拖拉机动量飞轮主动防侧翻控制与模型试验研究

针对拖拉机侧翻致死致伤事故仍时有发生的问题，基于旋转刚体加速时的反向施矩原理，以反作用动量飞轮为执行元件，提出了从主动安全角度解决拖拉机侧翻问题的研究方法。通过构建拖拉机动力学系统数学模型，解析了整机侧翻行为的动态演变机理。为保证拖拉机主体结构的完整性，将动量飞轮置于拖拉机前部，取代传统静态配重的同时可主动提供防侧翻力矩。应用Matlab/Simulink软件，对反作用飞轮的回稳过程进行了基于PID控制的有效性仿真分析，同时设计并搭建了比例模型试验平台，对主动施矩飞轮的回稳控制效果进行了试验验证。结果表明，装备飞轮的拖拉机与无控制组对比，在一次试验中可多次实现整机的防侧翻控制，使整机防侧翻性能得到明显改善，且不同行驶工况下的试验数据与仿真结果的相关性较强，充分验证了本文拖拉机侧翻动力学模型的有效性。     

规模化猪舍废气复合净化系统设计与试验

为解决规模化猪舍废气排放造成的环境污染问题，设计了一种猪舍废气复合净化系统。该系统采用化学法与水洗法相结合，通过PLC（可编程逻辑控制器）控制系统实时采集净化系统内的pH值、电导率、液位和压差等动态环境数据，智能控制洗涤泵启停和电磁阀通断，自动完成供水、加酸、喷淋和排废4个工作环节。同时，控制系统采用MCGS触摸屏与PLC建立通讯，通过创建人机交互界面实现系统环境数据监测、运行状态流动显示、按需配置系统参数和报警信息输出等多种功能，实现了系统操作的人性化和过程的可视化。系统可根据实际应用中对净化效率和运行成本的要求，实现多种控制模式，均有效抑制了猪舍废气排放。试验结果表明，系统对主要污染成分氨气的平均去除率可达到85%，整体运行可靠、控制简单，经济成本量化清晰。该系统在江西某种猪场实施应用，成效显著，可为畜禽养殖环境废气净化处理的工程应用提供参考。     

JT6120乘客座椅靠背曲线静态舒适性评价研究

The aim of this research was to evaluate a passenger seat of a new type bus in terms of eomfort. A fuzzy set model of multistage comfort scale (MCS) was adopted to the assessment of comfort, together with the techniques of human backshape and EMG measures     

高寒围栏草地短期放牧育肥牦牛增重试验

选择 40头成年阉牦牛 ,( 2 0头为试验组、2 0头为对照组 ) ,进行围栏草地上短期放牧育肥试验。结果 ,在围栏草地上放牧育肥的试验组阉牦牛 ,试验组每头牦牛的总增重比对照组提高 3 .3 1kg ,平均日增重 83g ,提高 44 % ,(P <0 .0 1)。试验组比对照组牦牛每头分别增收 2 6.48元     

龙井市农村经济灰色关联度分析

利用灰色系统理论中灰色关联度分析的方法，龙井市近几年来农村经济分3个层次进行了系统、全面的分析。     

西杂牛连续埋植“畜大壮”效果观察

本试验对甘肃河西地区西杂１－２岁和周岁以下的犊牛连续用促生长剂“畜大壮”分阶段进行耳根埋植,试验结果表明,４－６月龄犊牛全期１８０天,试验组增重和平均日增重分别为５．５ｋｇ和３０８．３３ｇ,试验组比对照组提高３７．２５ｋｇ和２０６．９４ｇ（Ｐ〈０．０１）,１－２岁牛全期１８０天,试验组平均增重和日增重分别为５６．４３ｋｇ和３１４．４９ｇ,试验缄比对照组分别提高３０．０３ｋｇ和１６６．８２ｇ差异显著     

Fractal dimension estimates of a fragmented landscape: sources of variability

Although often seen as a scale-independent measure, we show that the fractal dimension of the forest cover of the Cazaville Region changes with spatial scale. Sources of variability in the estimation of fractal dimensions are multiple. First, the measured phenomenon does not always show the properties of a pure fractal for all scales, but rather exhibits local self-similarity within certain scale ranges. Moreover, some sampling components such as area of sampling unit, the use of a transect in the estimation of the variability of a plane, the location, and the orientation of a transect all affect, to different degrees, the estimation of the fractal dimension. This paper assesses the relative importance of these components in the estimation of the fractal dimension of the spatial distribution of woodlots in a fragmented landscape. Results show that different sources of variability should be considered when comparing fractal dimensions from different studies or regions.     

Effects of changing spatial scale on acoustic observations of patchiness in the Gulf Stream

We examine the influence of spatial scale on studies of nektonic patchiness at the north edge of the Gulf Stream by altering the grain size of acoustic cross sections and applying a patch-finding algorithm. From original pictures of 180 pixels deep by 540–1260 pixels long, we averaged depth and length, to give 9 scales ranging from fine grain (1 m vertical × 25 m horizontal sized pixels) to coarse grain (12 m × 300 m sized pixels). Measures of overall echo intensity within patches were the most predictable and showed little change with scale. Measures of variability of the echo within patches showed simple negative trends with scale and were best measured at fine spatial scales. Patch size and shape related variables have a more complex relationship with scale with differences between day and night transects more pronounced at intermediate scales. This suggests behavioral patch forming mechanisms within the nekton occur at a specific grain size (4 m vertical × 100 m horizontal) within the Gulf Stream front.     

Estimation of daily and total lactation milk yield of Chios ewes from single morning or evening records

Linear models were developed and evaluated for the estimation of daily (24 h) and total lactation milk yield of dairy sheep from single morning (am) or evening (pm) milking records. A total of 22,908 individual test-day milk records of 5110 ewes of the Chios breed, raised in 46 flocks, were used. Depending on the model, different daily milk yield estimates were derived for each ewe, accounting for lactation number, stage of lactation, season of previous lambing and interval between successive milkings. Daily milk yield was also estimated from doubling the single am or pm record. Actual and estimated yields were compared using root mean square errors (RMSEs), mean absolute differences, an accuracy parameter defined as the ratio of the actual yield variance over the sum of the variances of actual yield and absolute difference, and the product moment correlation between estimated and actual yield. Results were validated on independent datasets. Linear models resulted in less biased and more accurate estimates of the daily milk yield than simply doubling the am or pm record. Root mean square errors decreased by 7-37% and the mean absolute difference was reduced by 1-4% of the average daily yield. Higher accuracy and correlation were obtained from linear model application than doubling. Total lactation milk yield was predicted based on actual daily yield and compared to predictions based on estimated daily yield from am or pm records, as well as directly on single milking records. Root mean square errors obtained when daily yield had been estimated with linear models were 26-35% lower compared to doubling the am or pm yield and 0-13% lower compared to estimating the total lactation yield directly from single milking records. Linear model application also resulted in lower mean absolute difference and higher accuracy and correlation than doubling the am or pm record. Recording the yield of a single milking (am or pm) instead of both can benefit milk recording by reducing its cost and increasing farmer participation. In this context, linear models developed in the present study can be used for the accurate estimation of daily (24 h) and total lactation milk yield from single milking records.     

基于不同尺度的干旱区城市景观生态研究--以陕西榆林市为例

从区域与城市两个尺度水平 ,对毛乌素沙漠南缘的榆林市城市景观进行研究认为 :在大尺度水平上 ,区域景观生态特征对城市景观特征具有一定的控制作用 ,而城市景观强大的功能流对区域景观产生干扰作用。城市景观的空间扩展与演化 ,既受区域景观特征的影响 ,也是区域景观演化的一个有机构成部分 ;在小尺度空间上 ,景观功能区、景观斑块与廊道的格局与功能 ,对城市景观格局动态以及维持城市景观多样的生态功能具有重要意义。在不同的利益追求下形成的景观文化 ,将深刻地影响到区域与城市景观演化的方向与过程。