中国粮食进口安全综合评价研究——基于超效率DEA模型

在对粮食及粮食进口安全内涵加以界定的基础上,从粮食数量、粮食质量、粮食价格、粮食贸易、国家经济、生态环境6个方面分析中国粮食进口安全的影响因素,基于超效率DEA模型构建中国粮食进口安全评价模型。对1992—2015年中国粮食进口安全状况进行评价,结果表明,1992—2015年中国粮食进口处于安全状态,粮食进口对我国粮食价格安全和生态安全的影响程度较小,对数量安全、质量安全、贸易安全和经济安全的影响程度较大。     

一种多功能食品加工机的研讨

在食品加工中,各单元操作已使用各种形式的操作单机。如和面机、搅拌机、打蛋机、绞肉机等。目前,像饮食行业和职工食堂等部门,由于加工批量不大,采用单机操作,则机械利用率低,且投资大,管理和使用不方便。如果用一台具有多种功能的加工机代替各种单机,是有一定的经济和实用价值的。因此,我国已开始研制多种功能食品加工机。为了交流信息,加速多功能食品加工机的发展,本文介绍一种具有和面、拌肉馅、打蛋花、打奶酪、绞肉末、挤面条等多种功能的食品机。 并扼要说明该机的整体结构和传动系统,及进行不同作业时所选用的各种附件的结构和工作原理。     

Effects of predator-induced visual and olfactory cues on 0+ perch (Perca fluviatilis L.) foraging behaviour

Abstract –  Foraging juvenile fish with relatively high food demands are usually vulnerable to various aquatic and avian predators. To compromise between foraging and antipredator activity, they need exact and reliable information about current predation risk. Among direct predator-induced cues, visual and olfactory signals are considered to be most important. Food intake rates and prey-size selectivity of laboratory-reared, naive young-of-the-year (YOY) perch, Perca fluviatilis , were studied in experiments with Daphnia magna of two size classes: 2.8 and 1.3 mm as prey and northern pike, Esox lucius , as predator. Neither total intake rate nor prey-size selectivity was modified by predator kairomones alone (water from an aquarium with a pike was pumped into the test aquaria) under daylight conditions. Visual presentation of pike reduced total food intake by perch. This effect was significantly more pronounced (synergistic) when visual and olfactory cues were presented simultaneously to foraging perch. Moreover, the combination of cues caused a significant shift in prey-size selection, expressed as a reduced proportion of large prey in the diet. Our observations demonstrate that predator-induced olfactory cues alone are less important modifiers of the feeding behaviour of naive YOY perch than visual cues under daylight conditions. However, pike odour acts as a modulatory stimulus enhancing the effects of visual cues, which trigger an innate response in perch.     

评价适合选育加工型马铃薯品种的杂交组合

中国马铃薯的种植面积和产量均占世界首位,随着人们生活水平的提高和饮食结构的改善,以及外资企业在中国的纷纷建厂,对食品加工型马铃薯品种的市场需求日益增加,食品加工型马铃薯品种的培育已成为当务之急。本文根据食品加工型马铃薯品种的6项选育指标(炸制品质、薯形、产量、大中薯率、抗病性、熟期),对14个马铃薯杂交组合进行单个指标的评价和组合的级别评价,最终确定组合F81109×B5141-6、B5141-6×F58050、F67128×F61101、F49013×F61101、F71002×F59103可作为选育食品加工型马铃薯品种比较有前景的杂交组合。     

红曲霉色素的提取

本实验确立了一种新的红曲霉色素提取方法:以红曲米为原料,乙醇为提取剂,得到的提取液再以正己烷提取分离。结果表明,此法所得的红曲霉色素是水溶性的,宜于用作食品添加剂。此外,还对影响提取的因素进行了探讨,并提供了最佳提取方案。     

我国经济林应对绿色技术壁垒的战略

我国经济林发展很快，但由于产地生态破坏、环境污染以及林农的不良耕作等原因，使按常规方式生产的产品安全质量下降，从而遇到了绿色技术壁垒的严峻挑战。只有抓住机遇，认真实施无公害生产，开发安全森林食品，才能拓展产品的国际国内市场，使我国经济林产业开发再上新台阶。     

加入WTO对重庆市粮食产业发展的影响与对策研究

通过对中国加入WTO后在粮食产业发展上面临的国内外形势的比较分析，指出了我国粮食产业发展在加入WTO的新形势下如何发展的问题，同时结合重庆市粮食生产情况，为重庆市粮食产业发展提出了一系列的建设性意见和对策，以应对加入WTO对我国及重庆市粮食产业带来的冲击，对把握重庆市粮食产业的发展方向有一定的指导意义。     

转基因食品的检测方法

目前，世界各国对转基因食品的检测主要从外源DNA和蛋白两种生物大分子入手，所广泛采用的方法有聚合酶链式反应（PCR）、生物芯片技术（Biochips)、酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）和侧流技术（Lateral Flow)。本文综述了各种方法的原理以及这些方法用于检测转基因食品时的优缺点。     

植物生长物质的使用与绿色果品生产

 针对人们对植物生长物质的种种偏见，阐述了植物激素与动物激素以及植物生长调节剂的重要区别，提出了植物激素对人体无毒性，植物生长调节剂可以运用于大多数绿色果品生产的建议。     

Prediction of chemical composition and peroxide value in unground pet foods by near‐infrared spectroscopy

The massive development of the pet food industry in recent years has lead to the formulation of hundreds of canine and feline complete extruded foods with the objective of meeting both the needs of the animals and numerous demands from pet owners. In the meantime, highly variable raw material compositions and the industry's new production techniques oblige manufacturers to monitor all phases of the extrusion process closely in order to ensure the targeted composition and quality of the products. This study aimed at evaluating the potential of infrared technology (visible and near‐infrared spectrophotometer; 570–1842 nm) in predicting the chemical composition and peroxide value (PV) of unground commercial extruded dog foods. Six hundred and forty‐nine commercial extruded dog foods were collected. For each product, an unground aliquot was analysed by infrared instrument while a second aliquot was sent to a laboratory for proximate analysis and PV quantification. The wide range of extruded dog food typologies included in the study was responsible for the wide variability observed within each nutritional trait, especially crude fibre and ash. The mean value of the 208 pet foods sampled for PV quantification was 17.49 mEq O₂/kg fat (min 2.2 and max 94.10 mEq O₂/kg fat). The coefficients of determination in cross‐validation of NIRS prediction models were 0.77, 0.97, 0.83, 0.86, 0.78 and 0.94 for moisture, crude protein, crude fat, crude fibre, ash and nitrogen‐free extract (NFE) respectively. PV prediction was less precise, as demonstrated by the coefficient of determination in cross‐validation (0.66). The results demonstrated the potential of NIRS in predicting chemical composition in unground samples, with lower accuracy for moisture and ash, while PV prediction models suggest use for screening purposes only.