新疆桑树雌蕊柱头表面超微结构观察与分类的探讨

应用扫描电镜技术观察了和田白桑、伽克1号桑、皮木1号桑的雌蕊形态结构。结果发现和田白桑、伽克1号桑的雌蕊无花柱,柱头内侧表面生有乳头状突起;皮木1号桑雌蕊无花柱,柱头内侧表面生有长毛。根据观察结果,结合其形态特征,和田白桑、伽克1号桑归类于白桑(Morus alba Linn.)较为合适;皮木1号桑有待今后进一步探讨。     

Moth sex-pheromone biosynthesis is inhibited by the herbicide diclofop

Pheromones of nocturnal moths are derived from fatty acids produced as a result of the activity of acetyl-CoA carboxylase. This timely production is initiated in nocturnal moths by a tropic peptide, pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide released into the hemolymph. In monocotyledonous plants, specific plastid acetyl-CoA carboxylase is inhibited by herbicides that target the eukaryotic form of the enzyme. We report evidence that these herbicides can also target pheromone biosynthesis by a moth, thereby implicating the acetyl-CoA carboxylase as a key regulatory enzyme in the pheromone biosynthetic pathway. These findings, whilst indicating the possible action of such herbicides on non-target organisms, also suggest a novel alternative method of insect pest management, which precludes sex-pheromone production and mating success, thereby reducing insect population growth.     

Comparison of an in vitro and a damping-off assay to test soils for suppressiveness to Pythium aphanidermatum

Testing of soil samples in greenhouse assays for suppressiveness to soilborne plant pathogens requires a considerable investment in time and effort as well as large numbers of soil samples. To make it possible to process large numbers of samples efficiently, we compared an in vitro growth assay with a damping-off assay using Pythium aphanidermatum as the test organism on tomato seedlings. The in vitro test compares the radial growth or relative growth of the fungus in soil to that in autoclaved soil and reflects suppressiveness of soils to the pathogen. We used soils from a field experiment that had been farmed either organically or conventionally and into which a cover crop (oats and vetch in mixture) had been incorporated 0, 10, 21, and 35 days previously. We obtained a significant, positive correlation between damping-off severities of tomato seedlings in damping-off assays and both relative and radial growth in vitro. In addition, radial and relative growth of P. aphanidermatum in the in vitro assay were positively correlated with several carbon and nitrogen variables measured for soil and incorporated debris. We did not find differences between the two farming systems for either growth measures of P. aphanidermatum or disease severities on tomato at different stages of cover crop decomposition. The in vitro assay shows potential for use with any fungus that exhibits rapid saprophytic growth, and is most suitable for routine application in suppressiveness testing.     

蝴蝶兰花粉活力及柱头可授性研究

蝴蝶兰花粉和柱头具有较高的活性,是确保其杂交成功的关键。为获得蝴蝶兰人工授粉的最佳时间参数,通过电镜扫描和TTC（氯化三苯基四氮唑）染色,对蝴蝶兰品种‘天香公主’的花粉活力进行研究,并用联苯胺-过氧化氢法测定其柱头可授性。结果表明,蝴蝶兰花粉块随着开放时间的延长,体积减小,颜色加深,质地变硬,活力减弱。TTC染色法检测表明,花粉活力率（染色率）大小为：开放1 天＜花蕾期＜花蕾展开期。柱头可授性测定显示,蝴蝶兰开花10~30 天内进行人工杂交能获得较高的成功率,其中10~15天授粉率最高。     

GA3不同浓度和施用时期对‘灿烂’兔眼蓝莓花期和生殖能力的影响

本研究以5年生‘灿烂’兔眼蓝莓为试材,以清水为对照,开展 GA₃ 不同浓度和不同施用时期的喷施处理,调查与分析各处理对开花物候期、结果枝比率、平均每枝花朵数、花粉活力、柱头可授性和胚囊活力等参数的影响,以此评价GA₃不同浓度和不同施用时期对蓝莓花期和生殖能力调节的效果,以期探索适用的蓝莓花期延迟技术,为生产栽培花期管理提供科学依据。研究结果表明,GA₃不同浓度和不同时期的处理对‘灿烂’兔眼蓝莓的开花物候期有着明显的影响,随施浓度的增加开花物候期延迟的时间逐渐延长,但同时其结果枝比率、平均每枝的花朵数、花粉活力、柱头可授性和胚囊活力等雌雄器官的生殖能力均逐渐降低。此外,在采果后不同时期第一次喷施500 mg/L GA₃的处理对成花和生殖能力的影响更为显著,整体上呈现为施用时期越早,成花效果越差,雌雄性器官的生殖能力亦越低。综合分析表明,施用GA₃可以延迟其花期7 d左右,但第一次施用时期过早,或施用浓度过高均不同程度地影响蓝莓的成花效果和生殖能力,在采果后第30 d施用500 mg/L的GA₃效果较好。     

花龄对蓝莓柱头可授性及花粉活力的影响

以 南高丛蓝莓‘蓝雨’为试材,研究了花龄对柱头可授性和花粉活力的影响。结果表明：‘蓝雨’蓝莓雌雄性器官的育性具有同步性,有利于自然授粉结实。从花后第1d-5d花粉活力都较高,特别是花后第2d-4d,花粉活力保持在50%以上,是人工辅助授粉花粉的良好收集期;从花后第2d-4d柱头分泌黏液较多,此期柱头具有强可授性,是开展人工辅助授粉的最佳时期。     

兜兰花粉活力及柱头可授性探究

本研究以‘绿肉饼’兜兰为试验材料,用扫描电子显微镜对其花粉块进行研究分析。结果显示,花粉块可分为两半,表面光滑呈现紧密网状结构。为获得‘绿肉饼’人工授粉最佳时间,采用TTC (氯化三苯基四氮唑)染色和联苯胺-过氧化氢法进行花粉活力及柱头可授性的研究。TTC染色法结果表明,‘绿肉饼’的花粉活力呈现从弱到强再到弱的趋势,其中开花15~20 d的花粉活力最大,授粉率较高;联苯胺-过氧化氢法结果表明,‘绿肉饼’的柱头可授性随开花时间先弱后强再变弱,其中开花10~20 d的柱头可授性最高。     

薏苡紫色柱头性状的遗传分析

为研究薏苡紫色柱头性状的遗传规律,利用4份材料做亲本构建4个杂交组合,观察并记录其F 1、F 2植株的性状特征和分离比例。结果显示,紫色柱头相对于白色为显性,各F 2群体植株的柱头颜色分离比皆符合3∶1比例,说明紫色柱头是由1对显性等位基因控制。     

颖花不同剪除方法影响籼稻不育系柱头活力持续时间的研究

以籼型水稻三系不育系Ⅱ-32A、冈46A和宜香1A为材料,试验设剪除穗子部分颖花、整穗颖花保持不变和剪除穗子颖花的上半部分3个处理, 观察它们的柱头活力变化及持续时间.结果显示,剪除部分颖花试验的柱头活力持续时间较长,剪除颖花上半部分试验的柱头活力持续时间最短,整穗颖花保持不变试验的柱头活力持续时间最长.     

6个籼型水稻光温敏核不育系异交特性的研究

以３２０４Ｓ、ＨＮ５Ｓ、８９０６Ｓ、安湘Ｓ、１１０３Ｓ和９４５１Ｓ等６个籼核不育系为材料,对其异交性能进行了研究。结果表明：（１）６个核流通 系的颖花开花率均高于对照珍汕９７Ａ;柱头外露率从高到低依次为１１０３Ｓ、珍汕９７Ａ（ＣＫ）、３２０４Ｓ、安湘Ｓ、８９０６Ｓ、ＨＮ５Ｓ、９４５１Ｓ;８９０６３Ｓ、安湘Ｓ、９４５１Ｓ有花率比对照珍汕９７Ａ高,６个核不 系的平均张颖时间均比对照珍汕９７Ａ短;（２）