Identification of a major gene (Mex-1) from Coffea canephora conferring resistance to Meloidogyne exigua in Coffea arabica

Among the most damaging root-knot nematode species, Meloidogyne exigua is especially common in Latin America and constitutes a major agronomic constraint in all major coffee-growing ( Coffea arabica ) areas. Growing nematode-resistant coffee represents the most promising option for control of the pest. The present study aimed to determine the mode of inheritance of the M. exigua resistance transferred into C. arabica from a related species, Coffea canephora , and to identify associated molecular markers. Segregation data analysis of F ₂ progeny derived from a cross between the resistant introgression line T5296 and the susceptible accession Et6 showed that the resistance to M. exigua is controlled by a simply inherited major gene (designated the Mex -1 locus). The gall index distribution exhibited by the F ₂ individuals suggested incomplete dominant expression. Fourteen AFLP markers were found associated with the resistance to M. exigua and a localized genetic map of the chromosome segment carrying Mex -1 was constructed. Furthermore, the association of the identified AFLP markers with Mex -1 was confirmed by analysis of a set of genotypes involving 28 introgression Arabica lines either resistant or susceptible to M. exigua in field conditions. These results represent an important starting point to enhance backcross breeding programmes and to perform an early selection of resistant seedlings.     

咖啡新品种德热132选育报告

"德热132"是由MEXICO-9的突变单株选择出的抗锈病优质品种,2012年进行了新品种登记,并命名为德热132。品比、区试和生产试验结果均表明,该品种具有稳产、品质优、抗锈病等特点,适宜在云南省的德宏、保山、临沧、普洱、文山等地区种植。     

云南河口民族地区小粒种咖啡技术创新经验总结

总结2010年以来云南河口民族地区小粒种咖啡技术创新亮点，分析认为：近年研究制定的《河口小粒咖啡综合技术规范》(DG5325/T 5.1-5.6—2013)标准，规范了本地区小粒种咖啡栽培技术；试验筛选出的高抗锈良种CIF7963(6)，加快了本地区良种化进程；“水压自动补偿”灌溉系统，解决了本地区传统灌溉问题；对传统湿法加工实施背压式热风穿透风干燥技术(设备)改造，改变了传统上利用水泥晒场自然晾晒咖啡豆。这些创新亮点促进了本地区小粒种咖啡产业的可持性发展。     

元谋县咖啡种植现状和发展浅议

简介云南元谋县咖啡种植历史、现状,存在问题,发展潜力和对策。     

新中国咖啡产业60年的崛起历程—— 中国咖啡早期引种扩种历史考证系列文章

当我们把中国人自己的第一粒樱桃样的咖啡红果采摘下来，第一次烘焙、第一次研磨、第一次冲调、第一杯热咖啡飘散出醇香的时候，有关中国咖啡种植业和新中国咖啡产业60年的崛起历程就永久载入史册，成为一段动人的历史佳话。本文总结中国咖啡产业60年的崛起所经历的4个历史时期，农业科研院所对中国咖啡的助推以及对外开放和国外企业挺进对中国咖啡产业的促进作用。     

Distribution analyses of Meloidogyne spp. and Pratylenchus coffeae sensu lato in coffee plots in Costa Rica and Guatemala

The distribution of the plant-parasitic nematodes Pratylenchus coffeae sensu lato and Meloidogyne spp. were studied in two plots, one in Guatemala ( P. coffeae and M. paranaensis ) and the other in Costa Rica ( P. coffeae and M. exigua ). The quantity of nematodes per g fresh weight root were counted for each coffee tree sampled. The distributions were aggregated, and generally fitted well to negative binomial distributions. Population aggregation was greater when a smaller number of nematodes were involved, suggesting that initial colonization develops in foci. Analyses of the relationships between population levels of the species suggested that there was competition between Pratylenchus coffeae and Meloidogyne spp. This competition was expressed differently depending on the relative population density of the different species.     

Efficacy and residues of phloxine B and uranine for the suppression of Mediterranean fruit fly in coffee fields

The field efficacy of a bait containing phloxine B, uranine and Provesta 621 protein was tested against Mediterranean fruit fly (Ceratitis capitata; Medfly) by aerial and ground spraying in about 84 ha of coffee fields in Kauai, Hawaii, USA. Concurrently, soil and crop samples were collected from the aerially sprayed field and its unsprayed control field for residue studies. Efficacy of the sprays was assessed through trapping with both protein-baited and trimedlure-baited traps and through the infestation level of coffee cherries collected at least three-quarters ripe. The C capitata population was low at the start of the aerial and ground spray studies, but dramatically increased in the control fields. This increase coincided with initial ripening of coffee cherries. During times of peak population levels, C capitata populations were reduced by more than 91% in the ground-sprayed field and 99% in the aerial-sprayed field, relative to the populations in their respective control fields and based on protein-baited trap catches. Results of residue analyses indicated that uranine dissipated quickly compared with phloxine B on coffee and soil. Coffee samples collected at pre-spray periods had phloxine B residues of 7.2-25.5 ng g-1 on berries. Phloxine B concentrations were much higher on coffee leaves (163-1120 ng g-1). Lower concentrations of the dye were found from coffee samples collected during rainy days. Average phloxine B concentrations immediately after spraying were 56 and 2840 ng g-1 in coffee berries and leaves, respectively. Dissipation of phloxine B on berries was fast, with a half-life (t1/2) of 3 days. Dissipation of phloxine B on leaves was fitted to two linear phases: the initial (0-4 days) with a shorter t1/2 of 3 days and the later phase (4-28 days) with a longer t1/2 of 15 days. Average concentrations of phloxine B in the top soil ranged from 50 to 590 ng g-1 at pre-spray. Phloxine B initial concentration (770 ng g-1) reached a plateau immediately after the last spraying, but showed a steady decline over time with t1/2 of 16 days. Fast dissipation of the dyes in the field indicates that these chemicals may be environmentally compatible and therefore a promising alternative for fruit fly control.     

Photosynthesis,Chlorophylls, and SPAD Readings in Coffee Leaves in Relation to Nitrogen Supply

The export of nitrogen (N) from senescent plant parts is important for the efficient use of this macronutrient. The objective of this study was to establish correlations among the photosynthetic pigment content, total N, and the photosynthetic variables with the SPAD‐502 readings in Coffea arabica leaves. Correlations were established among the chlorophyll content, N content, and chlorophyll a and b with SPAD‐502 readings taken on coffee leaves at different months. The results show that all variables decreased with time. However, correlation increased linearly with N doses. Total chlorophyll presented a direct linear correlation with readings of the portable chlorophyll meter. The SPAD readings have shown to be a good tool to diagnose the integrity of the photosynthetic system in coffee leaves. Thus, the portable chlorophyll SPAD‐502 instrument can be used to evaluate the N status and can also help to evaluate the photosynthetic process in coffee plants.     

生物炭对干旱胁迫下咖啡苗生长及非结构性碳水化合物的影响

为明确在干旱胁迫下施用生物炭对咖啡苗生长及非结构性碳水化合物（NSC）含量的影响，以正常水分处理（W1：土壤水分为最大持水量的65%~70%，不施用生物炭；W2：土壤水分为最大持水量的65%~70%，施用相当于烘干土质量5%的生物炭）为对照，设置不同生物炭处理（D1：不施生物炭；D2：施用量为干土质量的5%）下进行持续干旱与复水的盆栽试验，干旱与复水共设4个处理，分别为持续干旱9 d（DL）、持续干旱13 d（DS）、持续干旱9 d+复水后3 d（DL+R）、持续干旱13 d+复水后3 d（DS+R），分析各器官（根、茎、叶）干物质量、NSC组分含量及其质量的变化。结果表明：与正常水分处理（W1）相比，持续干旱9 d时（DL），D1处理咖啡苗叶的可溶性糖含量、淀粉含量和NSC比率分别下降22.5%、21.1%和21.1%，根的可溶性糖含量和NSC比率分别显著提高8.7%和62.8%，茎的可溶性糖含量和NSC比率分别显著提高22.0%和28.2%。持续干旱13 d时（DS），D1处理较W1处理的根、茎、叶干质量和总干物质量分别下降30.6%、22.2%、34.8%和30.8%，叶的NSC含量和NSC比率分别下降23.7%和16.4%，根的NSC含量和NSC比率分别增加33.8%和57.9%；生物炭处理（D2）较不施生物炭的处理（D1）总干质量增加16.7%，根的NSC含量和茎的NSC比率分别下降18.0%和24.1%，叶的NSC含量和NSC比率分别增加22.8%和15.0%。持续干旱9 d复水后3 d时（DL+R），生物炭处理（D2）对各器官NSC含量恢复作用显著，且与正常水分处理（W1）间无显著差异；干旱13 d复水后3 d时（DS+R），不施生物炭处理（D1）的咖啡苗生长未恢复，而生物炭处理（D2）对咖啡苗恢复作用显著，D2较D1处理的总干质量增加20.3%，叶的NSC含量增加22.7%，根和茎的NSC含量分别下降11.8%和15.3%。可见，施用生物炭是增强咖啡抗旱性和减缓咖啡NSC组分剧烈变化的有效途径。     

印度咖啡产业发展现状

咖啡与茶叶、可可并称为世界三大饮料，就每年的消费量而言，它比可可大两倍，比茶叶大三倍。近年，印度咖啡产业在政府的资助下，发展迅速，至今产量已位居亚洲第二，并占全亚洲25%的产量。本文分析了印度咖啡产区分布、出口以及国内消费情况，总结了近年来，印度政府采取各种措施计划旨在提高咖啡业生产力，提高咖啡产品产量和质量，在全球市场更好推销印度咖啡。