关于我国设立刑事证据开示制度的思考

1996年《刑事诉讼法》的修改，产生了律师阅卷难问题。为解决这一问题，真正实现控辩双方公平对抗，我国应设立刑事证据开示制度。文章对刑事证据开示制度的内涵、设立的必要性、设立的原则以及具体建议进行法律思考。     

农业国家技术发明奖一等奖概况及案例分析

文章简述了国家技术发明奖概念，结合农业科技实际，分析了农业国家技术发明一等奖的概况及其特点，并对农业国家技术发明一等奖典型案例进行分析，为组织国家重大科技项目、获得国际先进水平科技成果提供新的启示。     

Tick-borne encephalitis epidemic in Hungary 1951–2021: The story and lessons learned

The authors analysed epidemiological data of the Hungarian tick-borne encephalitis epidemic from the past seven decades. A total of 911 meningitis serosa cases were described from 1930-1950 s by local hospital physicians, indicating that the virus had been present in the country decades before its official identification in 1952. The virus spread freely in the 1950s–1960s, occupying almost all habitats where ticks occurred in large numbers. The increasing number of cases drove authorities to classify this illness as a notifiable disease in 1977 and to organize the first measures to stop the epidemic. Statistical analysis revealed that the large-scale vaccination launched from the 1990s was responsible for the sharp decrease in the number of human cases from 1997. A significant negative correlation was found between the number of vaccine doses sold and human cases 6 years later. The TBEV endemic area covers 16.57% of the territory and 16.65% of the population of the country. In the last 10 years, 186,000 vaccine doses/year in average were enough to keep the incidence of human TBEV infections between 0.45 and 0.06/100,000 persons. A 20-year-long study found evidence for easing clinical signs in TBEV-infected hospitalized patients. Statistics found a sharp decrease in the number of samples sent for TBEV diagnosis after 1989. Male dominance of patients was characteristic of the epidemics since the 1940s, but now analysis of detailed data from the 1981–2021 period (60.5%–87.5%) proved the statistical significance of this dominance. Obviously, the voluntary vaccination programme was the tool which broke the spread of the epidemic. Widespread public awareness of the disease and the tick vector, probable evolutionary spread of less pathogenic virus strains supplemented with the vaccination campaign led to a negligible level of human TBE cases in Hungary in the last years.     

森林案件涉案伐倒木材积惟一性的探讨

材积是盗伐、滥伐等森林案件定性和处罚的主要依据,要求具有惟一性。用马尾松、杉木和杨树的伐倒木资料,分别按不同的计算方法计算其材积,结果表明:在3种树种中,中央断面区分求积式(区分段段数为5以上)的材积都最接近实际材积,误差也都较小,可作为森林案件中涉及伐倒木材积的惟一认定结果。     

车身焊点布置优化研究

以某款车身为研究对象,对已有焊点布置进行拓扑优化,在保证车身综合性能条件下进一步减少焊点数量。首先建立弯曲工况、扭转工况和模态工况,分析其刚度、强度以及模态,然后利用拓扑优化对焊点进行优化布置。焊点拓扑优化以车身焊点体积最小为优化目标,以保证原有弯曲、扭转以及模态工况下的性能为约束条件,设计变量为焊点单元密度。最后,通过仿真对比验证基于拓扑优化车身焊点的优越性。结果表明,车身焊点数量由3841降到3786,减少了55个焊点,基于拓扑优化后的车身综合性能基本保持不变,有效降低了成本。     

对兽药违法案件中货值金额计算的思考

选取货值金额计算有争议的兽药违法典型案例,对货值金额计算的价格及数量确定依据条例条款分析审议,提出货值金额按标价计算等价格确定方法、已售数量争议的界定方法等数值确定方案的建议,以期为兽药规范执法提供参考。     

海洋L形立管系统不稳定流简化计算模型

根据严重段塞流4个阶段的特点,针对L形立管系统不稳定流建立了一维准平衡态简化计算模型,其忽略摩阻和加速度的影响,立管中气相穿透过程应用漂移流模型。气相穿透、气液喷发阶段采用特征线方法求解,并引入气相密度偏移修正过程,能够对典型严重段塞流和液塞长度小于立管高度的过渡严重段塞流进行模拟。将模型计算结果与实验室结果以及其他文献的实验数据进行对比,结果表明模型能够对L形立管系统中的两相不稳定流动进行较准确的模拟。（图2,表3,参16）。     

Comparative study of low voltage ride-through techniques for doubly-fed induction generator wind turbines under asymmetrical grid faults

Asymmetrical grid faults occur more frequently and have more adverse effects on the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) than symmetrical grid faults in the transmission system. The transient response of DFIG under asymmetrical grid faults is analyzed firstly. Meanwhile, operation behaviors of several low voltage ride-through (LVRT) techniques under severe asymmetrical grid faults are given by simulation with the Matlab/Simulink software. Then the characteristics of these LVRT techniques are further researched and analyzed based on the simulation results. Finally, the economies of these LVRT techniques are discussed. The conclusion lays a certain foundation for engineering development of these LVRT techniques.     

特旱低温灾害年小麦节水高效栽培模式试验

针对北方井灌区种粮农民投入高收益低的问题,在工程节水的前提下,采取农艺节水技术,以大田实测资料为依据,分析了小麦6个品种在特旱低温灾害年型的生理生态耗水特性和产量性状及节水高效栽培组合模式.试验表明1.63hm2示范田平均浇3.5次水,产量8253.75kg,水分生产率为2.988kg/m3,产出投入比4.11:1,比对照田成本减少11.14%,增产28.35%,耗水量下降23.85%,水分生产率提高69.77%,产投比是对照田的2.96倍,纯收入是对照田的5.86倍,实现了农业增产,农民增收和农村经济走上可持续发展的致富道路.