纤维素酶对兔日增重、肠绒毛结构、胃内容物及肝、睾丸内无机元素含量的影响

选用雄性日本大耳白兔20只,随机分为试验组和对照组,每组10只。结果表明,饲喂纤维素酶(3g/头·日)的兔日增重明显增加(P<0.05),通过电镜观察试验组兔空肠肠绒毛结构比较完整,而对照组则比较紊乱。另外,纤维素酶还能提高兔胃酸度和胃蛋白酶的活力(P<0.01);使肝脏中Cu(P<0.01)及睾丸内无机元素的含量增加,而使肝脏中Mn的含量下降(P<0.01)。     

河川沙塘鳢胚胎、仔鱼发育过程中蛋白酶活性的变化

采用生物化学方法测定和分析了河川沙塘鳢(Odontobutis potam ophila)胚胎、仔鱼发育过程中胃蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶的活性及其变化。结果显示,在胚胎发育初期,其胃蛋白酶的活性一直很低,在孵化前期,其胃蛋白酶的活性增高,之后继续升高,在孵出后5 d的仔鱼,其胃蛋白酶的活性达到最高。在胚胎发育初期,其胰蛋白酶活性相对较高,在眼黑色素出现期时明显升高,而在孵化前期时再次升高,孵出后5 d的仔鱼,其胰蛋白酶的活性亦达到最高。这也说明在河川沙塘鳢的胚胎、仔鱼发育过程中,其蛋白酶的活性总体呈上升的趋势。     

枳术丸水煎液对幼犬脾阳虚模型治疗作用研究

在观察枳术丸对脾阳虚幼犬模型的治疗作用基础上,比较3种不同剂量枳术丸水煎液的疗效,并研究其对幼犬胃酸分泌量和胃蛋白酶活性的影响。结果显示,枳术丸水煎液中剂量（含生药1.0g/mL）灌胃疗效最好,使幼犬采食量增加、体重恢复、血虚证指标改善最明显;其次为低剂量（含生药0.5g/mL）组;高剂量（含生药5.0g/mL）组和阳性对照组疗效最差;枳术丸水煎液中剂量提高幼犬胃酸分泌量和胃蛋白酶活性最明显。枳术丸水煎液对胃酸分泌量和胃蛋白酶活性的影响可能为其健脾作用机制。     

大黄鱼发育进程中消化酶的活力变化

不同发育阶段大黄鱼(Pseudosciaena crocea)样品体重30～500g,取自厦门海区网箱养殖区。以酶学分析方法测定大黄鱼发育进程中胃蛋白酶、类胰蛋白酶、淀粉酶、脂肪酶4种消化酶的活力。结果表明,在大黄鱼发育进程中,对蛋白的整体消化能力始终较强;4种消化酶活力表现出2种变化模式,其中胃蛋白酶和类胰蛋白酶活力逐渐降低,而淀粉酶和脂肪酶活力呈上升趋势。胃蛋白酶、类胰蛋白酶、淀粉酶和脂肪酶的比活力随鱼体重的变化分别遵循回归方程Y=34．89／X 0．050;Y=53．36／X 0．29;Y=-22．38／X 1．13和Y=-1．35／X 0．13。初步认为,在大黄鱼发育过程中,150g体重为其生长发育的转折点,这一阶段各种消化酶的变化可反映其食性的变化情况,本研究旨为大黄鱼配合饲料的研制与开发提供基础依据。     

影响胃蛋白酶凝乳作用因素的研究

探讨了反应温度、滴定酸度、胃蛋白酶添加量、ＣａＣｌ２加入量等因素对胃蛋白酶凝乳作用的影响规律，确定了用胃蛋白酶生产干酪时的主要工艺参数，反应温度３９℃；滴定酸度２４Ｔ；ＣａＣｌ２加入量０．０１５％；加酶量随酶活而定。     

体外胃蛋白酶法与去盲肠公鸡活体方法测定饲料可利用氨基酸的比较研究

对体外胃蛋白酶法测定饲料氨基酸消化率与公鸡活体内测定结果进行了比较研究。体外酶法分析10种鸡饲料氨基酸消化率平均值分别是秘鲁鱼粉94.1%,受热损害秘鲁鱼粉84.4%,严重受热秘鲁鱼粉59.2%,淡鱼粉68.3%,肉骨粉72.2%,豆饼84.7%,花生粕78.5%,芝麻粕88.9%,脱毒棉籽饼63.9%,未脱毒棉籽饼70.7%。去盲肠公鸡活体法测定真消化率结果依次是:92.4%,84.2%,75.0%,77.2%,72.6%,86.8%,87.2%,88.9%,75.6%和76.1%。两者具有很高的相关关系,r=0.96,回归方程 Y=0.53+0.483X(Y=活体法结果,X=体外法结果)。结果证明:体外胃蛋白酶法测定饲料氨基酸消化率可以代替繁琐的鸡体内测定方法。     

酪蛋白源阿片物质的分离、纯化及活性鉴定

酪蛋白的胃蛋白酶水解物通过RP-HPLC进行分离,并用NG108-15 细胞对其进行阿片样活性鉴定。实验结果表明:酪蛋白经胃蛋白酶处理2 h 后, 其酶解产物中有阿片样活性物质产生, 而酪蛋白本身无阿片活性。     

甲醛处理对豆饼干物质和蛋白质瘤胃降解率及胃蛋白酶消化率的影响

豆饼用２ｇ／ｋｇＤＭ甲醛处理后,１０ｈ瘤胃干物质（ＤＭ）降解率从８７．１９％下降到豆饼含水量为１４％和６０．９３％和含水量１８％时的５６．２９％,粗蛋白降解率从８７．６９％分别下降到４８．３６％和４３．４３％,随着甲醛用量的增加,干物质的粗蛋白的降解率进一步下降,但下降幅度减少。在甲醛用量低于２ｇ／ｋｇＤＭ的情况下,甲醛用量对ＰＨ为４．５时的胃蛋白酶４ｈ和８ｈ干物质和粗蛋白消化率没有明显影响,但     

Effect of water temperature on the growth performance and digestive enzyme activities of Chinese longsnout catfish (Leiocassis longirostris Günther)

The present study was carried out to investigate the influence of water temperature on the growth performance and digestive enzyme (pepsin, trypsin and lipase) activities of Chinese longsnout catfish. Triplicate groups of Chinese longsnout catfish (35.6±0.48 g, mean±SE) were reared at different water temperatures (20, 24, 28 and 32 °C). The feeding rate (FR), specific growth rate (SGR) and feed efficiency ratio (FER) were significantly affected by water temperatures and regression relationships between water temperature and FI, SGR as well as FER were expressed as FR=−0.016 T ²+0.91 T −10.88 ( n =12, R ²=0.8752), SGR=−0.026 T ²+1.39 T −17.29 ( n =12, R ²=0.7599) and FER=−0.013 T ²+0.70 T −8.43 ( n =12, R ²=0.7272). Based on these, the optimum temperatures for FR, SGR and FER were 27.66, 26.69 and 26.44 °C respectively. The specific activities of digestive enzymes at 24 or 28 °C were significantly higher than that at 20 or 32 °C. In addition, there was a significant linear regression between FR or SGR and specific activities of pepsin and lipase, which indicated that pepsin and lipase played important roles in regulating growth through nutrient digestion in Chinese longsnout catfish.     

Ontogenic development of digestive enzymes in bigfin reef squid (Sepioteuthis lessoniana)

Bigfin reef squid (Sepioteuthis lessoniana) is an economically important exported aquatic animal in Thailand, but little is known about its husbandry, which needs to be clarified. In this study, the ontogenic development of the main digestive enzymes (pepsin, trypsin, chymotrypsin, lipase and amylase) was investigated within 30 days after hatching (DAH). Fertilized eggs of the wild cuttlefish were hatched and then distributed into four replicate aquaria assigned to varying collection times (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 DAH). The development of pepsin suggests acidic digestion functionality at 5 DAH, and its specific activity was maintained over the studied period. Specific activities of the serine proteases, trypsin and chymotrypsin, fluctuated significantly with similar pattern, and appear to be the key enzymes contributing ontogenic changes in protein catabolism. The specific activity of lipase was relatively high at 0 DAH, dramatically increased by 5 DAH, and then appeared constant until the end of observations, suggesting important role in utilizing the lipid from yolk at hatching, as well as probably in sparing protein utilization. Dramatic increase in amylase specific activity occurred by 10 DAH after which the activity was constant until 30 DAH, suggesting the utilization of carbohydrate as energy evolves comparatively late. Findings from the current study could be used to manage nutritional protocols according to the digestive enzyme patterns, as well as to develop artificial diets for rearing S. lessoniana.