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1.
Irrigation systems aim to meet multiple objectives and performance must therefore be assessed using quantifiable measures for each. It therefore becomes an extremely difficult task to capture the valuation of all of them simultaneously and to mentally process the trade-offs between them in order to arrive at an overall impression of system performance. There is a need for a methodology which provides a systematic approach to comparing and combining the components of overall performance.Multi-Attribute Utility Theory offers an attractive approach to assessing performance of irrigation systems in the form of a utility function which reflects the strength of preferences and trade-offs between individual performance criteria. The method is described and demonstrated on the basis of a case study of irrigation in Sudan. 相似文献
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Hadia OM Khair Ibrahim A Adam Shakir B Bushara Kamal H Eltom Nasreen O Musa Imadeldin E Aradaib 《Irish veterinary journal》2014,67(1):4
Background
Bluetongue virus (BTV) is an insect-transmitted virus, which causes bluetongue disease (BT) in sheep and a fatal hemorrhagic infection in North American white-tailed deer. However, in cattle the disease is typically asymptomatic and no overt clinical signs of disease appear to be associated with BTV infection. Serological evidence and isolation of different BTV serotypes have been reported in Sudan, however, no information is currently available in regard to previous exposure of Sudanese livestock to BTV infection in East Darfur State, Sudan.Aims
To determine the prevalence of BTV antibodies and to identify the potential risk factors associated with BTV infection among cattle in East Darfur State, Sudan.Methods
A total of 224 blood samples were collected randomly from five localities in East Darfur State, Sudan. The serum samples were screened for detection of BTV-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies using a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (c-ELISA).Results
Serological evidence of BTV infection was observed in 150 out of 224 animals accounting for a 67% prevalence rate among cattle in East Darfur State. Older cattle (>2 years of age) were six times more likely to be infected with BTV (OR = 6.62, CI = 2.87-15.26, p-value = 0.01). Regarding animal source (contact with other herds) as a risk factor, it was shown that cattle purchased from market or introduced from other herds were 3 times at higher risk of being infected with BTV (OR = 3.87, CI = 1.07-13.87, p value = 0.03). Exposure of cattle to the insect vector increased the risk of contracting BTV infection by six times compared to non-exposed cattle (OR = 6.44, CI = 1.53-27.08, p value = 0.01).Conclusion
The present study indicated that age, animal source and the intensity of the insect vector are influential risk factors for BTV infection in cattle in the Darfur region. Surveillance for BTV infection should be extended to include other susceptible ruminants and to study the distribution of the insect vectors to better predict and respond to a possible BTV outbreak in the State of East Darfur, Sudan. 相似文献5.
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C. Grenier P.J. Bramel J.A. Dahlberg A. El-Ahmadi M. Mahmoud G.C. Peterson D.T. Rosenow G. Ejeta 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2004,51(5):489-500
Sorghum [Sorghum
bicolor (L.) Moench] is a very important crop in the Sudan serving as a primary source of food, beverage, and total livelihood for millions of people in the country. The crop originated in the Northeast quadrant of Africa, and the Sudan is widely recognized as a major center of diversity. Although Sudanese sorghum germplasm has been assembled and stored over the last 50 years, careful analysis of this valuable germplasm has not been made. The objectives of this study were to assess phenotypic diversity and compare pattern of distribution among Sudanese sorghum landraces collected from different geographical regions. Phenotypic diversity among landraces was high, as expressed by the large range of variation for mean quantitative traits and the high (0.81) Shannon-Weaver diversity index. Landraces from Gezira-Gedarif tended to be shorter in stature, earlier in maturity and less sensitive to changes in photoperiod. They also had long, narrow and compact panicles that may result from adaptation to low rainfall and early adoption of mechanized farming practices. In contrast, taller and later maturing plant types characterized sorghums from Equatoria, most of which delayed their flowering in response to increased day-length. These sorghums included many genotypes with small and light kernels. Collections from Kassala showed a higher frequency of landraces with kernels that were more difficult to thresh. Landraces from Blue Nile tended to have greater agronomic eliteness with higher proportion of landraces with white kernels, poorly covered and that were easy to thresh. Sorghums from the Upper Nile tended to have loose panicles with poorly covered kernels that may result from adaptation to high rainfall of the Southern region. Although distinct distributions of types were represented by geographical origin, a high level of within-region diversity was present among all Sudanese sorghums. 相似文献
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[目的]建立高效液相色谱法测定指甲油中苏丹红Ⅱ、苏丹红Ⅳ含量的方法。[方法]采用HPLC法对指甲油中苏丹红Ⅱ、苏丹红Ⅳ进行含量测定。色谱条件为:C18柱(3.5μm,4.6 mm×150 mm),柱温30℃,流动相为乙腈-缓冲溶液梯度洗脱,流速1.0 ml/min,检测波长484 nm及514 nm切换。[结果]苏丹红Ⅱ、苏丹红Ⅳ色谱分离良好,浓度与峰面积呈良好线性关系,线性范围分别为苏丹红Ⅱ0~50.26μg/ml,r=0.999 8(n=6);苏丹红Ⅳ0~49.78μg/ml,r=0.999 9(n=6)。平均加样回收率分别为95.9%(n=9,RSD=2.87%)、87.7%(n=9,RSD=0.4%)。[结论]该方法测定了5批指甲油中苏丹红Ⅱ、苏丹红Ⅳ的含量,分离度好、快速、简便、重现性好。 相似文献
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探讨库尔勒香梨果园套种苏丹草对果园土壤性状的影响和产草量。果园内,分别设距树干0.5m处外和1.5m处外2个采样区,测定采样区内苏丹草产量和0~60cm土层的土壤容重及土壤养分。结果表明,离树干1.5m处外干草产量为2.25kg/m^2,显著高于离树干0.5m处外的1.34kg/m^2。离树干0.5m处外0~20、20~40cm土层地下生物量分别为81.26g/m^2、14.38g/m^2约为离树干1.5m处213.62g/m^2、32.89g/m^2的38.03%、56.27%,且90%以上的牧草根量分布在0~20cm的果园土层,苏丹草与果树的根系几乎无重叠现象。可见,香梨果园套种苏丹草对土壤性状及养分无负面影响,1a可以收草3次,其产草量可达大田产量的60%左右。 相似文献
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高粱—苏丹草杂交种的应用可行性研究及其选育 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
利用生产上推广的6个粒用高粱杂交种和4个高粱杂交种为对照,与随机组配的15个高粱-苏丹草杂交种进行比较。结果表明,高粱-苏丹草杂交种做饲用生产能力上仅次于甜高粱杂交种,但在早熟优质等若干特性上优于甜高粱,有些组合还高于甜高粱杂交种的生产能力。该类型杂交种干物质及绿色体的日生产能力高于甜杂2号21.1%和41.2%,原因是杂最高。 相似文献