Preliminary results of using in vitro axillary and adventitious buds in mutation breeding of Chinese gooseberry

Summary Aseptically cultured shoots of Chinese gooseberry exhibited growth disorder and morphological aberrances, and some died after being exposed to sufficient gamma-ray irradiation. The death rate was dose dependant and the LD₅₀ was 80–90 Gy and 50–60 Gy respectively for cv. Hayward and clone 4. All petiole explants irradiated with gamma-ray could form calli as the control, but the rate of differentiation of adventitious shoots of the petiole explants decreased and was dependant on dose. Sensitivity of the shoot or petiole explants to gamma-ray irradiation varied with species. Gamma-ray irradiation did not deter either the 2-node segments from producing axillary shoots M₁, M₂, and M₃ or the advantitious shoots originating in the petiole explants and the M₃ shoots from forming advantitious roots. Therefore, using aseptically cultured axillary or adventitious buds for mutation breeding of Chinese gooseberry is feasible. A bacterium surviving in the explants lessened the efficiency of these two in vitro techniques in mutation breeding of Chinese gooseberry.Abbreviations IAA 3-indole acetic acid - IBA -indole butyric acid - MS Murashige & Skoog (1962)     

Tissue Culture and Rapid Propagation of Actinidia chinensis

It has been briefly studied and reported that Actinidia chinensis , one of economic woody plants, has been bred with the method of plant tissue culture. Aim at the shortage of traditional plant tissue culture ways which ignored the refinement and transplant of test-tube seedling, it strengthen the study to breeding and management of Actinidia chinensis seedlings before they grow up and become mature seedlings. Through our explore, the transplant survive rate of tissue-culture seedlings attain to about 85%.This study is the improvement to traditional breeding seedling means and it is helpful to the rapid propagation of those economic woody plants.     

猕猴桃成熟果实中脂氧合酶基因的克隆

采用ＰＣＲ扩增方法,从成熟猕猴桃果实组织中克隆到一个８２４ｂｐ的脂氧合酶（ＬＯＸ）基因片段（ｐＫＬＣ１）,该片段含有２７５个氨基酸组成的开放阅读框架,它与拟南芥菜、黄瓜、豌豆、土豆、水稻、大豆、烟草和番茄的核苷酸同源性为５９．０％～７４．６％,氨基酸同源性为６３．１％～７６．３％。Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ杂交表明,ｐＫＬＣ１片段为一低拷贝数基因家族所编码。     

野生毛花猕猴桃剥皮型优系‘YH-3'

剥皮型优系‘YH-3''母树来源于江西省宜黄县境内的野生毛花猕猴桃（Actinidia eriantha Benth）优株，系从野生毛花猕猴桃群体中的自然变异选育而成。该优系具有花瓣粉红，果面白毛，果肉墨绿，易剥皮，高Vc等显著特征，表现品质优良，遗传性状稳定，丰产稳产，果实均匀，商品果率高，果实10月下旬成熟，耐热抗旱，适应性强，发展潜力大。     

猕猴桃辐射诱变效应的初步研究

用60Co-γ射线处理"和平红阳"和"和平一号"2个猕猴桃品种幼芽,并在猕猴桃成株上进行高位嫁接,对其辐射效应进行初步研究.结果表明:嫁接萌芽率变化的一般趋势是随着辐射剂量的加大而降低;随辐射强度的增加,使萌发芽的死亡率加大,导致最终成活枝的比例降低.参试品种的半致死剂量在50～75 Gy之间.辐射在引起猕猴桃幼芽生理损伤的同时,亦会诱发性状变异.2个品种的茎长、叶柄长、叶片宽等性状50 Gy处理和CK间的差异均达到显著水平,2 a试验取得一致的结果.而茎直径和叶片长度,不同品种及不同年份的表现不同.辐射处理会提高性状的变异系数,增加性状的变异度,为选择提供更丰富的变异材料.表明辐射诱变在猕猴桃品种改良中有重要的研究应用价值.     

中华猕猴桃单芽绿枝扦插试验

中华猴猕桃单芽绿枝扦插试验结果表明:1.采自组织培养的猕猴桃植株的插穗比采自嫁接植株的插穗更易生根,且发根早,根量大;2.插穗经不同浓度的吲哚丁酸(IBA)处理后可不同程度地促进生根,处理以100ppm浸泡插穗基部20小时为最佳.生根率可达100%.     

阔叶猕猴桃果实GalDH cDNA 克隆及其在大肠杆菌中的表达

 以猕猴桃属植物中果实维生素C含量最高的阔叶猕猴桃(Actinidia latifolia Merr. ) 果实为试 材, 经RT2PCR扩增获得约110 kb的L - 半乳糖脱氢酶cDNA片段。生物信息学分析表明, 该cDNA片段长为997 bp, 最大开放阅读框为960 bp, 可编码319 个氨基酸残基, 命名为A lGalDH, GenBank登录号为EU525846, 核苷酸序列及其推导的氨基酸序列与已知其它植物GalDH核苷酸、氨基酸序列间的同源性分别在76%和70%以上, 且具有醛酮还原酶的保守结构域。构建了其原核表达载体pET-A lGalDH并转化大肠杆菌BL21, 经0.1 mmol·L ^{- 1} IPTG诱导, 获得具有较高活性的表达融合蛋白6 ×His-AlGalDH。经Ni-His亲和磁珠分离纯化, 获得单一的融合目的蛋白条带, 测定其酶活为120 pmol·min^{- 1} ·mg^{- 1}。     

Varietal differences in phenolic content and astringency in skin and flesh of hardy kiwifruit resources in Japan

Varietal differences in the total phenolic content and astringency in the skin and flesh were determined among the cultivars and local collections of hardy kiwifruit with a ploidy variance found in Japan. The average values of the total phenolic content in the skin and flesh were 2.66 and 0.18 g 100 g⁻¹ FW, respectively. There were large varietal differences in the total phenolic content in the skin in the range of 1.3–5.0 g 100 g⁻¹ FW. Kochi (tetraploid), while Gassan and ‘Mitsuko’ (hexaploid) contained a larger amount of total phenolics. High astringency was found in Gassan, ‘Mitsuko’ and ‘Hoko’ (hexaploids) and Kochi. HPLC analysis showed that the major components of phenolics in the flesh were (+)-catechin, chlorogenic acid, rutin, (−)-epicatechin and quercetin.     

红阳猕猴桃茎段愈伤组织诱导成苗技术

以红阳猕猴桃为试材 ,通过田间植株茎段愈伤组织诱导、分化培养 ,研究其成苗技术 ,试验发现 ,MS +BA 1 0mg·L-1+NAA 0 1mg·L-1可以获得 88%的愈伤组织诱导率 ,而且所得到的愈伤组织易于分化成苗。在MS +BA 2 0mg·L-1+NAA 0 1mg·L-1中 ,芽分化率达到 5 6 6 %。 1/ 2MS +NAA 0 2mg·L-1为生根培养基     

复合经营猕猴桃光合日变化的初步研究

猕猴桃叶片光合速率日变化呈双峰曲线，不同龄叶片具有不同的光合速率。套种植物狗尾草、美洲黑杨和印尼大豆的光合速率日变化也基本呈一双峰曲线。套种可以明显降低中午猕猴桃光合“午睡”，增加光合速率与各环境因素的相关性，从空间上和时间上更充分地利用光能，从而改善猕猴桃冠幕微气候，提高光能利用率。