泥鳅最适生长的营养素需要量研究

应用正交设计法L9(34)配制9组饲料,制成蛋白质含量为25%、30%、35%,脂肪含量为4%、8%、12%,糖含量为20%、25%、30%,纤维素含量为1.6%~2.0%、2.0%~2.4%、2.4%~2.8%的9种泥鳅幼鱼配合饲料,进行为期38 d的饲养试验,测定初始体重为(1.23±0.09)g泥鳅幼鱼对蛋白质、脂肪、糖和纤维素四大营养素的需要量。结果表明:蛋白质对泥鳅体长生长比速和体重生长比速的影响最大,是主要营养素(P0.05)。泥鳅体脂肪受营养素脂肪水平的显著影响(P0.05),泥鳅体脂肪随营养素脂肪水平的增加而升高,水分则随营养素脂肪的增加而下降,营养素蛋白质、糖和纤维素对泥鳅体组成的作用不明显。泥鳅最适生长所需饲料中蛋白质、脂肪、糖和纤维素含量分别为35%、8%、25%和1.6%~2.0%。     

大刺鳅幼鱼配合饲料中适宜蛋白质、蛋氨酸和脂肪水平研究

为确定大刺鳅(Mastacembelus aculeatus)幼鱼配合饲料中蛋白质水平(Protein content)、蛋氨酸(Methionine content)和脂肪(Fat content)含量水平,优化大刺鳅幼鱼饲料配方,采用正交表L_9(3~4)设计,以蛋白质、蛋氨酸及脂肪为因素,设置3个水平,探讨不同水平组合对大刺鳅幼鱼生长性能及形态学指标的影响。结果表明,三种配合饲料营养成分对大刺鳅幼鱼生长性能有显著影响(P0.05),而对形态学指标影响不显著(P0.05)。蛋白质含量50%、蛋氨酸含量1.7%、脂肪含量4%时,大刺鳅幼鱼的增重率、特定生长率、蛋白质效率分别为177.38%、1.65%、2.65%,除与蛋白质含量50%、蛋氨酸含量2.0%、脂肪含量8%处理组差异不显著外(P0.05),与其余各组差异显著(P0.05)。蛋白质含量50%、蛋氨酸含量2.0%、脂肪含量8%时,饵料系数最低,达0.92。以增重率及饵料系数为考察指标,通过对实验结果的直观分析、层次分析和方差分析显示,各因素对正交试验的指标值影响的主次顺序为蛋白质水平蛋氨酸脂肪,大刺鳅幼鱼配方饲料蛋白质、蛋氨酸及脂肪最佳配比为50%、1.7%、8%。     

不同蛋白质和脂肪水平饲料对拉氏幼鱼生长、体成分和免疫力的影响

为探讨不同蛋白质和脂肪水平饲料对拉氏幼鱼生长、体成分和免疫力的影响,以鱼粉和豆粕为蛋白质源,以豆油为脂肪源,配制蛋白质水平分别为23%、28%、33%、38%,脂肪水平分别为5%、8%、11%的12种半精制饲料,饲喂初始均重为(27.60±0.13)g的拉氏幼鱼。每种饲料投喂3个网箱(重复),每个网箱放养30尾试验鱼,进行60 d的养殖试验。结果表明:饲料蛋白质水平对拉氏幼鱼的增重率(WGR)、特定生长率(SGR)、蛋白质效率(PER)和饲料系数(FCR)有显著影响(P0.05),饲料脂肪水平对拉氏幼鱼的PER和FCR有显著影响(P0.05),但饲料蛋白质和脂肪水平对各生长性能指标无显著的交互作用(P0.05)。23%和28%蛋白质组的W GR和SGR显著高于33%和38%蛋白质组(P0.05),8%脂肪组的FCR显著低于11%脂肪组(P0.05),与5%脂肪组差异不显著(P0.05)。随着饲料中蛋白质水平的升高,全鱼粗蛋白质、粗脂肪和粗灰分含量都呈现出先升高后降低的趋势,在蛋白质水平为28%时达到最高值,而全鱼水分含量不受饲料蛋白质水平的影响(P0.05)。随着饲料中脂肪水平的升高,全鱼粗脂肪含量呈现升高的趋势,但8%和11%脂肪组差异不显著(P0.05)。嗜水气单胞菌攻毒48 h后,低、中蛋白质组(23%和28%蛋白质组)的存活率高于高蛋白质组(33%和38%蛋白质组),低脂肪组(5%脂肪组)的存活率高于其他2个脂肪组(8%和11%组)。综合以上研究结果得出,拉氏幼鱼饲料的适宜蛋能比为23.67~26.03 mg/k J,蛋白质水平为23%~28%,脂肪水平为5%~8%。     

饲料中蛋白质和脂肪水平对胭脂鱼生长性能及体组成的影响

本试验采用3×3因子设计,通过探讨饲料中蛋白质和脂肪水平对胭脂鱼生长性能及体组成的影响,确定胭脂鱼饲料中蛋白质和脂肪的适宜水平。试验设计3个蛋白质水平(35%、40%和45%)和3个脂肪水平(6%、8%和10%),共配制9种试验饲料,饲喂平均体重为(16.40±0.02)g的胭脂鱼幼鱼8周。每种试验饲料随机饲喂3个水泥池,每个水泥池放养胭脂鱼幼鱼30尾。结果表明:饲料中蛋白质和脂肪水平对胭脂鱼的增重率、特定生长率、饲料系数和蛋白质效率均有显著影响(P0.05),但二者对上述指标无显著的交互作用(P0.05)。35%蛋白质组的增重率、特定生长率和蛋白质效率显著低于40%和45%蛋白质组(P0.05),而饲料系数的变化趋势则相反。6%脂肪组的增重率和特定生长率均显著低于8%和10%脂肪组(P0.05),6%和8%脂肪组的饲料系数显著高于10%脂肪组(P0.05),而蛋白质效率则与饲料系数的变化趋势相反。当饲料蛋白质水平从35%提高到40%时,全鱼的粗蛋白质和粗脂肪含量显著上升(P0.05);饲料脂肪水平越高,全鱼粗脂肪含量越高,全鱼水分含量则相反。饲料中蛋白质水平显著影响全鱼缬氨酸、异亮氨酸、组氨酸、谷氨酸、必需氨基酸以及总氨基酸含量(P0.05),饲料中脂肪水平仅显著影响全鱼精氨酸含量(P0.05)。饲料中蛋白质和脂肪水平对胭脂鱼全鱼脂肪酸组成的影响较小,仅观察到全鱼饱和脂肪酸中的C14∶0和C18∶0含量有一定的变化。由结果可知,胭脂鱼饲料中适宜的蛋白质和脂肪水平分别为40%和6%~8%。     

长期饥饿后异育银鲫对饲料蛋白质的需求

为研究长期饥饿后异育银鲫幼鱼对饲料蛋白质的需求水平及适应策略,本试验首先对异育银鲫幼鱼[(11.6±0.4)g]持续饥饿处理90 d,期间水温(15.2±2.0)℃,随后分别采用20%(P20)、25%(P25)、30%(P30)、35%(P35)和40%(P40)蛋白质水平饲料(每组设置3个平行,每个平行40尾)恢复投喂56 d,期间水温(24.4±2.2)℃,监测饥饿和恢复投喂期间形体指标、脏器系数、体成分、肠道消化酶活性的变化。结果表明:1)饥饿90 d后,鱼体体重显著下降(P0.05),肝脏系数和肠长系数显著降低(P0.05),肠道蛋白酶、淀粉酶、脂肪酶活性显著降低(P0.05),鱼体水分和粗灰分含量显著上升(P0.05),粗脂肪和粗蛋白质含量显著下降(P0.05)。2)恢复投喂后,第14天时,各组体重无显著差异(P0.05);第28天时,P20组体重显著低于P30、P35、P40组(P0.05),第42和56天时,P35和P40组体重显著高于其他组(P0.05),且这2组特定生长率和饲料系数接近。3)恢复投喂第56天,P20组鱼体粗蛋白质含量显著低于其他组(P0.05),P20和P25组鱼体粗脂肪含量显著低于其他组(P0.05),P20和P25组粗灰分含量显著高于其他组(P0.05),P20和P25组鱼体水分含量显著高于P35和P40组(P0.05)。4)恢复投喂后,肠道消化酶活性逐渐增强;蛋白酶活性随饲料蛋白质水平升高而升高,第28天P35、P40组显著高于其他组(P0.05),第56天P40组显著高于其他组(P0.05);淀粉酶活性随饲料蛋白质水平升高而降低,第28天P35、P40组显著低于其他组(P0.05),第56天P30、P35、P40组显著低于其他组(P0.05)。结果提示,长期饥饿后异育银鲫幼鱼对不同蛋白质水平饲料的利用及适应过程有较大差异;恢复投喂初期,饲料蛋白质水平对生长影响不大,机体摄食及消化功能逐渐恢复后,较高蛋白质水平(35%~40%)可有效促进生长,回归分析获得理论最适饲料蛋白质水平为38.1%。     

饲料脂肪水平对大鳞副泥鳅幼鱼生长性能、消化酶活性及抗氧化能力的影响

本试验旨在研究饲料脂肪水平对大鳞副泥鳅幼鱼生长性能、消化酶活性及抗氧化能力的影响。选用初始体重为(0.15±0.01)g的大鳞副泥鳅幼鱼1 620尾,随机分成6组,每组3个重复,每个重复90尾鱼,分别投喂脂肪水平为2.50%、4.49%、6.48%、8.47%、10.46%和12.45%的试验饲料,养殖时间为60 d。结果表明:大鳞副泥鳅幼鱼的特定生长率(SGR)在饲料脂肪水平为8.47%时最高,为4.99%/d,除与10.46%组差异不显著(P0.05)外,显著高于其余各试验组(P0.05);饲料系数(FCR)在饲料脂肪水平为8.47%时最低,为1.09,除与10.46%组差异不显著(P0.05)外,显著低于其余各试验组(P0.05)。通过二次多项式回归分析可知,大鳞副泥鳅幼鱼SGR、FCR最优时饲料脂肪水平分别为9.18%、9.00%。随着饲料脂肪水平的升高,大鳞副泥鳅幼鱼肝胰脏及前肠蛋白酶、脂肪酶活性均呈先升高后降低的变化趋势,且均在8.47%组达到最高值,除与10.46%组差异不显著(P0.05)外,显著高于其余各试验组(P0.05);肝胰脏和前肠淀粉酶的活性则呈先下降后逐渐趋于稳定的趋势。随着饲料脂肪水平的升高,肝胰脏超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶活性均呈先升高后降低的变化趋势,且均在8.47%组达到最高值,除与10.46%组差异不显著(P0.05)外,显著高于其余各试验组(P0.05)。由此得出,适宜的饲料脂肪水平可促进大鳞副泥鳅幼鱼的生长,提高其蛋白酶与脂肪酶活性和抗氧化能力。本试验条件下,综合考虑大鳞副泥鳅幼鱼生长性能、消化酶活性和抗氧化能力,其饲料的适宜脂肪水平为8.47%~10.46%。     

云纹石斑鱼幼鱼对高能低氮饲料的适应性

为研究云纹石斑鱼幼鱼对高能低氮饲料的适应性,采用双因素试验设计,设蛋白质水平分别为35%(P35)、40%(P40)、45%(P45),脂肪水平分别为9%(L9)、12%(L12)、15%(L15),共配制9种试验饲料,依次标记为P35L9、P35L12、P35L15、P40L9、P40L12、P40L15、P45L9、P45L12、P45L15。选取初始平均体重为27.09 g的云纹石斑鱼幼鱼810尾,随机分为9组,每组设置3个重复,每个重复30尾,饲喂9周后测定其生长性能、肌肉营养组成和血清生化指标。结果表明:1)随着饲料蛋白质和脂肪水平的升高,云纹石斑鱼幼鱼的增重率和特定生长率先升高后降低,且饲料蛋白质和脂肪水平间有显著的交互作用(P0.05),以P40L12组的增重率和特定生长率最高,分别为184.59%和1.49%/d;饲料系数、摄食率和蛋白质效率随着饲料蛋白质和脂肪水平的升高逐渐降低,且饲料蛋白质与脂肪水平对其有显著的交互作用(P0.05);各组试验鱼成活率差异不显著(P0.05)。2)饲料脂肪水平对肌肉粗脂肪含量的影响显著(P0.05),最高值出现在L15组;饲料蛋白质、脂肪水平及其交互作用对肌肉粗蛋白质、水分和粗灰分的含量无显著影响(P0.05)。3)血清中谷草转氨酶活性随饲料脂肪水平的升高而升高,L15组活性最高(121.98 U/L),与L9组存在显著差异(P0.05);血清中谷丙转氨酶活性随饲料蛋白质水平的升高而升高,在P45组出现最高值(89.79 U/L);血清中总胆固醇含量和饲料脂肪水平呈显著的正相关(P0.05),但不受饲料蛋白质水平的显著影响(P0.05);血清中尿素氮和饲料蛋白质水平呈显著的负相关(P0.05),P35组尿素氮含量为1.97 mmol/L,显著高于其他蛋白质水平组(P0.05);饲料蛋白质、脂肪水平及其交互作用对血清中碱性磷酸酶活性及低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇及甘油三酯的含量无显著影响(P0.05)。结果显示:在本试验条件下,饲料蛋白质水平为40%和脂肪水平为12%时云纹石斑鱼幼鱼的生长效果最好,饲料的利用率较高。     

饲料蛋白质水平对大刺鳅幼鱼生长性能、消化酶和肝转氨酶活性的影响

采用60 d的单因素饲养试验,探讨饲料蛋白质水平分别为35%、38%、41%、44%、47%、50%、53%对体质量为(5.21±0.15)g的大刺鳅(Mastacembelus aculeatus)幼鱼生长性能、消化酶和肝转氨酶活性的影响,以探明大刺鳅幼鱼配合饲料适宜蛋白质水平。试验结果表明:饲料蛋白质水平对大刺鳅幼鱼存活率的影响不显著(P>0.05)。与35%~38%蛋白质组相比,当饲料蛋白质水平为50%时,大刺鳅幼鱼增重率、特定生长率和蛋白质效率获得最大值,饲料系数获得最小值,分别为116.7%、1.55%/d、203.29%和0.99,差异显著(P<0.05)。随蛋白质水平升高,大刺鳅幼鱼胃蛋白酶、肠道胰蛋白酶及淀粉酶呈先上升后平稳趋势,50%蛋白质组的酶活性最高,为14.49、4 374.67 U/mg prot.和1.02 U/mg prot.。肝脏胰蛋白酶及淀粉酶活性分别在50%、53%蛋白质组达到最高,与35%~41%蛋白质组显著差异(P<0.05),谷丙转氨酶及谷草转氨酶均随饲料蛋白质水平的增加而升高,表明大刺鳅幼鱼体内蛋白质代谢活力随饲料蛋白质水平升高而增强,鱼体对蛋白质及氨基酸的利用率有一定提高。通过饲料中蛋白质含量与生长速率指标的回归分析,大刺鳅幼鱼饲料蛋白质的适宜含量为50.7%~52.5%。     

饲料中不同蛋能比对黄金鲫幼鱼生长和体组成的影响

试验旨在研究不同蛋白能量比的饲料对黄金鲫幼鱼生长和体组成的影响。以初始体重为（7.50±0.02）g的黄金鲫幼鱼为试验对象,随机分为9组,每组设3个重复,每个重复30尾鱼,分别投喂由3种不同的蛋白水平（30%、35%、40%）和3种不同的脂肪水平（6%、8%、10%）组成的9种不同蛋能比（从21.6~30.9 mg/kJ）的试验饲料,进行为期8周的生长试验。结果表明,饲料蛋白水平显著影响黄金鲫的生长、饲料效率和蛋白质效率（P<0.01）,随着饲料蛋白含量的增加,黄金鲫的增重率和特定生长率显著提高,最高值均发生在蛋白/脂肪为40/10（29.2 mg/kJ）组,显著高于饲料蛋白含量为30%的各组（P<0.05）,与蛋白含量为35%的各组之间没有显著差异（P>0.05）。同样的,饲料效率随着蛋白含量的增加也显著提高,蛋白/脂肪为35/8（26.5 mg/kJ）和40/10组的饲料效率最高。蛋白质效率最高值发生在蛋白/脂肪为35/8组,显著高于蛋白含量为40%的处理组,但与其它组没有显著差异。饲料不同蛋能比对鱼体水分没有显著影响,鱼体脂肪含量与饲料脂肪含量正相关。综合试验结果,黄金鲫适宜的蛋能比水平为25.5~26.5 mg/kJ,蛋白质为35%,脂肪为6%~8%。     

饲料蛋白质水平对尼罗罗非鱼幼鱼生长性能、体组成、血液学指标和肝脏非特异性免疫指标的影响

本试验旨在探讨饲料蛋白质水平对尼罗罗非鱼幼鱼生长性能、体组成、血液学指标和肝脏非特异性免疫指标的影响。以鱼粉、豆粕、棉籽粕、菜籽粕、酪蛋白和明胶为蛋白质源配制成蛋白质水平分别为25%、30%、35%、40%和45%的5种等能饲料(脂肪水平均为9%)。选取初始平均体质量为(4.70±0.01)g的尼罗罗非鱼幼鱼300尾,随机分为5组,每组3个重复,每个重复20尾鱼。试验期为10周。结果表明:饲料蛋白质水平对终末体质量、增重率、特定生长率、饲料系数、成活率、肥满度、肝体比和内脏比均未产生显著影响(P>0.05)。随饲料蛋白质水平的增加,蛋白质效率显著降低(P<0.05),蛋白质沉积率呈现先升高后下降的趋势。饲料蛋白质水平对全鱼水分、粗蛋白质和灰分含量无显著影响(P>0.05),而对全鱼粗脂肪含量有显著影响(P<0.05)。蛋白质水平为25%的组全鱼粗脂肪含量显著高于其他各组(P<0.05)。饲料蛋白质水平对全血中白细胞计数、红细胞计数和红细胞压积无显著影响(P>0.05),而对全血中血红蛋白含量有显著影响(P<0.05)。蛋白质水平为40%的组全血中血红蛋白含量显著高于蛋白质水平为25%的组(P<0.05)。饲料蛋白质水平对血清中肌酐、总蛋白、白蛋白、球蛋白、甘油三酯和胆固醇含量以及碱性磷酸酶活性均无显著影响(P>0.05)。蛋白质水平为25%的组肝脏中溶菌酶活性最低,显著低于其他各组(P<0.05)。肝脏中超氧化物歧化酶活性各组间无显著差异(P>0.05)。肝脏中过氧化氢酶活性随饲料蛋白质水平的增加呈现先上升后下降的趋势,以蛋白质水平为25%的组最低,显著低于蛋白质水平为35%和45%的组(P<0.05)。蛋白质水平为45%的组肝脏中丙二醛含量显著高于其他各组(P<0.05)。由此可知,在饲料脂肪水平为9%条件下,饲料蛋白质水平为25%时即可满足尼罗罗非鱼幼鱼的生长需求,但适当提高饲料蛋白质水平可在一定程度上提高尼罗罗非鱼幼鱼的非特异性免疫功能。     

Comparisons of Angus, Charolais, Galloway, Hereford, Longhorn, Nellore, Piedmontese, Salers, and Shorthorn breeds for weight, weight adjusted for condition score, height, and condition score of cows

Breed differences for weight (CW), height (CH), and condition score (CS) were estimated from records (n = 12,188) of 2- to 6-yr-old cows (n = 744) from Cycle IV of the U.S. Meat Animal Research Center's Germplasm Evaluation (GPE) Program. Cows were produced from mating Angus and Hereford dams to Angus, Hereford, Charolais, Shorthorn, Galloway, Longhorn, Nellore, Piedmontese, and Salers sires. Samples of Angus and Hereford sires were 1) reference sires born from 1962 through 1970 and 2) 1980s sires born in 1980 through 1987. The mixed model included cow age, season of measurement and their interactions, year of birth, pregnancy-lactation code (PL), and breedgroup as fixed effects for CW and CS. Analyses of weight adjusted for condition score included CS as a linear covariate. The model for CH excluded PL. Random effects were additive genetic and permanent environmental effects associated with the cow. Differences among breed groups were significant (P < 0.05) for all traits and were maintained through maturity with few interchanges in ranking. The order of F1 cows for weight was as follows: Charolais (506 to 635 kg for different ages), Shorthorn and Salers, reciprocal Hereford-Angus (HA) with 1980s sires, Nellore, HA with reference sires, Galloway, Piedmontese, and Longhorn (412 to 525 kg for different ages). Order for height was as follows: Nellore (136 to 140 cm), Charolais, Shorthorn, Salers, HA with 1980s sires, Piedmontese, Longhorn, Galloway and HA with reference sires (126 to 128 cm). Hereford and Angus cows with reference sires were generally lighter than those with 1980s sires. In general, breed differences for height followed those for weight except that F1 Nellore cows were tallest, which may in part be due to Bos taurus-Bos indicus heterosis for size.     

Supplementation of broodmares with copper, zinc, iron, manganese, cobalt, iodine, and selenium

In experiment 1, 6 pregnant mares received a concentrate that contained a trace mineral premix that provided 14.3 mg Cu, 40 mg Zn, 28 mg Fe, 28 mg Mn, 0.08 mg Co, 0.16 mg I, and 0.16 mg Se/kg concentrate (group A). Seven mares received the same concentrate plus 502 mg Zn and 127 mg Cu once daily (group B). No differences (P > .05) in foal growth data, or Cu, Zn, and Fe concentrations of mare milk, mare serum, or foal serum were observed. In experiment 2, 6 pregnant mares received the same concentrate as group A (group C), and 8 mares received the same concentrate fortified with 4× the trace mineral premix (group D). Group C mares had higher serum Zn concentration at 1 day (P < 0.01) and 56 days (P < 0.04). Group C mares had higher milk Fe concentration at 28 days (P < .01), and group D mares had higher milk Cu concentration at 56 days (P < .01). Group C foals had higher serum Cu concentration at 14 days (P < .03). The results from this study provide no evidence to indicate that supplementing late gestating and lactating mares with higher dietary trace mineral levels than those recommended currently by NRC has any influence on foal growth and development, or on the Cu, Zn, and Fe concentrations of the mare milk, mare serum, or foal serum.     

Concentrations of strontium,barium, cadmium,copper, zinc,manganese, chromium,antimony, selenium,and lead in the liver and kidneys of dogs according to age,gender, and the occurrence of chronic kidney disease

This study was conducted to measure the concentrations of strontium (Sr), barium (Ba), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), chromium (Cr), antimony (Sb), selenium (Se), and lead (Pb) in canine liver, renal cortex, and renal medulla, and the association of these concentrations with age, gender, and occurrence of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Tissues from 50 dogs were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Cu, Zn, and Mn levels were highest in the liver followed by the renal cortex and renal medulla. The highest Sr, Cd, and Se concentrations were measured in the renal cortex while lower levels were found in the renal medulla and liver. Female dogs had higher tissue concentrations of Sr (liver and renal medulla), Cd (liver), Zn (liver and renal cortex), Cr (liver, renal cortex, and renal medulla), and Pb (liver) than male animals. Except for Mn and Sb, age-dependent variations were observed for all element concentrations in the canine tissues. Hepatic Cd and Cr concentrations were higher in dogs with CKD. In conclusion, the present results provide new knowledge about the storage of specific elements in canine liver and kidneys, and can be considered important reference data for diagnostic methods and further investigations.     

电感耦合等离子-质谱法测定饲料中钠、镁、铬、锰、铁、铜、锌、砷、硒、镉和铅

应用电感耦合等离子-质谱技术(ICP-MS),建立饲料中钠、镁、铬、锰、铁、铜、锌、砷、硒、镉和铅等元素的测定方法。对饲料样品的前处理方法、仪器工作参数和11种元素标准曲线进行优化;并以加标回收、分析方法比对和重复测试说明方法的准确性和精密性。方法在0～1 000 ng/ml范围内线性良好,仪器检出限为0.557 7～5.072 ng/ml,具有良好的精密度,其回收率在88.1%～104.4%之间,相对标准偏差小于5.0%。同时与原子吸收和原子荧光方法进行比对,测定结果相近。所建立的方法简单、快速,可替代原子吸收和原子荧光方法测定饲料中的11种金属元素,为饲料的质量控制提供理想的元素分析方法。     

Granulocyte isolation from whole blood of goat, sheep, cattle, horse, dog, pig, and man

A simple two step procedure for the isolation of caprine, ovine, bovine, equine, canine, porcine and human peripheral blood granulocytes is described. After enrichment of granulocytes by centrifugation, contaminating erythrocytes are lysed hypotonically. Recovery, purity, and viability of the granulocyte suspensions are determined. FACScan analysis of the cell suspensions measuring cellular size by forward and sideward light scatter is compared with the corresponding analysis of whole blood leukocytes. Constituencies of the isolated cell suspensions and loss of granulocyte subpopulations through isolation procedure is discussed with regard to granulocyte function assays.     

Department of Clinical Veterinary Practices, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Dublin, Trinity College, Ballsbridge, Dublin 4

Circular excised skin wounds in the thoracic and metatarsal regions of the dog were studied. A similar sequence of events took place in the two regions although differences did occur due to the different reactions of the tissues which surrounded the wounds. None of the wound cavities became filled with exudate during the early stages of healing. In the thoracic wounds the cavities were largely filled by the swelling and inward movement of adipose tissue. Epithelium first grew on the wound surface in the sector of the wound that was situated in the direction of hair flow. The average time to complete epithelization was similar in both sets of wounds. A zone of alopecia developed around the wounds.