不同蛋白质和脂肪水平饲料对拉氏幼鱼生长、体成分和免疫力的影响 |
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引用本文: | 蒋湘辉,骆小年,金广海,李敬伟,刘义新,杨培民,张健.不同蛋白质和脂肪水平饲料对拉氏幼鱼生长、体成分和免疫力的影响[J].动物营养学报,2016(3):864-871. |
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作者姓名: | 蒋湘辉 骆小年 金广海 李敬伟 刘义新 杨培民 张健 |
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作者单位: | 辽宁省淡水水产科学研究院,辽宁省水生动物病害防治重点实验室,辽阳 111000 |
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基金项目: | 辽宁省农业攻关及产业化项目---渔业新品种引进、开发(2015103049);渔业新品种选育与健康养殖技术(2011203003) |
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摘 要: | 为探讨不同蛋白质和脂肪水平饲料对拉氏幼鱼生长、体成分和免疫力的影响,以鱼粉和豆粕为蛋白质源,以豆油为脂肪源,配制蛋白质水平分别为23%、28%、33%、38%,脂肪水平分别为5%、8%、11%的12种半精制饲料,饲喂初始均重为(27.60±0.13)g的拉氏幼鱼。每种饲料投喂3个网箱(重复),每个网箱放养30尾试验鱼,进行60 d的养殖试验。结果表明:饲料蛋白质水平对拉氏幼鱼的增重率(WGR)、特定生长率(SGR)、蛋白质效率(PER)和饲料系数(FCR)有显著影响(P0.05),饲料脂肪水平对拉氏幼鱼的PER和FCR有显著影响(P0.05),但饲料蛋白质和脂肪水平对各生长性能指标无显著的交互作用(P0.05)。23%和28%蛋白质组的W GR和SGR显著高于33%和38%蛋白质组(P0.05),8%脂肪组的FCR显著低于11%脂肪组(P0.05),与5%脂肪组差异不显著(P0.05)。随着饲料中蛋白质水平的升高,全鱼粗蛋白质、粗脂肪和粗灰分含量都呈现出先升高后降低的趋势,在蛋白质水平为28%时达到最高值,而全鱼水分含量不受饲料蛋白质水平的影响(P0.05)。随着饲料中脂肪水平的升高,全鱼粗脂肪含量呈现升高的趋势,但8%和11%脂肪组差异不显著(P0.05)。嗜水气单胞菌攻毒48 h后,低、中蛋白质组(23%和28%蛋白质组)的存活率高于高蛋白质组(33%和38%蛋白质组),低脂肪组(5%脂肪组)的存活率高于其他2个脂肪组(8%和11%组)。综合以上研究结果得出,拉氏幼鱼饲料的适宜蛋能比为23.67~26.03 mg/k J,蛋白质水平为23%~28%,脂肪水平为5%~8%。
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关 键 词: | 拉氏 幼鱼 蛋白质 脂肪 生长 体成分 免疫力 |
Effects of Different Protein and Lipid Level Diets on Growth,Body Composition and Immunity of Juvenile Phoxinus lagowskii |
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Abstract: | To evaluate the effects of different protein and lipid level diets on growth, body composition and im-munity of juvenile Phoxinus lagowskii, twelve practical diets were formulated to contain 23%, 28%, 33%, 38%of protein supplied with fish meal and soybean meal, and 5%, 8%, 11%of lipid supplied with soybean oil, respectively.Each diet was fed to 3 net cages for 60 d, and each net cage had 30 juvenile Phoxinus lagowskii with an initial average body weight of (27.60±0.13) g.The results showed that protein level signifi-cantly affected weight gain rate ( WGR) , special growth rate ( SGR) , protein efficiency ratio ( PER) and feed conversion rate ( FCR) ( P<0.05) , and lipid level significantly affected PER and FCR ( P<0.05) .No signifi-cant interactions between dietary protein and lipid levels existed for growth performance indices ( P>0.05). The WGR and SGR of fish in 23%and 28%protein groups were significantly higher than those in 33%and 38%groups ( P<0.05); whereas, the FCR of fish in 8%lipid group was significantly lower than that in 11%lipid group ( P<0.05) , but there was no significant difference between 8%and 5%lipid groups ( P>0.05) . With the increase of protein level, the crude protein, crude lipid and ash contents of whole body were firstly in-creased and then depressed, and the highest values of them were found when protein level was 28%.While moisture content of whole body was not significantly affected by dietary protein level ( P>0.05) .With the in-crease of lipid level, the crude lipid content of whole body showed an increasing trend, but no significant difference was found between 8%and 11%lipid groups ( P>0.05) .The survival rate in low and middle pro-tein groups ( 23%and 28%protein groups) was higher than that in high protein groups ( 33%and 38%protein groups) at 48 h after injecting Aeromonas hydrophila ( P<0.05) .The survival rate in low lipid group ( 5%lip-id group) was higher than that in other 2 groups ( 8%and 11%lipid groups) at 48 h after injecting Aeromonas hydrophila.In conclusion, the overall results in this study suggest that diet containing 23%to 28%protein and 5%to 8%lipid with a protein to energy ratio of 23.67 to 26.03 mg/kJ is suitable for juvenile Phoxinus lagowskii. |
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Keywords: | juvenile Phoxinus lagowskii protein lipid growth body composition immunity |
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