穿心莲对肉鸡淋巴细胞活性及白细胞吞噬功能影响

试验肉鸡于1日龄随机分为7个试验组，A组为1％超微粉；B组为2％超微粉；C组为0．2％浓缩颗粒（1g浓缩颗粒相当于5g生药）；D组为0．4％浓缩颗粒；E组为1％浓缩颗粒；F组为2％细粉；G组为不加中药的空白对照在试验的第14、21、28、35、42天分别采血，进行指标测定，观察不同剂型穿心莲对肉鸡细胞免疫的影响试验结果表明，穿心莲对肉鸡淋巴细胞活性及白细胞活性（吞噬率和吞噬指数）有显著的提高作用（P〈0．05），同时，穿心莲超微粉和浓缩颗粒提高细胞免疫的效果优于细粉；相同剂量下，超微粉的效果有优于浓缩颗粒的趋势。     

穿心莲对肉鸡淋巴细胞活性及白细胞吞噬功能影响的研究

本试验研究了不同剂型穿心莲对肉鸡细胞免疫的影响.将1日龄肉鸡随机分为七个试验组,处理如下:A组为1%超微粉;B组为2%超微粉;C组为0.2%浓缩颗粒(1g浓缩颗粒相当于5g生药);D组为0.4%浓缩颗粒;E组为1%浓缩颗粒;F组为2%细粉;G组为不加中药的空白对照.在试验的第14、21,28、35、42 d分别采血,进行淋巴细胞转化率、白细胞吞噬率及吞噬指数测定.试验结果表明,穿心莲对肉鸡淋巴细胞活性及白细胞活性(吞噬率和吞噬指数)有显著的提高作用(P＜0.05).同时,穿心莲超微粉和浓缩颗粒提高细胞免疫的效果优于细粉;相同剂量下,超微粉的效果有优于浓缩颗粒的趋势.     

不同剂型、剂量穿心莲对肉鸡生长的影响

研究不同剂型、剂量穿心莲对肉鸡生长性能的影响及其毒副作用。试验对肉鸡的增重、料肉比和血液生化指标（丙氨酸氨基转移酶、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶）进行了测定。试验仔鸡于1日龄随机分为不同剂型、剂量的7个试验组，在试验的第14、21、28、35、42是采血测定观察指标。结果表明，穿心莲超微粉和浓缩颗粒促生长效果显著优于细粉（P〈0．05），且相同剂量下．超微粉的效果优于浓缩颗粒．因此，当穿心莲混饲给药时．超微粉是三者中的首选剂型；穿心莲在添加后期能显著提高向鸡的体重（P〈0．05），并能降低料由比．上速效果存在一定的量效关系；用药组血清ALT、AST与对照组相比差组异不显著（P〉0．05）．说明穿心莲连续用药38d对内鸡肝功能无不电影响。     

中药穿心莲对新城疫HI抗体滴度的影响

1日龄肉仔鸡随机分为A、B、C、D、E、F、G7个试验组，每组组内设2个重复小组，每个重复小组35只鸡。A、B、C、D、E、F试验组添加穿心莲，G组不添加。各组均对新城疫进行首免和二免。结果发现，穿心莲能显著提高肉鸡的新城疫HI抗体滴度水平。另外。穿心莲的抗体滴度水平有一定的剂量依赖性，随着剂量的上升效果有提高的趋势。     

中药穿心莲对新城疫HI抗体滴度的影响

1日龄肉仔鸡随机分为A、B、C、D、E、F、G7个试验组,每组组内设2个重复小组,每个重复小组35只鸡。A、B、C、D、E、F试验组添加穿心莲,G组不添加。各组均对新城疫进行首免和二免。结果发现,穿心莲能显著提高肉鸡的新城疫HI抗体滴度水平。另外,穿心莲的抗体滴度水平有一定的剂量依赖性,随着剂量的上升效果有提高的趋势。     

不同酵母多糖添加水平对肉鸡免疫功能的影响

为研究日粮中不同酵母多糖添加水平对肉鸡免疫功能的影响,试验将240只1日龄健康AA肉鸡随机分为4组,每组6个重复,每个重复10只。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组在基础日粮中分别添加0.1%、0.2%、0.3%的酵母多糖。结果表明:与对照组相比,日粮中添加酵母多糖显著增加肉鸡胸腺指数、42日龄外周血淋巴细胞刺激指数、42日龄血清溶菌酶活性及28、35和42日龄血清新城疫病毒HI抗体效价(P0.05);与其他组相比,0.2%酵母多糖组显著提高肉鸡胸腺指数、法氏囊指数、42日龄血清新城疫病毒HI抗体效价及21日龄和42日龄血清溶菌酶活性(P0.05);日粮中不同酵母多糖添加水平对肉鸡脾脏指数、14日龄和21日龄血清新城疫病毒HI抗体效价、血清总蛋白和血清白蛋白含量及21日龄外周血淋巴细胞刺激指数的影响差异不显著(P0.05)。结果提示:日粮中添加酵母多糖可增强肉鸡的免疫功能,适宜添加水平为0.2%。     

ATRA对新城疫疫苗的体液免疫增强作用的研究

为了研究全反式维甲酸(ATRA)对新城疫疫苗的体液免疫增强效果,本试验选取1日龄AA肉鸡作为研究对象,低剂量组和高剂量组分别灌服1μmol/kg体重和5μmol/kg体重ATRA,在7日龄和28日龄时对药物对照组、低剂量组、高剂量组通过滴鼻、点眼的方法免疫新城疫疫苗。在7、14、21、28、35、42日龄和49日龄,每组随机取7只鸡,称重,采集胸腺、脾脏、腔上囊和血清,计算胸腺、脾脏和腔上囊免疫器官指数,利用血凝抑制(HI)试验检测血清中新城疫抗体效价。结果表明,ATRA可以促进雏鸡免疫器官生长,提高雏鸡免疫器官指数和新城疫抗体效价,表明ATRA可以增强雏鸡的体液免疫应答,且5μg/kg体重剂量ATRA对新城疫疫苗的体液免疫增强效果更显著。     

金荞麦超微粉对肉鸡免疫功能、生长发育的影响

本试验为研究金荞麦超微粉对肉鸡免疫功能和生长发育的影响,将160只1日龄白羽肉鸡随机分为4组,7日龄时用新城疫活疫苗滴鼻（1头份/只）,同时颈部皮下注射新城疫-禽流感二联灭活疫苗（0.3 mL/只）,间隔12 h后各组分别饲喂含不同药物的饲料,自由采食。低、高剂量组分别在饲料中添加4.50‰、8.75‰金荞麦超微粉,连续给药7 d。阳性对照组在饲料中添加400 g/L黄芪多糖,连续给药7 d;空白对照组饲料中不添加任何药物。随后在给药结束后的第7、21和35天翅下静脉采血用于分离淋巴细胞和血清,用CCK-8法测定外周血淋巴细胞增殖能力;微量血凝抑制试验评价血清中抗体效价;同时称量各组肉鸡体重,屠宰后解剖,取脾脏、法氏囊和胸腺计算免疫器官指数。结果显示,与对照组相比,在给药结束后7、21和35 d,金荞麦超微粉高、低剂量组与黄芪多糖组料重比均不同程度降低（P>0.05）;此外给药组可提高肉鸡外周血淋巴细胞增殖能力、免疫抗体水平和肉鸡体重,其中给药结束后21 d,金荞麦超微粉高剂量组禽流感病毒和新城疫病毒抗体效价与对照组相比差异极显著（P<0.01）;同时还能提高脾脏和法氏囊的脏器系数,并具有量效关系。综上所述,金荞麦超微粉可以显著提高雏鸡的细胞免疫、体液免疫和非特异性免疫功能,并显著增加体重。表明金荞麦超微粉具有增强白羽肉鸡免疫力和促进生长发育的功效,为开发金荞麦超微粉为新型天然植物药、饲料添加剂提供了依据。     

灵芝多糖对鸡新城疫疫苗抗体滴度的影响

90只14日龄公鸡随机均分成3组,用新城疫LaSota弱毒疫苗点眼滴鼻免疫的同时,2个试验组分别肌肉注射高、低剂量的灵芝多糖溶液,注射1次/d,连续注射3次,对照组注射生理盐水。各组分别于免疫后7、14、21、28、35、42d翼下静脉采血,分离血清,用微量血凝抑制（HI）测定新城疫抗体效价。结果表明,灵芝多糖高、低剂量组的HI抗体效价明显高于对照组;灵芝多糖的高剂量组抗体效价明显高于低剂量组;表明灵芝多糖对新城疫疫苗的抗体滴度有明显的增强作用,灵芝多糖高剂量组对新城疫疫苗抗体滴度的增强作用更显著。     

鸡γ-干扰素联合新城疫活疫苗对肉鸡免疫效果的研究

选用350只1日龄罗氏308商品肉鸡,比较不同剂量的鸡γ-干扰素(ChIFN-γ)在新城疫活疫苗免疫前、后使用以及与疫苗同时使用对淋巴细胞刺激指数、巨噬细胞吞噬指数以及鸡新城疫HI抗体滴度的影响。结果显示:各试验组淋巴细胞刺激指数(SI)均高于空白对照组,表现差异显著(p<0.05);与疫苗对照组相比,疫苗免疫后给药组SI优于免疫前给药组和同时给药组,其中两次免疫后给药组好于一次免疫后给药组,500IU/羽的使用剂量优于100IU/羽;ChIFN-γ在免疫的不同时期使用均能有效提高巨噬细胞吞噬指数;两次免疫后给药组较疫苗对照组能明显提高28日龄以后新城疫抗体滴度,表现差异显著(P<0.05);一次免疫后给药组和免疫前给药各组的新城疫抗体滴度及变化趋势与疫苗对照组接近;但同时给药组各日龄段的新城疫抗体滴度都明显低于疫苗对照组。本试验结果显示ChIFN-γ联合新城疫活疫苗使用有助于提高疫苗免疫效果,其使用最佳时机为新城疫活疫苗免疫后使用,使用剂量为500IU/羽。     

微生态制剂对肉鸡代谢和免疫系统的影响

本研究旨在观察一种由多种有益菌组成的微生态制剂（主要成分为乳酸杆菌和芽孢杆菌等）通过饮水摄入以后,对鸡舍氨气浓度,肉鸡血清中血氨、血清尿酸、总蛋白、白蛋白和球蛋白含量和免疫系统的影响。选用240只1日龄AA肉鸡,按试验需求随机分成4个试验组,即对照组、试验1组、试验2组和试验3组。每个试验组3次重复,每次重复20只。从1日龄开始,对照组按正常饮水,其余各组均在饮水中添加该液态微生态制剂,添加量分别为试验1组0.3%,试验2组0.6%,试验3组1.2%。结果表明,试验2组在第6周可显著降低鸡舍内的氨气浓度（P〈0.05）。各试验组血清总蛋白、球蛋白含量均显著高于对照组（P〈0.05）。试验1组肉鸡免疫后的抗体水平显著高于对照组（P〈0.05）。结果提示,适量添加该微生态制剂能在一定程度上降低鸡舍氨气浓度,使机体血液中总蛋白、球蛋白含量升高。同时可以增强机体体液免疫能力,但对细胞免疫的影响效果不显著。     

中药复方散剂对肉鸡生长及鸡新城疫灭活油苗免疫效果的影响

将玉屏风散、十全大补汤、六味地黄丸三个中药复方散剂分别按1%剂量添加到科宝快大型白鸡日粮中, 于雏鸡14日龄, 按0.5 ml/只剂量肩部肌肉注射鸡新城疫灭活油乳剂疫苗, 即日起饲喂上述饲料, 并按40 mg/kg剂量胸肌注射环磷酰胺,每天1次, 连续3天; 免疫后第10天、 20天、 30天采血检测鸡新城疫HI抗体效价,观测鸡增重情况,免疫后第15天、 25天检测血清总蛋白含量.实验结果表明,玉屏风散、六味地黄丸能显著提高鸡新城疫HI抗体效价(P<0.05),十全大补汤的作用不明显;玉屏风散、十全大补汤能显著增加肉鸡体重(P<0.05),六味地黄丸的作用不明显,实验组鸡死亡率均降低;玉屏风散、十全大补汤能显著提高血清总蛋白含量(P<0.05),六味地黄丸的作用不明显.     

Effect of Fagopyrum dibotryis Superfine Powder on the Immune Function and the Growth and Development of Broilers

In order to study the effects of Fagopyrum dibotryis superfine powder on the immune function and growth and development of broilers,160 one-day-old White feather broilers were chosen and randomly divided into 4 groups. The nasal drops were given with Newcastle disease live vaccine at 7 days old,and Newcastle disease-avian influenza inactivated vaccine was given by subcutaneous injection (0.3 mL/only).After 12 h,each group was fed with different feeds,the broilers in the low and high dose groups were fed diet supplemented 4.50‰,8.75‰ Fagopyrum dibotryis superfine powder,respectively,administration for 7 d. The broilers in the positive control group were fed diet added 400 g/L Astragalus polysaccharide, continuous administration for 7 d,and feed of blank control group did not add any drugs. The lymphocytes and serum were collected and then used for the separation of lymphocytes and serum at 7,21 and 35 d after the end of the administration. The proliferation of peripheral blood lymphocytes was measured by CCK-8 method. The titer of serum was evaluated by the hemagglutination inhibition test.The body weight of each group was weighed at the same time.After that,the rats were sacrificed,the spleen and bursa of Fabricius were used to calculate the immune organ index. The results showed that compared with the control group,the F/G of high dose group,low dose group and Astragalus polysaccharide group were decreased by different degrees at 7,21 and 35 d after the end of the administration (P>0.05). In addition,the proliferation ability of the peripheral blood lymphocytes,immune antibody level and the body weight in broilers of administration groups were increased,in which the titers of AIV and NDV antibodies were extremely significantly increased in high dose group compared with the control group (P<0.01).Meanwhile the Fagopyrum dibotryis superfine powder also could increase the spleen and bursa of Fabricius indexes. In conclusion,the Fagopyrum dibotryis superfine powder could significantly improve the cellular immunity, humoral immunity and nonspecific immune function of broilers,and significantly increased the body weight. According to the specification of the results of the instructions, we could determine that it had the effect to comprehensively improve the immunity and growth of White feather broilers. The study could lay the foundation of the future development of Fagopyrum dibotryis superfine powder into a new natural herbal medicine and feed additives.     

Toxicologic and immunologic effects of sublethal doses of cyclopiazonic acid in rats

Effects of cyclopiazonic acid (CPA) on humoral immunity, cell-mediated immunity, weight gain, organ weights, clinical chemical and hematologic values, and gross and microscopic lesions were evaluated. Four groups of rats, each containing 3 males and 3 females, were given 0, 0.1, 1, and 5 mg of CPA/kg of body weight intraperitoneally for 28 days. A dosage level of 5 mg/kg produced a significant (P less than 0.05) decrease in weight gain. Rats given 0.1 or 1 mg of CPA/kg had a significant (P less than 0.05) reduction in antibody titer against sheep RBC 5 days after injection. The 0.1 mg/kg group also had a significant reduction in antibody titer 7 days after injection. Microscopic lesions were limited to liver, and kidneys and were characterized by vacuolated to granular hepatocyte cytoplasm and dilated renal convoluted tubules, many having pyknotic nuclei and scattered hyaline casts.     

复方中药偶蹄康对奶牛口蹄疫疫苗抗体水平、血清细胞因子及生化指标的影响

为研究复方中药偶蹄康对奶牛口蹄疫O型、A型、亚洲Ⅰ型3个血清型疫苗抗体水平、10种血清细胞因子含量及生化指标的影响,本试验将健康成年奶牛分为药物组和空白对照组,每组100头,连续拌料给药7 d后注射口蹄疫三联苗,注射疫苗后0、14、28、56 d分别采血,检测血清疫苗效价、血清细胞因子含量及生化指标。结果显示,注射疫苗后0、28和56 d药物组与空白对照组抗体效价无显著差异（P>0.05）;注射疫苗后14 d药物对口蹄疫3种血清型抗体效价的提升作用均极显著（P<0.01）。药物组血清总胆红素（T-Bil）降低,0、28 d差异显著（P<0.05）,56 d差异极显著（P<0.01）;28、56 d药物组与空白对照组葡萄糖含量差异显著（P<0.05）;0 d血磷含量差异极显著（P<0.01）,但未超出正常生理值范围,且后续检测无显著差异（P>0.05）。注射疫苗后14 d药物组血清CD4含量显著高于空白对照组（P<0.05）;注射疫苗后28 d药物组血清CD4、IL-2、IL-6、IL-10、IL-12、IL-18、IFN-γ含量极显著高于空白对照组（P<0.01）;注射疫苗后56 d药物组血清IL-6、IL-12含量极显著高于空白对照组（P<0.01）,CD4、IL-2、IL-4、、IL-18含量显著高于空白对照组（P<0.05）。综上可知,偶蹄康对奶牛口蹄疫O型、A型、亚洲Ⅰ型3个血清型疫苗效价有显著提升,对奶牛肝脏和肾脏功能无明显的损伤,且有一定的利胆作用,对奶牛细胞免疫和体液免疫机能有明显的提升作用。     

Dietary supplementation with Chinese herbal ultra-fine powder enhances cellular and humoral immunity in early-weaned piglets

This study was conducted to determine effects of dietary supplementation with a Chinese herbal ultra-fine (CHU) powder on cellular and humoral immunity in early-weaned piglets. Sixty piglets weaned at 21 days of age were randomly assigned to one of 3 treatment groups representing supplementation with 0 or 2 g/kg of the powder, or 0.2 g/kg of colistin (an antibiotic) to maize- and soybean meal-based diets (n = 20). On days 7, 14 and 28 after initiation of the treatment, lymphocyte proliferating activity and serum levels of antibodies and cytokines were measured. Results indicated that the powder enhanced (P < 0.05) serum concentrations of IL-2, IL-6 and TNF- on days 7 and 28, and of IgG and IgM on day 28, as well as the proliferating activity of blood lymphocytes in vivo on all days relative to the none additive group. Addition of the powder (7.82 to 31.25 mg/ml) to culture medium in vitro also increased (P < 0.05) the proliferating activity of blood lymphocytes compared with the none additive group. These findings indicate a beneficial effect of the CHU powder on cellular and humoral immune responses in piglets.     

Bovine sire effects on daughters' in vitro blood neutrophil functions, lymphocyte blastogenesis, serum complement and conglutinin levels

Blood neutrophil functions, lymphocyte blastogenic responses, serum complement, and serum conglutinin activity of 98 lactating Holstein cows from two genetic lines were evaluated. The genetic lines were produced in a selection experiment that created and perpetuated genetic differences in milk production for up to seven generations. No significant differences between the two genetic lines of cows were found for neutrophil function, lymphocyte blastogenic responses, serum complement levels, or serum conglutinin levels. Significant differences between sire progeny groups within lines were found for unstimulated and mitogen-stimulated lymphocyte blastogenesis (P less than 0.0001), and almost all neutrophil functions (antibody independent neutrophil cytotoxicity, antibody dependent neutrophil cytotoxicity, ingestion of bacteria, iodination, chemiluminescence, chemokinesis, and chemotaxis (P less than or equal to 0.05)). Sire progeny group differences (P less than or equal to 0.0001) within lines for serum complement and conglutinin activity were also found. Neutrophil chemiluminescence activity (positive relationship; P less than or equal to 0.001), concanavalin A-stimulated lymphocyte blastogenesis (positive relationship; P less than or equal to 0.004), and serum conglutinin activity levels (negative relationship; P less than or equal to 0.01) each had small but significant associations with the total milk somatic cell count. Cows seropositive for bovine leukosis virus had increased resting and mitogen-stimulated lymphocyte blastogenic activity and were associated with increased in vitro neutrophil random migration and production of superoxide anion. Estimates of genetic parameters of various immune cell functions, of serum complement and of conglutinin levels for daughters of 11 sires with 4-6 daughters in the data set were determined. In this report, genetic variation was demonstrated for nonspecific humoral and cellular immunity.