饲喂脆茎全株水稻对生长肥育猪生长性能、养分消化和胴体品质的影响

体重相近的杜洛克生长母猪54头，随机分成3组（每组3个重复），研究脆茎全株水稻（3个水平0、10％和20％）用于生长肥育猪日粮，对猪的生长性能、养分消化、胴体品质和肉质的影响。结果表明，生长猪阶段（29～52kg）对照组、10％组和20％组的采食量、平均日增重和料重比均无显著差异（P〉0．05）。肥育猪阶段（54～85kg）采食量和平均日增重，20％组显著低于对照组（P〈0．01），10％组与对照组之间无显著差异（P〉0．05）；各组料重比均无显著差异（P〉0．05）。生长猪阶段10％组和20％组各种养分的消化率都低于对照组；而肥育猪阶段，两组NDF消化率显著低于对照组（P〈0．01），其它养分消化率与对照组无显著差异。与对照组相比，10％组和20％组屠宰率有所下降，而瘦肉率提高，眼肌面积增大，背膘厚降低，但差异均不显著（P〉0．05）。10％组和20％组的背最长肌蛋白含量增加，脂肪含量降低，其中20％组与对照组差异显著（P〈0．05）；滴水损失和大理石纹及肉色评分各组之间均无显著差异（P〉0．05），20％组宰后24h的pH，显著高于对照组（P〈0．01）。     

大豆活性肽对育肥猪生长性能、胴体性状、血清生化指标及肠道微生物的影响

文章旨在探究日粮中添加不同水平大豆活性肽对育肥猪生长性能、胴体性状、血清生化指标及肠道微生物的影响。试验选择体重（72.40±1.10） kg的育肥猪120头,随机分为4组,每组3个重复,每个重复10头猪。对照组育肥猪饲喂基础日粮,A组、B组和C组分别在基础日粮中添加0.2%、0.4%、0.6%的大豆活性肽。试验期42 d。结果显示,日粮中添加大豆活性肽能够显著提高育肥猪的平均日增重（P<0.05）,与对照组相比,B组育肥猪的料重比显著降低（P<0.05）,C组育肥猪的料重比和平均背膘厚显著降低（P<0.05）。添加大豆活性肽能够改善肉色,显著降低B组和C组滴水损失（P<0.05）。与对照组相比,试验组育肥猪血清丙二醛（MDA）含量显著降低（P<0.05）,B组和C组血清尿素氮（BUN）含量显著降低（P<0.05）、免疫球蛋白M (IgM)含量和总抗氧化能力（T-AOC）显著升高（P<0.05）,C组育肥猪血清谷草转氨酶（AST）和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）活性显著降低（P<0.05）,免疫球蛋白G (IgG)含量显著升高（P&l...     

日粮添加金银花提取物对育肥猪生长性能、血清生化及养分消化率的影响

文章旨在研究日粮添加金银花提取物对育肥猪生长性能、血清生化及养分消化率的影响。试验将80头平均体重为（30±1.2）kg的健康育肥猪随机分为4组,每组20头。其中,对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别饲喂添加100、500、1000?mg/kg金银花提取物的基础日粮,试验为期90?d。结果显示：（1）生长性能方面,试验3组育肥猪平均日增重（ADG）显著高于对照组和试验1组（P＜0.05）,试验3组育肥猪料重比（F/G）显著低于试验组（P＜0.05）|（2）血清生化方面,试验2组育肥猪血清中尿素氮（BUN）含量显著低于其他3组（P＜0.05）,试验3组育肥猪血清中葡萄糖（GLU）含量显著高于其他3组（P＜0.05）|（3）养分消化率方面,4组育肥猪总能（GE）、干物质（DM）、粗脂肪（EE）、灰分（AC）和粗蛋白质（CP）的消化率无显著差异（P＞0.05）。结论：在本试验条件下,考虑到育肥猪的养殖效益,日粮中金银花提取物的最佳水平为1000?mg/kg。 [关键词]金银花提取物|育肥猪|生长性能|血清生化|养分消化率     

酶解蛋白肽对生长育肥猪生长性能、血液生化指标及养分表观消化率的影响

本试验在生长育肥猪日粮中添加酶解蛋白肽T30,研究小肽对生长育肥猪的生长性能、血液生化指标及养分表观消化率的影响,并探讨其在生长育肥猪阶段的最适添加量。采用单因子随机试验设计。选取杜洛克猪×长白猪×大白猪三元商品猪300头,随机分为5组,每组4个重复,每个重复15头。Ⅰ组（对照组）饲喂基础日粮,Ⅱ~Ⅴ组在基础日粮中分别添加1%、2%、3%、4% T30。试验期30 d。结果显示：①Ⅲ组的平均日增重显著高于Ⅰ、Ⅴ组（P<0.05）;Ⅲ组平均日采食量显著高于Ⅱ组（P<0.05）,与其他组间差异均不显著（P>0.05）。②Ⅴ组总蛋白、球蛋白水平最高,显著高于Ⅱ组（P<0.05）,但与其他各组间差异均不显著（P>0.05）;Ⅱ组尿素氮水平显著低于其他各组（P<0.05）。③Ⅴ组干物质、粗蛋白质表观消化率最高,T30添加组钙、磷表观消化率均出现不同程度的下降。综上所述,在生长育肥猪阶段酶解蛋白肽的最佳添加量为1.796%,添加酶解蛋白肽可提高生长性能、降低料重比,提高血液总蛋白水平、球蛋白水平。     

乳酸菌液体发酵饲料对育肥猪养分表观消化率、粪样菌群、血液生化指标和生产性能的影响

试验旨在研究乳酸菌液体发酵饲料对育肥猪养分表观消化率、粪样菌群、血液生化指标和生产性能的影响。选择200头体重60 kg左右的三元杂交猪,随机分为4组,每组5个重复,每个重复10头猪。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组饲喂添加10%、30%、50%的乳酸菌液体发酵饲料替代基础日粮中相应比例的全价配合饲料。结果表明,在育肥猪的饲料中添加乳酸菌液体发酵饲料,粗蛋白质、粗纤维、粗脂肪、钙、总磷、氮的养分表观消化率显著提高(P<0.05);鲜粪中大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌的数量显著降低,乳酸菌的数量显著增加(P<0.05);显著提高了血液中总蛋白、白蛋白、免疫球蛋白A、免疫球蛋白G、葡萄糖的含量(P<0.05),显著降低了血液中尿素氮的含量(P<0.05),总胆固醇、三酰甘油、免疫球蛋白M无显著影响;平均日增重和平均日采食量明显增加(P<0.05),料肉比显示添加10%乳酸菌液体发酵饲料饲料报酬为最佳;显著降低了育肥猪发病率(P<0.05)。     

发酵饲料桑粉对宁乡花猪生长性能、肉品质和血清生化指标的影响

本试验旨在研究将饲料桑粉添加至饲粮中经发酵后饲喂宁乡花猪,对其生长性能、肉品质和血清生化指标的影响。选取平均体重为30 kg左右的宁乡花猪90头,随机分为5个组,每组3个重复(栏),每个重复6头猪。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ组分别饲喂添加9%、12%、15%饲料桑粉的全发酵料和添加9%饲料桑粉的未发酵料。试验分为2个阶段,中猪阶段(1~50 d)和大猪阶段(51~75 d)。结果表明:1)Ⅰ组宁乡花猪1~50 d的料重比显著低于对照组和Ⅳ组(P0.05)。2)与对照组相比,Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ组宁乡花猪的平均背膘厚显著降低(P0.05)。3)与对照组相比,Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ组宁乡花猪的血清总胆固醇含量显著降低(P0.05);Ⅰ组宁乡花猪第50天的血清总蛋白含量显著高于Ⅳ组(P0.05)。由此可知,饲料桑粉经发酵后饲喂效果更佳,可降低宁乡花猪的平均背膘厚,改善肉品质,降低血清总胆固醇含量;添加9%饲料桑粉的全发酵料可降低料重比,改善宁乡花猪的生长性能。     

不同青贮替代小麦秸秆对东乡贡羊生长性能、营养物质表观消化率及血清生化指标的影响

试验旨在研究不同青贮替代小麦秸秆对东乡贡羊生长性能、营养物质表观消化率及血清生化指标的影响。选择30只东乡贡羊随机分为3组，每组10个重复，每个重复1只羊。A组（对照组）羊饲喂小麦秸秆+精料，B组羊饲喂50%小麦秸秆+50%玉米青贮+精料，C组羊饲喂50%小麦秸秆+50%甜高粱青贮+精料。试验期82 d。结果显示，A组、C组东乡贡羊的末重、平均日增重显著高于B组（P<0.05）。A组东乡贡羊的平均日精料采食量显著高于B组（P<0.05）。B组总饲喂成本、每千克增重饲喂成本显著高于C组（P<0.05）。B组羊的粗蛋白质、粗脂肪表观消化率极显著高于A组（P<0.01）,C组羊的粗蛋白质、粗脂肪表观消化率显著高于A组（P<0.05）;B组羊的酸性洗涤纤维、中性洗涤纤维表观消化率显著高于C组（P<0.05）。试验初期，C组羊中间细胞比率显著低于其他组（P<0.05）,A组羊的血红蛋白含量显著低于其他组（P<0.05）,B组羊的血小板总数显著低于其他组（P<0.05）,B组羊血清葡萄糖含量极显著高于其他组（P<0.01）。试验末期，各组...     

低蛋白日粮添加酶解蛋白肽对生长育肥猪生长性能、血液指标、养分消化率的影响

本试验旨在探讨生长育肥猪日粮蛋白水平降低3个百分点后添加不同剂量的酶解蛋白肽对生产性能、血液生化指标、养分消化率及背膘厚的影响。选取杜×长×大三元商品猪300头,采用单因子试验设计,随机分为5个处理,每个处理4个重复。对照组饲喂基础日粮,LP组饲喂低蛋白日粮,LP1、LP2、LP3组分别在低蛋白日粮基础上添加1%、2%、3%酶解蛋白肽。试验期中猪阶段30 d,大猪阶段24 d。结果表明:LP组的平均日增重、采食量显著低于对照组(P0.05),LP3组的平均日增重、平均日采食量与对照组差异不显著(P0.05);LP组的白蛋白含量显著低于LP1、LP2组(P0.05),与对照组、LP3组差异不显著(P0.05),LP1组白蛋白的含量最高;对照组血清尿素的含量最高,LP组尿素的含量最低,二者差异显著(P0.05),它们与其他各处理差异不显著(P0.05);所有低蛋白组的粗蛋白、钙的消化率显著低于对照组(P0.05)。结果提示,日粮蛋白水平降低3个百分点,猪生长性能显著降低,但低蛋白日粮添加3%的酶解蛋白肽可达到正常蛋白水平的饲养效果。本试验初步确定了生长育肥猪中猪阶段饲粮粗蛋白:小肽:赖氨酸的适宜比例为13%:0.4%:0.84%,大猪阶段为11.5%:0.4%:0.65%。     

日粮脱脂米糠替代玉米水平对苏淮猪生长性能、肠道发育及养分消化率的影响

旨在研究日粮脱脂米糠替代玉米水平对苏淮育肥猪生长性能、肠道发育及养分表观消化率的影响,筛选苏淮猪最适宜的脱脂米糠替代玉米水平。本试验选择体重相近(62.90±0.78)kg、健康的苏淮阉公猪35头,随机分为对照组、试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组、试验Ⅲ组、试验Ⅳ组5个处理组。每组7个重复,每个重复1头猪。试验预饲期10 d,所有猪自由采食对照组基础日粮;正试期28 d,对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验Ⅰ～Ⅳ组分别饲喂以7%、14%、21%、28%的脱脂米糠替代等量玉米的日粮。5组日粮的中性洗涤纤维(NDF)水平分别为8.89%、11.80%、12.93%、14.35%、17.94%。正式期所有猪均自由采食和饮水。试验期每天纪录所有试验猪的采食量和体重;分别于试验期第0、14天采集粪样,试验第28天采集直肠内容物,用于测定养分表观消化率;试验结束屠宰全部试验猪,测量计算胃肠道相对质量和相对长度。结果表明:1)各处理组间猪的初始体重、第14天体重、终末体重、平均日采食量(ADFI)、平均日增重(ADG)、第0～14天平均日增重、第14～28天平均日增重、料重比(F/G)均无显著差异(P>0.05)。但对照组、试验Ⅰ～Ⅳ组的第14～28天平均日增重显著高于第0～14天平均日增重(P<0.05)。生长拟合曲线显示,各组猪生长曲线拐点分别是第18.51天(75.87 kg)、第15.92天(73.61 kg)、第17.39天(75.91 kg)、第17.58天(75.45 kg)、第16.29天(76.15 kg)。与对照组相比,试验组猪较早到达生长曲线拐点。但各组生长趋势差异不明显。2)饲喂不同纤维水平的日粮对各组猪胃肠道相对重量、长度及大肠的重量、长度占比均无显著影响(P>0.05)。3)试验期第14、28天,随着日粮纤维水平的升高,各组NDF表观消化率与对照组无显著差异(P>0.05),酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)和粗蛋白(CP)表观消化率均呈线性(P<0.01)、二次方(P<0.01)和三次方(P<0.01)降低;试验期第14天,粗脂肪(EE)表观消化率趋于二次方降低(P<0.10)。4)根据三次方程模型预测,分别以ADF、CP表观消化率为因变量,得到适宜脱脂米糠替代部分玉米水平分别为12.77%、14.78%。在各组日粮消化能和粗蛋白均满足且一致的情况下,增加日粮纤维水平对苏淮育肥猪生长性能、肠道发育、NDF表观消化率没有显著影响,但降低了对ADF和CP的表观消化率。本试验的脱脂米糠替代部分玉米是可行的,替代比例以12.77%最佳。     

酵母多糖和沸石粉对猪生长性能、表观消化率及免疫指标的影响

为研究日粮添加酵母多糖和沸石粉对猪生长性能、表观消化率及免疫指标的影响,试验选取体况健康,日龄、体重相近的杜长大三元杂交猪160头,采取完全随机分组设计分成5个处理组,对照组饲喂基础日粮（不添加酵母多糖和沸石粉）,试验Ⅰ组只添加0.1%酵母多糖,试验Ⅱ组添加0.1%酵母多糖和0.25%沸石粉,试验Ⅲ组添加0.1%酵母多糖和0.5%沸石粉,试验Ⅳ组添加0.1%酵母多糖和0.75%沸石粉,每组4个重复,每个重复8头猪。结果表明：试验Ⅲ、Ⅳ组平均日增重显著低于对照组（P ＜ 0.05）,分别降低9.68%、10.75%,各组的平均日采食量和料重比差异不显著（P ＞ 0.05）|各组间的养分表观消化率无差异显著性（P ＞ 0.05）|与对照组比较,试验Ⅲ组的谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）活性及补体C3、IgA 、IgG、IgM显著提高（P ＜ 0.05）,分别提高了39.69%、66.19%、49.64%、20.28%和22.17%,超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性和补体C4水平无显著差异（P ＞ 0.05）。综上,日粮添加酵母多糖和沸石粉联合使用可以提高猪免疫水平,以添加0.1%的酵母多糖和0.5%的沸石粉效果最显著,但两者联合使用降低了猪生产性能,对养分消化率无显著影响。 [关键词] 酵母多糖|沸石粉|猪|生长性能|表观消化率|免疫指标     

Comparisons of Angus, Charolais, Galloway, Hereford, Longhorn, Nellore, Piedmontese, Salers, and Shorthorn breeds for weight, weight adjusted for condition score, height, and condition score of cows

Breed differences for weight (CW), height (CH), and condition score (CS) were estimated from records (n = 12,188) of 2- to 6-yr-old cows (n = 744) from Cycle IV of the U.S. Meat Animal Research Center's Germplasm Evaluation (GPE) Program. Cows were produced from mating Angus and Hereford dams to Angus, Hereford, Charolais, Shorthorn, Galloway, Longhorn, Nellore, Piedmontese, and Salers sires. Samples of Angus and Hereford sires were 1) reference sires born from 1962 through 1970 and 2) 1980s sires born in 1980 through 1987. The mixed model included cow age, season of measurement and their interactions, year of birth, pregnancy-lactation code (PL), and breedgroup as fixed effects for CW and CS. Analyses of weight adjusted for condition score included CS as a linear covariate. The model for CH excluded PL. Random effects were additive genetic and permanent environmental effects associated with the cow. Differences among breed groups were significant (P < 0.05) for all traits and were maintained through maturity with few interchanges in ranking. The order of F1 cows for weight was as follows: Charolais (506 to 635 kg for different ages), Shorthorn and Salers, reciprocal Hereford-Angus (HA) with 1980s sires, Nellore, HA with reference sires, Galloway, Piedmontese, and Longhorn (412 to 525 kg for different ages). Order for height was as follows: Nellore (136 to 140 cm), Charolais, Shorthorn, Salers, HA with 1980s sires, Piedmontese, Longhorn, Galloway and HA with reference sires (126 to 128 cm). Hereford and Angus cows with reference sires were generally lighter than those with 1980s sires. In general, breed differences for height followed those for weight except that F1 Nellore cows were tallest, which may in part be due to Bos taurus-Bos indicus heterosis for size.     

Supplementation of broodmares with copper, zinc, iron, manganese, cobalt, iodine, and selenium

In experiment 1, 6 pregnant mares received a concentrate that contained a trace mineral premix that provided 14.3 mg Cu, 40 mg Zn, 28 mg Fe, 28 mg Mn, 0.08 mg Co, 0.16 mg I, and 0.16 mg Se/kg concentrate (group A). Seven mares received the same concentrate plus 502 mg Zn and 127 mg Cu once daily (group B). No differences (P > .05) in foal growth data, or Cu, Zn, and Fe concentrations of mare milk, mare serum, or foal serum were observed. In experiment 2, 6 pregnant mares received the same concentrate as group A (group C), and 8 mares received the same concentrate fortified with 4× the trace mineral premix (group D). Group C mares had higher serum Zn concentration at 1 day (P < 0.01) and 56 days (P < 0.04). Group C mares had higher milk Fe concentration at 28 days (P < .01), and group D mares had higher milk Cu concentration at 56 days (P < .01). Group C foals had higher serum Cu concentration at 14 days (P < .03). The results from this study provide no evidence to indicate that supplementing late gestating and lactating mares with higher dietary trace mineral levels than those recommended currently by NRC has any influence on foal growth and development, or on the Cu, Zn, and Fe concentrations of the mare milk, mare serum, or foal serum.     

Concentrations of strontium,barium, cadmium,copper, zinc,manganese, chromium,antimony, selenium,and lead in the liver and kidneys of dogs according to age,gender, and the occurrence of chronic kidney disease

This study was conducted to measure the concentrations of strontium (Sr), barium (Ba), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), chromium (Cr), antimony (Sb), selenium (Se), and lead (Pb) in canine liver, renal cortex, and renal medulla, and the association of these concentrations with age, gender, and occurrence of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Tissues from 50 dogs were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Cu, Zn, and Mn levels were highest in the liver followed by the renal cortex and renal medulla. The highest Sr, Cd, and Se concentrations were measured in the renal cortex while lower levels were found in the renal medulla and liver. Female dogs had higher tissue concentrations of Sr (liver and renal medulla), Cd (liver), Zn (liver and renal cortex), Cr (liver, renal cortex, and renal medulla), and Pb (liver) than male animals. Except for Mn and Sb, age-dependent variations were observed for all element concentrations in the canine tissues. Hepatic Cd and Cr concentrations were higher in dogs with CKD. In conclusion, the present results provide new knowledge about the storage of specific elements in canine liver and kidneys, and can be considered important reference data for diagnostic methods and further investigations.     

电感耦合等离子-质谱法测定饲料中钠、镁、铬、锰、铁、铜、锌、砷、硒、镉和铅

应用电感耦合等离子-质谱技术(ICP-MS),建立饲料中钠、镁、铬、锰、铁、铜、锌、砷、硒、镉和铅等元素的测定方法。对饲料样品的前处理方法、仪器工作参数和11种元素标准曲线进行优化;并以加标回收、分析方法比对和重复测试说明方法的准确性和精密性。方法在0～1 000 ng/ml范围内线性良好,仪器检出限为0.557 7～5.072 ng/ml,具有良好的精密度,其回收率在88.1%～104.4%之间,相对标准偏差小于5.0%。同时与原子吸收和原子荧光方法进行比对,测定结果相近。所建立的方法简单、快速,可替代原子吸收和原子荧光方法测定饲料中的11种金属元素,为饲料的质量控制提供理想的元素分析方法。     

Granulocyte isolation from whole blood of goat, sheep, cattle, horse, dog, pig, and man

A simple two step procedure for the isolation of caprine, ovine, bovine, equine, canine, porcine and human peripheral blood granulocytes is described. After enrichment of granulocytes by centrifugation, contaminating erythrocytes are lysed hypotonically. Recovery, purity, and viability of the granulocyte suspensions are determined. FACScan analysis of the cell suspensions measuring cellular size by forward and sideward light scatter is compared with the corresponding analysis of whole blood leukocytes. Constituencies of the isolated cell suspensions and loss of granulocyte subpopulations through isolation procedure is discussed with regard to granulocyte function assays.     

Department of Clinical Veterinary Practices, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Dublin, Trinity College, Ballsbridge, Dublin 4

Circular excised skin wounds in the thoracic and metatarsal regions of the dog were studied. A similar sequence of events took place in the two regions although differences did occur due to the different reactions of the tissues which surrounded the wounds. None of the wound cavities became filled with exudate during the early stages of healing. In the thoracic wounds the cavities were largely filled by the swelling and inward movement of adipose tissue. Epithelium first grew on the wound surface in the sector of the wound that was situated in the direction of hair flow. The average time to complete epithelization was similar in both sets of wounds. A zone of alopecia developed around the wounds.