三种牛羊流产相关疫病在海西州的流行现状及分析

近年来,随着海西地区畜牧业的发展,牛羊流产现象也伴随多发,给牧民带来极大的经济损失。为调查布鲁氏菌病、衣原体病、弓形虫病在青海省海西州畜群中的整体流行状况,了解海西州牛羊流产多发的主要病因,对海西州31个乡镇97个牧业村的空怀牛羊群随机抽样,集中采血,分离血清,共分离牛羊血清共14114份,其中羊血清12620份,牛血清1494份。分别采用凝集试验、间接血凝试验和弓形虫快速检测卡对布鲁氏菌、衣原体和弓形虫进行抗体检测与数据分析。结果表明,羊布鲁氏菌、衣原体和弓形虫的抗体阳性率分别为0.056%、8.7%、0.11%;牛布鲁氏菌、衣原体和弓形虫的抗体阳性率分别为4.6%(69/1494)、5.8%(74/1494)、9.9%(87/1494),其中有15头牛同时检测到上述3种病原的抗体。海西州空怀羊群中衣原体阳性率最高,可能是导致羊流产的主要病因;空怀牛群中3种病原抗体阳性率普遍较高,且存在一定程度的共感染,流产病因较为复杂。     

互助县牛羊流产原因初步调查

用琥红平板试验和间接血凝试验对498份牛血清分别进行了布鲁氏菌病、衣原体病和弓形虫病抗体检测,阳性率分别为0%,49.2%和6.6%;对1059份羊血清分别进行了布鲁氏菌病、衣原体病和弓形虫病抗体检测,阳性率分别为0%,37.1%和5.4%。结果表明,本次从牛羊血清样品中检出了较高的衣原体阳性率。     

青海省三角城种羊场部分流产母羊的血清学检测

应用布鲁氏菌病RBPT、衣原体和弓形虫IHA,对来自青海省三角城种羊场发生流产的23只生产母羊血清进行特异性血清抗体的检测,结果检出衣原体阳性血清3份,阳性率为13.04%:未检出布氏杆菌和弓形虫阳性血清。     

青海省互助县某养殖场部分母羊流产病因的检测

通过虎红平板凝集试验（RBPT）、弓形虫和衣原体间接血凝试验（IHA）,对来自青海省互助县某羊场的19份母羊血清进行了布鲁氏菌、弓形虫和衣原体的血清抗体检测.结果检出衣原体阳性血清1份,阳性率为5.3％;未检出布鲁氏菌和弓形虫的阳性血清.流产胎儿瘤胃液,经PCR检测,为衣原体感染.     

青海省海南州引进种牛布鲁氏菌、衣原体和弓形虫等病血清学检测

应用布鲁氏菌病虎红平板凝集试验、衣原体和弓形虫IHA试验,对青海省海南州某核心种牛群引进的40只种公牛,进行了布鲁氏菌、衣原体和弓形虫等病的特异性血清抗体检测。结果:检出布氏杆菌阳性血清1份,阳性率2.50%:检出衣原体阳性血清6份,阳性率为15.00%;弓形虫阳性血清2份,阳性率为5.00%。结果表明引进的种牛中存在不同程度的布鲁氏菌病、衣原体及弓形虫病。而该三种病均可通过垂直传播。所以,对种牛引进因加强检疫及管理等措施。防止种牛感染造成的疫病传播。     

青海省祁连县某白藏羊基地流产病血清学检测

应用布鲁氏菌病虎红平板试验(Rose-Bengal Plate Agglutination Test,RBPT)、衣原体和弓形虫间接血凝试验(Indirect Hemagglutination Assay,IHA),对来自青海省祁连县某藏羊场的53只藏系后备公羊血清进行特异性血清抗体的检测,结果检出衣原体阳性血清3份,阳性率为5.75%;弓形虫阳性血清5份,阳性率9.4%,未检出布氏杆菌。     

实验猕猴感染弓形虫及衣原体血清学检测

为了解福建省计划生育科学技术研究所实验猕猴弓形虫和衣原体感染情况,采用改良凝集试验(MAT)和正向间接血凝试验(IHA)对123只实验猕猴血清进行弓形虫抗体(IgG)和衣原体抗体(IgG)检测。检测结果显示,实验猕猴弓形虫和衣原体的抗体总阳性率分别为4.88%(6/123)和3.25%(4/123),弓形虫与衣原体抗体滴度的方差值均小于平均值,说明其滴度分布为均匀分布。试验结果对实验猕猴弓形虫病和衣原体病的预防提供了科学依据,并具有重要的公共卫生学意义。     

青海省同德县绵羊流产类疾病血清学检测

应用虎红平板凝集试验(Rose-Bengal Plate Agglutination Test,RBPT)、衣原体、弓形虫和绵羊肺炎支原体间接血凝试验(Indirect Hemagglutination Assay,IHA),对2013年采自青海省同德县部分乡镇的201份绵羊血清样品进行了布鲁氏菌、衣原体、弓形虫和绵羊肺炎支原体的血清学检测。结果:未检出布氏杆菌阳性血清;分别检出衣原体、弓形虫和绵羊肺炎支原体阳性血清2份、4份和7份,其阳性率分别为1.00%、1.99%和3.48%。此外,对于抗体阳性的血清样品采用PCR方法进行了抗原检测,结果表明,青海省同德县地区绵羊中存在衣原体、弓形虫和绵羊肺炎支原体的感染。     

福州动物园野生动物感染衣原体及弓形虫的血清学调查

采用正向间接血凝试验(IHA)和改良凝集试验(MAT),分别对福州动物园132只野生动物血清作衣原体和弓形虫抗体检测。动物园野生动物感染衣原体和弓形虫的血清学阳性率分别为24.42%(32/132)和23.48%(31/132);衣原体与弓形虫抗体滴度的倒数经对数化后的相关与回归分析显示二者呈显著负相关(r=0.6901,P0.01),关联分析也显示衣原体和弓形虫抗体之间呈负关联(V=-0.104 9)。     

青海省三角城种羊场部分种羊中流产类疾病的血清学检测

应用布鲁氏菌病RBPT(Rose-Bengal Plate Agglutination Test)、衣原体和弓形虫IHA(Indirect Hemagglutination Assay),对来自青海省三角城种羊场的59份试情公羊的血清、60份后备母羊的血清进行特异性血清抗体的检测。结果:在119份被检血清中,检出衣原体阳性血清3份,阳性率为2.52%,其中在59份试情公羊血清中检出3份,阳性率5.08%;在后备母羊的血清未检出衣原体阳性血清;所有的血清中均未检测到布氏杆菌和弓形虫阳性血清。     

Serologic survey of California wild hogs for antibodies against selected zoonotic disease agents

Blood samples were collected from trapped or hunter-killed wild hogs (Sus scrofa) in 4 areas of California. Sera were tested for antibodies against 7 zoonotic disease agents. Antibodies against Brucella sp were detected in 21 (15%) of 136 samples. Antibodies against Coxiella burnetii were found in 50% of the collected samples (67 of 135 tested). Of the 135 wild hogs screened for pseudorabies virus, 4 (3%) were seropositive. Leptospira interrogans antibodies were discovered in 118 (87%) of the 136 samples tested. Of the 130 samples screened for antibodies against Mycobacterium avium complex, 111 (85%) were seropositive. Antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii were detected in 17 (13%) of 135 wild hogs. Antibodies against Yersinia pestis were found in 9 (15%) of 59 sera tested.     

Serological survey for antibodies against selected infectious agents among fallow deer (Dama dama) in central Italy

Sera were collected from 224 fallow deer (Dama dama) in reserves in central Italy. Samples were tested for antibodies against Chlamydia spp., Brucella spp. and Coxiella spp. with the complement fixation (CF) test. Indirect immunofluorescence was used to test for antibodies against Borrelia spp. and agglutination tests were conducted for Leptospira interrogans antibodies. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) tests were used to detect antibodies against bovine herpesvirus-1 (BHV-1) and bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV). All samples were negative for antibodies against Brucella spp., L. interrogans, Coxiella spp. and BHV-1. Four samples (1.8%) had antibodies against Chlamydia spp., nine (4%) against Borrelia spp. and 10 (4.5%) against BVDV. These results indicate that fallow deer in central Italy have a low rate of exposure to pathogens typical of domestic livestock.     

Development and validation of a competitive ELISA kit for the serological diagnosis of ovine, caprine and bovine brucellosis

A competitive ELISA (Brucella-Ab c-ELISA) was standardized and validated for the detection of Brucella antibodies in cattle, sheep and goat sera using a monoclonal antibody (MAb 4B5A) produced against Brucella melitensis biotype 2. The specificity and sensitivity of the assay were 100% to a 67.5% cut-off point (B/Bo%). When compared with an indirect ELISA, the Brucella-Ab c-ELISA did not demonstrate cross-reactions when testing positive sera for antibodies to some Enterobacteriaceae. A comparison was made between the Brucella-Ab c-ELISA and the complement fixation and Rose Bengal tests. Results demonstrated that the Brucella-Ab c-ELISA is a valuable tool for the serological diagnosis of bovine and ovine/caprine brucellosis.     

Survey to determine the seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in British sheep flocks

A serological survey of Toxoplasma gondii infection in adult breeding sheep in Great Britain was conducted using surplus sera taken during a seroprevalence study of Brucella melitensis in 2009. Of the 3539 sera collected from 227 flocks, 2619 (74 per cent) were found to be positive for T gondii specific antibody when tested using latex agglutination. Multilevel logistic modelling suggested that the likelihood of infection increased with age and this effect appeared to be amplified in animals vaccinated against T gondii. The model also indicated that the odds of sheep being seropositive were increased on premises where cattle were also kept. These results suggest a high level of Toxoplasma infection in breeding sheep in Great Britain and provide further evidence to suggest that postnatal infection is more common than congenital infection in sheep.     

Seroprevalence of Chlamydia psittaci-specific antibodies in small stock in Namibia--epidemiological study with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)

An IgG (H+L)-ELISA was applied as a screening test for antibodies against Chlamydia (C.) psittaci in sera of goats and sheep in Namibia. In 576 (27.3%) of a total of 2,107 sera (299 = 25.2% of 1,185 caprine and 277 = 30.0% of 922 ovine sera) chlamydial antibodies could be detected. 86% of all farms tested revealed seropositive animals. Chlamydial infections were prevalent in all the geographical regions tested. The infection rates per State Veterinary District varied from 12.0% (Otjiwarongo) to 50.0% (Otavi) in goats and from 13.3% (Otjiwarongo) to 41.7% (Windhoek) in sheep. The regional distribution of chlamydial infections was not related to geographical or climatic factors. Sera from herds showing symptoms indicative for chlamydial infections showed significantly higher antibody rates (35% in goats and 39% in sheep) than sera from herds without health problems (18% in goats and 24% in sheep). Considering only sera from farms with clinical history of chlamydiosis, high seroprevalences were correlated to the symptoms abortion and keratoconjunctivitis. As in other countries, enzootic abortion seems to be the main manifestation of chlamydial infection in small ruminants in Namibia. C. psittaci might also play a considerable role in the etiology of infectious keratoconjunctivitis, whereas association with other clinical entities seems to be rare.     

呼伦贝尔地区绵羊布鲁菌病血清抗体调查

通过对临床血清样本布鲁菌抗体检测,调查呼伦贝尔地区绵羊布鲁菌病发生与流行情况.应用虎红平板凝集试验对906份绵羊血清进行了布鲁菌血清抗体检测,结果羔羊、基础母羊和商品羊的抗体阳性率分剐为5.28%、5.68%和4.22%,总的抗体阳性率为4.86%.     

我国部分地区牛羊弓形虫血清流行病学调查

为了解我国牛羊弓形虫病流行情况,应用间接血凝试验（IHA）对河南、山东、山西、内蒙古、云南、贵州6省区151份牛血清、50份奶样、490份羊血清进行了弓形虫病血清流行病学调查。结果显示：151份被检牛血清和50份牛奶样品,弓形虫抗体均为阴性。490份羊血清弓形虫抗体总阳性率5.71％,其中母羊、公羊血清阳性率分别为4.03％和9.79％;山羊、绵羊、杂交羊血清阳性率分别为6.58％、4.81％和5.13％;阳性率最高的为公山羊（13.2％）,最低的为母绵羊（2.96％）。28份阳性羊血清中,75％的抗体滴度为1：64,25％的抗体滴度为1：256。1岁后的羊,随年龄增长,血清阳性率升高。     

Risk factors for Brucella seropositivity in goat herds in eastern and western Uganda.

Cross-sectional prevalences and risk factors for Brucella seropositivity in goats in eastern and western Uganda were investigated. Serum was collected from 1518 goats randomly selected from 145 herds which had been identified using multistage sampling. The brucellosis card test (CT) and the Brucella melitensis tube-agglutination test (TAT) were used in parallel to detect antibodies against B. abortus and B. melitensis, respectively. Interviewer-administered questionnaires were used to collect information on goat health and management. This information was used in multivariable logistic-regression models to determine the risk factors for Brucella seropositivity in goat herds. For each analysis, a herd was considered positive if at least one goat in the herd tested positive for antibodies against Brucella and negative if none was positive.Four percent (55/1480) of the goats screened with the CT had antibodies against Brucella. The reactors were distributed in 13% (19/145) of the herds. The most-important herd-level risk factors identified were use of a hired caretaker as the primary manager of the operation compared to owner/family members (adjusted odds ratio (OR)=8.1; 95% CI 1.6, 39.7), keeping sheep in addition to goats (OR=6.0; CI 1.5, 23.7) compared to having no sheep, and free browsing (OR=4.7; 95% CI 1.0, 20.7) when compared to tethering or zero-grazing.Using the TAT, 10% (141/1446) of the goats tested positive. The positives were distributed in 43% (63/145) of the herds. Free browsing (OR=6.7; 95% CI 2.7, 16.9) when compared to tethering or zero-grazing and lack of veterinary care (OR=2.9; CI 1.3, 6.7) were the most-important factors identified in the multivariable model for B. melitensis herd seropositivity.To explore/reduce the risk of misclassification in a secondary analysis, herds were reclassified as positive if at least one goat tested positive on both tests and negative if none of the goats was positive on any of the two tests. Using this classification, 2% (30/1320; 95% CI 2, 3%) of the goats tested positive resulting in 13% (12/93) of the herds being positive. The distribution of the above risk factors by brucellosis herd-status (as defined by the second criterion) is also presented.     

屠宰羊弓形虫感染情况调查

为了保障羊肉制品的生物安全,对屠宰羊进行弓形虫感染情况调查以及对羊肉进行弓形虫检测。采用间接血凝试验,对677份屠宰羊的血清进行了弓形虫抗体检测。结果显示,弓形虫抗体阳性有47份,阳性率为6.9%。     

A serological survey of selected pathogens in wild boar in Slovenia

Serum samples collected from 178 shot wild boars (Sus scrofa) were tested for the presence of antibodies against classical swine fever virus, Aujeszky's disease virus (ADV), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, porcine respiratory coronavirus (PRCV), transmissible gastroenteritis virus, swine influenza virus, porcine parvovirus (PPV), swine vesicular disease virus, Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (APP), Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, Salmonella spp., Brucella spp. and Haemophilus parasuis (HPS) throughout Slovenia during the hunting season 2003/2004. The number of samples corresponds to 3% of the total hunting bag. By enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) antibodies against ADV were detected in 55 sera (31%), against PRCV in five sera (3%), PPV in 87 sera (49%), APP in 93 sera (52%), M. hyopneumoniae in 38 sera (21%), Salmonella spp. in 85 sera (47%) and HPS in 33 sera (18%).