荷斯坦牛生产体内性控胚胎的试验研究

本研究采用荷斯坦牛X-性控冻精和超数排卵技术生产奶牛体内性控胚胎。结果显示,使用阴道栓(Cue-Mate)对31头供体奶牛进行同期发情处理,发情率为100%,且发情时间较集中。31头供体奶牛共回收胚胎321枚,头均回收胚胎10.35枚,其中可用胚胎225枚,头均可用胚胎7.26枚。选择36头黄牛受体进行单胚移植,其中21头移植鲜胚,妊娠10头,妊娠率47.62%;15头移植冻胚,妊娠6头,妊娠率40.00%。     

补饲后贵州本地和杂交黄牛胚胎移植效果比较

试验用黄牛203头,其中杂交牛34头,本地牛169头,分2批进行。第一批杂交牛26头,本地牛111头,经补饲60d后,杂交牛和本地牛作为受体牛可利用率为80.75%和37.83%;用CIDR-PG法,加注VA-D-E做同期发情处理,杂交牛和本地牛同期发情率分别为95.23%和97.62%,黄体合格率分别为66.67%和83.33%,妊娠率为57.1%和62.8%。第二批杂交牛8头,本地牛58头,补饲100d后,杂交牛和本地牛作为受体牛的利用率分别为87.9%和87.5%,同期发情处理后,同期率均为100.0%,黄体合格率为100.0%和56.86%,妊娠率为85.7%和68.9%。补饲100d后杂交牛和本地牛作为受体牛的可利用率、同期发情率以及妊娠率差异不显著,说明补饲不仅可以提高本地黄牛的体况,扩大受体牛群选择面,同时可使胚胎移植妊娠率得到显著提高。     

补饲后贵州本地和杂交黄牛胚胎移植效果比较

试验用黄牛203头,其中杂交牛34头,本地牛169头,分2批进行。第1批杂交牛26头,本地牛111头,经补饲60 d后,杂交牛和本地牛作为受体牛可利用率分别为80.75%和37.83%;用CIDR-PG法,加维生素A、维生素D、维生素E做同期发情处理,杂交牛和本地牛同期发情率分别为95.23%和97.62%,黄体合格率为66.67%和83.33%,妊娠率为51.7%和62.8%。第2批杂交牛8头,本地牛58头,补饲100 d后,作为受体牛的利用率分别为87.9%和87.5%,同期发情处理后,同期率均为100%,黄体合格率为100%和56.86%,妊娠率为85.7%和68.9%。补饲100 d后杂交牛和本地牛作为受体牛的可利用率、同期发情率以及妊娠率差异不显著,说明补饲不仅可以提高本地黄牛的体况,扩大受体牛群选择面,同时可使胚胎移植妊娠率得到显著提高。     

利用夏季自然发情的云南黄牛进行奶牛胚胎移植效果研究

利用夏季自然发情的云南黄牛为受体,开展了奶牛体内冷冻胚胎移植。留用的114头受体牛中,本地黄牛59头,年龄在3~10岁,均为经产牛,最终移植27头,西杂牛56头(其中2岁以下的青年牛26头),移植29头(青年牛11头),两个品种受体利用率分别为45.8%和51.8%;移植后妊娠率分别为59.3%和55.2%;解冻的63枚胚胎移植给了56头受体牛,A级胚胎单独移植和B、C级胚胎搭配移植最终妊娠结果分别是58.5%(24/41)和53.3%(8/15);发情后第6 d和第7 d移植妊娠率分别为56%和58.1%。结果表明,1~10岁的西杂牛和3~10岁体型较大的本地黄牛均可作为受体移植奶牛胚胎;利用自然发情的云南黄牛做受体移植效果较为理想,是一种经济、方便、适合云南广大农村推广的技术途径;A级胚胎单独移植和B、C级搭配移植可获得较为理想的妊娠结果;处于发情后第6 d和第7 d的云南黄牛都可以作为桑囊期奶牛胚胎的移植受体。     

皮埃蒙特牛胚胎移植试验报告

选择健康、繁殖和营养状况良好的眼埃蒙特供体母牛和同样条件的南阳受体黄牛,通过同期发情、超数排卵、胚胎移植待技术处理,观测皮埃蒙特牛在发展南阳肉牛方面的实际应用效果。试验结果：冷冻胚胎移植黄牛妊娠泫为３２．５％;超排处理皮埃蒙特肉牛３头获胚２０枚,可用胚１０枚,全部用于鲜胚移植,妊娠率为６０％,同期发情处理受体黄牛４１头,发情率为８０．４９％,７２小时发情率为８７．８８％。     

奶牛超数排卵及胚胎移植的试验研究

本试验采用FSH＋PG的方法对22头供体荷斯坦牛分两批进行了超数排卵处理,140头受体南阳黄牛和供体牛采用2次PG法分批进行了同期发情处理。结果如下：（1）共有20头供体牛、104头受体牛在第二次注射PG后96h内发情,同期发情率分别为90.90%和74.29%;（2）20头供体牛回收胚胎176枚,可用胚胎140枚/头,平均回收胚胎8.8枚/头,平均可用胚胎7.0枚/头,可用胚胎比率79.55%;（3）104头南阳黄牛受体均移植单胚,51头妊娠,妊娠率为49.04%。     

牛胚胎移植试验报告

2000年9月至2003年9月,在大通县青林、多林、逊让、向化等9个乡镇开展了安格斯牛、荷斯坦、皮埃蒙特牛冷冻胚胎移植工作。经过对298头当地黄牛母牛及杂交母牛进行了诱导同期发情,结果获得93.29%的同期发情率和38.13%的黄体合格率。对于黄体合格的106头母牛进行了安格斯、荷斯坦、皮埃蒙特牛冷冻胚胎移植,获得移植妊娠率42.5%。     

蛋氨酸铜对隐性发情大别山牛外周血生殖激素分泌的影响

[目的]日粮中添加蛋氨酸铜旨在为防治隐性发情提供理论依据。[方法]选用12头膘情中等、生殖机能正常、隐性发情的空怀青年大别山牛母牛,随机分为3组,研究补饲铜(蛋氨酸铜为铜源,日粮分别添加0、10和20mg Cu/kg DM)对隐性发情大别山牛发情周期中外周血生殖激素(E2、P、T、LH、FSH)分泌规律的影响和对隐性发情的防制效果。[结果]表明,添加铜20mg Cu/kg DM组提高了发情周期E2的平均浓度(P0.01)、降低P(P0.01)的平均浓度,同时20mg组显著改善了大别山黄牛的隐性发情,发情外部表现评分从4提高到8.125,正常发情率达到75%。[结论]说明添加蛋氨酸铜源铜水平20 mg/kg DM能够影响隐性发情大别山黄牛的生殖激素分泌,能有效的防治大别山牛的隐性发情。     

利用PG诱导断奶母猪发情与人工授精的受胎效果观察

采用氯前列烯醇(PG-CL)对断奶后10 d以上不发情母猪进行诱导发情,发情后结合促排3号,采用人工授精进行输精.结果表明,累计诱导断奶母猪50头,发情38头,发情率76%,进行人工授精输精后妊娠35头,受胎率92.1%,产仔数413头,平均窝产仔数11.8头.对照组在断奶后10～31 d自然发情24头,发情率48%,...     

氯前列烯醇在家畜繁殖中的应用

1调节母畜发情据报道,用氯前列烯醇0.4毫克/头对103头次经直肠检查确认有功能黄体的健康未孕成年母黄牛进行同期发情处理,发情反应率95.1%(98/103),从注射到发情平均间隔时间为50.5小时,在38~62小时范围内发情母牛为88.3%(91/103)。对74头母牛     

胚胎移植受体黄牛的试验研究

试验期内共选择受体黄牛５９头，冻胚移植３３头，选择移植率达５５．５％，妊娠１１头，移植受胎率达３３．３％，分娩９头，妊娠产犊率达８１．８％，经过选牛实足和资料整理，从中得出几项有价值的数据。     

湖南省洞口县第二例牛尿素中毒诊治报告

1前言湖南省洞口县第二例牛尿素中毒,制做了简易竹洞针,进行左赚部套洞针(竹洞针)穿刺术放气,灌入食醋,葡萄糖输液等抢救和治疗方案。牛场存栏328头,239头中毒,发病率72.9%,治疗239头,治愈216头,治愈率90.4%,较首例牛尿素中毒病例治愈率100%,降低9.6个百分点,瘤胃膨气病病牛128头,治愈105头,治愈率82.0%,较洞口县首例牛尿素中毒病例治愈率100%,下降18.0个百分点;并对牛瘤胃膨气病最佳抢救时间和尿素养牛正确用量用法进行了探索,供同行参考。     

BMY热带肉牛的生长性能研究

通过婆墨云(BMY)扩繁和婆罗门(BB)公牛与墨云(MY)母牛或婆墨(BM)公牛与婆云(BY)母牛杂交选育，至2000年底，累计形成BMY牛747头，共建立核心母牛群315头。BMY牛表现生长快成熟早，18月龄体重为成熟体重的80％；繁殖成活率为77．86％；在全放牧条件下，18月龄体重可达300kg以上，18月龄和30月龄牛的平均屠宰率达55．50％，平均净肉率为46．27％，分别比云南黄牛提高18．10和21．92个百分点，且优质切块占胴体重的39.3％。     

BMY热带肉牛的生长性能研究

通过婆莫云(BMY)扩繁和婆罗门(BB)公牛与莫云(MY)母牛或婆莫(BM)公牛与婆云(BY)母牛杂交选育，至2000年底，累计形成BMY牛747头，共建立核心母牛群315头。BMY牛表现出生长快成熟早的特点，18月龄体重为成熟体重的80％；繁殖成活率为77．86％；在全放牧条件下，18月龄体重可达300kg以上，18月龄牛的平均屠宰率达55．50％，平均净肉率为46．27％，分别比云南黄牛提高18．10和21．92个百分点，且优质切块占胴体重的39．3％。     

Studies on dentition and oral disorders of Camels in Maiduguri Abattoir,Borno State,Nigeria

Camelus dromedarius dental disorders were surveyed using abattoir samples from Maiduguri, Nigeria. A total of 313 heads, were randomly examined. The age and sex of the heads were estimated using standard methods and disorders were observed following the split of the oral commissure. Heads with multiple disorders were counted once and of 313 heads, 114 (41.67 %) and 199 (58.33 %) were males and females, respectively. Heads aged <5 years was 18.21 %; 5–10 years, 44.41 %; and >15 years was 37.38 %. Whereas 22.61 % of the total heads had one disorder or another, 7.98 and 14.06 % of the disorders belonged to male and female heads, respectively. The prevalence rate of the disorders observed include dental tartar and calculus (5.42 %), inward rotation of incisors (2.87 %), fractured teeth (7.66 %), maleruption (0.31 %), oligodontia (0.31 %), gingivitis (4.15 %), ulcerated cheek(0.63 %), and presence of foreign body(0.31 %) in the mouth. Prevalence rate of oral-cavity abnormalities in relation to age of the total heads is 5.75, 5.11, and 10.54 % for animals <5, between 5 and 10 years, and 10–15 years, respectively. Furthermore, heads that were affected with various types of disorders are 31.58 % (<5 years of age), 11.51 % (aged 5–10 years), and 28.21 % (>15 years). The study serves as a call for increased oral-cavity health care of camels.     

植物小肽替代部分鱼粉和豆粕对1～2胎母猪繁殖性能以及仔猪活力的影响

试验旨在研究妊娠后期和哺乳期母猪饲粮中添加植物小肽对1~2胎二元杂种母猪繁殖性能以及初生仔猪活力的影响。采用单因素试验设计,选取40头妊娠90 d的二元杂种母猪(杜洛克伊大白,1~2胎),按随机区组法分为2个处理,每个处理20个重复,每个重复1头母猪。对照组饲喂商品哺乳母猪饲粮(含2%鱼粉),植物小肽组饲喂2%植物小肽(替代1%豆粕和1%鱼粉)。试验期共45 d(从妊娠90 d至21 d断奶)。试验结果表明,两个处理组母猪繁殖性能差异不显著(P>0.05),但与对照组相比,植物小肽组弱仔减少了0.55头(P>0.05),木乃伊胎提高了0.20头(P=0.080)。植物小肽组仔猪初生窝重增加了1.26 kg(P>0.05),初生个体重增加了0.13 kg(P=0.077)。植物小肽组哺乳仔猪死淘率和腹泻率分别比对照组低31.01%和64.14%。两个处理组初生仔猪活力无显著差异(P>0.05)。综上所述,在本试验条件下,1~2胎母猪妊娠后期和哺乳期饲粮中添加2%植物小肽替代部分鱼粉和豆粕不影响母猪繁殖性能,还能一定程度增加仔猪初生重,对仔猪活力无影响。     

Prevalence and larval burden of oestrus ovis (Linné 1761) in sheep and goats in northern mediterranean region of France

A slaughterhouse survey to determine prevalence and larval burden of Oestrus ovis larvae in sheep and goats was performed monthly during one year in Pézenas, South of France, northern mediterranean region. A total of 1303 sheep and goat heads were selected at random. O. ovis larvae were found in 274 sheep out of 631 (43.4%), and the prevalence rate varied from 14.3% in February to 65% in October. The mean number of larvae in infected sheep heads was 10.86 with 9.24 L1, 0.91 L2 and 0.71 L3. One hundred and ninety-one goats out of 672 were infected (28.4%), and the prevalence rate varied from 6.25% in September to 47.1% in April. In infected goat heads, the mean parasitic burden was 5.35 with 4.04 L1, 0.73 L2 and 0.58 L3. These results confirm worldwide observations indicating that the prevalence and the parasitic burdens are less in goats than in sheep.     

犊牛类圆线虫病调查

笔者１９８５～１９９３年对犊牛类圆线虫病作流行病调查，１８５０头水牛犊类圆线虫虫卵阳性率１８％，１７５头腹泻水牛犊阳性率１３．８％，１～１０日龄均为阴性，１１～９０日龄阳性率２３％，９１～１６１日龄阳性率１７％，１６１～３６０日供阳性率１４．６％；１～３月份阳性率１７％，４～８月份阳性率２０．５％，９～１２月份阳性率１２％。     

陇东绒山羊专门化品系选育研究报告

选育和提高陇东绒山羊的生产性能,以陇东绒山羊为试验动物,采用数量遗传学和现代繁殖新技术,在甘肃东部地区选育出陇东绒山羊专门化新品系,数量达到18 685只,其中绒长型9 632只,绒细型9 053只。新品系被毛全白,以产绒为主,绒肉兼用,两品系特一级成年公母羊产绒量分别为626.49 g、506.87 g和601.67 g、465.76 g;羊绒细度分别为15.02μm、14.82μm和14.49μm、14.25μm;羊绒伸直长度分别为90.37 mm、75.82 mm和85.41 mm、79.78 mm;春季体重两品系公母羊分别为36 kg和28 kg以上,屠宰率为47.68%,经产母羊产羔率105%。选育结果陇东绒山羊专门化品系外貌特征一致,遗传性能稳定,白色个体稳定在97.6%以上,繁殖性能良好,其中双羔率占约5%。陇东绒山羊专门化新品系具有体质结实,角型整齐,被毛全白,产绒量高,羊绒品质优良,耐粗饲,抗病力强,适应干旱环境条件等优点。     

Accuracy of pregnancy diagnosis in swine by ultrasonography

Early and accurate diagnosis of nonpregnant sows and gilts has the potential to increase reproductive efficiency and the financial income in pig production by reducing non-productive days per sow per year. The objectives of this study were to compare the efficiency of pregnancy diagnosis between Doppler Echo+ and real time ultrasonography (RTU) and to compare the efficiency by using RTU at different days post-mating (days 17 to 24) under commercial conditions. In the 1st study, using crossbreed sows and gilts (n=107), pregnancy diagnoses were done with Doppler Echo+ and then with RTU. Between 28 and 65 days of gestation, Doppler Echo+ had 85% sensitivity and 32% specificity, and efficiency was 73%. In the 2nd study, sows (n=142) were scanned for pregnancy diagnosis between 17 and 24 d post-mating (PD1) and reconfirmed between 38 and 45 days of gestation (PD2). After 21 days of gestation, RTU had over 90% sensitivity and 45% specificity, and 70% efficiency. Accuracy between PD1-farrowing was 75.5% and between PD1 and PD2 was 80.6%. In the 3rd study, sows were diagnosed pregnant by RTU (n=151) at 17 to 24 days of gestation or A-mode ultrasound (n=172) at 28 to 30 days of gestation. There were no significant differences in conception rate (P > 0.09) and farrowing rate (P > 0.67) between both groups. Hence, there was no improvement in fertility and farrowing rate by using RTU instead of A-mode ultrasound under commercial conditions.