正确使用畜禽饲料添加剂

正确使用畜禽饲料添加剂不少地方因使用畜禽添加剂而中毒的现象时有发生，原因是使用添加剂不当所致。有的农民认为添加剂的用量越多越好。其实，多用的结果不仅影响了畜禽生长，甚至造成中毒。有的农民是两种或几种添加剂混合使用，但混合使用有如增加用量一样，也会造成...     

羔羊肥育饲料添加剂的研制与饲喂试验

饲料添加剂具有补充或平衡饲料营养,促进畜禽生长,预防疾病,提高产品的产量和质量,节省饲料,降低成本等多种功能。科学使用添加剂是迅速提高畜禽生产水平和经济效益的有效措施。这一实用技术已先后在禽、猪、牛生产中广泛应用,取得了良好效果。但在养羊生产特别是肉...     

鸽电解多维中毒诊治

电解多维是一种营养性添加剂，其可预防畜禽维生素缺乏，提高饲料报酬，增强畜禽抗病力，但长期、大剂量将电解多维作为饲料添加剂或常用药物使用可造成畜禽等动物中毒。     

中药饲料添加剂在鸡养殖业中研究进展与应用

正近几十年来,养殖业一直使用抗生素、激素和化学合成药物等饲料添加剂增加畜禽的产量和数量。然而,抗生素等物质在畜禽饲养中长期使用,会导致病原微生物产生耐药性,畜禽的二重感染和药物残留等副作用。因而,研制开发绿色、安全、无残留、无耐药性的饲料添加剂已变得非常必要。微生态制剂、酶制剂、中药饲料添加剂是目前研究较多的三种绿色安全饲料添加     

畜禽专用性抗生素饲料添加剂

抗生素添加于饲料中用以促进畜禽生长发育和提高饲料报酬已有近60年的历史，但为了避免由于抗生素的滥用引起耐药菌株大量繁殖或使药物在畜产品中的残留量增大，对畜禽生长及人体健康造成直接危害，人们已开始更多地使用一些畜禽专用的抗生素饲料添加剂如泰乐菌素、杆菌肽等，常用的已达数十种之多。目前虽然关于是否应该在饲料中使用抗生素存在众多的争议，但实践证明，合理地使用抗生素添加剂能促进畜禽生长，提高饲料转化率。同时也有报告显示，不允许在饲料中添加抗生素或其他抗菌促生长剂的国家，会造成畜牧业生产成本增加、盈利减少，…     

如何选用饲料添加剂

目前饲料添加剂已广泛应用,对促进畜禽生长发育、提高产蛋、产肉和毛皮质量等方面,均获得了良好效果。应用时,应根据地区特点、畜禽品种、饲养条件、营养状况以及原料价格等情况,选不同比型的添加剂。如北方地区普遍缺硒,就用高硒生长素之类添加剂。这种添加剂,对土壤含硒量很高地区的畜禽则不能使用,     

使用饲料添加剂的误区

随着动物营养科学的发展与应用,饲料添加剂的使用已普及,对提高畜禽生产经营效益起到了一定的作用。但由于一些饲养者对饲料添加剂缺乏正确的认识和了解,在使用时有不少误区。 误区一:把饲料添加剂当万能灵药。不少畜禽饲养户听、看到各种形式的广告宣传,就以为不管在什么条件下使用添加剂都可以收到良好效果。畜禽生长必须要有其所必需的营养物质,如蛋白质、能量等基本条件,决不可能用统糠加上饲料     

浅谈控制抗生素添加剂在畜禽饲料中的使用

近年来随着我国经济的高速发展,人民群众的生活水平越来越高,对食品安全问题也愈加关注.现在,肉蛋奶等高蛋白的动物源食品在我国人民的主食当中占有很高的比例,畜禽养殖因消费需求的快速增长而得到了广泛的发展.饲料是畜禽养殖的重要生产资料,饲料中使用抗生素添加剂在我国有着较长的历史,虽然人们对饲料中使用抗生素添加剂存在疑虑,但是饲料生产企业在畜禽饲料中滥用抗生素添加剂的状况一直都没有得到改善.因此,控制抗生素添加剂在畜禽饲料中的使用成为一项亟待解决的课题.     

碳酸氢钠在饲料工业和畜禽生产中的应用

碳酸氢钠作为饲料添加剂在国外已有20多年的历史,早在1977年,美国就把碳酸氢钠添加到畜禽饲料中,目前,美国每年用作饲料添加剂的碳酸氢钠的数量达6万吨;而日本则于1983年正式进行推广使用,英国等也正在大力推广。国内的应用研究虽然尚处于初级阶段,但大多数试验已充分表明,应用碳酸氢钠作为饲料添加剂,对促进畜禽生长发育,提高畜禽的生产性能具有明显的使用。     

畜禽氟中毒及其预防

随着营养研究的不断深入，微量元素氟在畜禽营养中所扮演的角色已逐渐明确。近来，在畜禽生产中由于使用氟处理不当的磷酸氢钙添加剂，致使饲料中氟含量过高而引起畜禽慢性氟中毒，给生产带来较大的经济损失。如何减轻及控制氟中毒已成为目前生产上急需解决的问题。     

Qualitative Comparison of 0.27T, 1.5T,and 3T Magnetic Resonance Images of the Normal Equine Foot

Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging has become an important diagnostic tool in the investigation of foot pain in horses. The aim of this study was to qualitatively compare ex-vivo MR images of the same equine feet obtained at three magnetic field strengths: 0.27, 1.5, and 3 tesla (T). Ten cadaver feet were used. All feet were imaged with two high-field systems (3T, 1.5T) and with a low-field (LF) system at 0.27 T designed for standing horses. Images were acquired using similar pulse sequences in all 3 MR units. MR images were subjectively evaluated by three independent experienced image analysts for image quality and clarity of visualization of individual anatomical structures using a four-point grading scale. The images from all of the examinations were considered to be of diagnostic value except for the hoof capsule where substantial artifacts were present in LF images with distortion and loss of signal at the dorsal/distal aspect of the hoof capsule in LF images. Anatomical structure scoring values of images obtained at 3T and 1.5T were significantly greater than scores of images obtained at 0.27T. Scores for images obtained at 3T were significantly higher than those for images obtained at 1.5T. Mean score differences between 1.5T and 3T were higher for cartilage of the distal interphalangeal joint and for the ungular cartilages.     

The effects of stress on gastric ulceration, T3, T4, reverse T3 and cortisol in neonatal foals.

Sixteen neonatal foals stressed by disease underwent endoscopic examination of their stomachs and blood was assayed for triiodothyronine (T3), reverse T3 (rT3), thyroxine (T4) and cortisol, to determine the effects of severe physiological stress and the occurrence of gastric ulcers. compared with eight age-matched controls, six foals had abnormal cortisol, seven had abnormal T3 and 12 had abnormal T4. Eleven of 13 foals had rT3 outside the 95 per cent confidence interval for clinically normal foals of comparable ages. Gastric lesions were seen more frequently in stressed foals, and gastric glandular mucosal lesions were noted in 40 per cent of the stressed foals. Previous studies report low (3 per cent) occurrence of gastric mucosal lesions. The frequency of squamous mucosal lesions was not different from that reported previously, indicating that stress has little effect on the development of lesions at this site.     

犬眠宝异氟醚麻醉及手术对犬血浆中T3、T4影响

为了观察犬眠宝注射麻醉和异氟醚吸入麻醉对经历去势术犬血浆中甲状腺激素T3、T4的影响,试验将20只实验犬随机均分为犬眠宝注射麻醉组(Q组)和异氟醚吸入麻醉组(I组),每组10只。两组分别进行犬去势术,术中进行麻醉监测,并采静脉血,用放射性免疫法(RIA),检测血浆的含量,测定血浆中的T3、T4。试验结果表明,犬眠宝、异氟醚麻醉及手术对犬血浆中T3、T4的影响具有相似之处,均表现为术中升高,术后持续降低直至48h恢复到麻醉前水平。     

Effects of storage times and temperatures on T3, T4, LH, prolactin, insulin, cortisol and progesterone concentrations in blood samples from cows

Little is known about stability of hormones in blood samples stored under various conditions. This study was conducted to examine stability of triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), luteinizing hormone (LH), prolactin, insulin, cortisol and progesterone in blood and serum samples. Experiment 1 was designed to determine if concentrations of these hormones were affected by exposure to cellular elements of anticoagulated and coagulated blood when stored at 4 C and room temperature (22 to 26 C). Jugular venous blood was collected from six diestrous Holstein cows into evacuated bottles containing sodium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), heparin or no anticoagulant. Subsamples of EDTA-treated and heparinized blood were stored .25, .5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 24 and 72 h at 4 C or room temperature. Subsamples of blood without anticoagulant were stored in polypropylene tubes (clot tubes) or serum separator tubes for 1, 2, 4, 8, 24 ad 72 h. Mean concentrations of T3, T4, LH, prolactin and cortisol did not change in plasma or serum from either of the four types of samples stored at 4 C or room temperature for 72 h. The mean insulin concentration decreased 18% by 72 h in serum from serum separator tubes stored at room temperature. At 4 C, mean progesterone concentrations decreased 55% by 24 h and 73% by 72 h in plasma from EDTA-treated blood; 41% by 72 h in serum from clot tubes, and 26% by 24 h and 36% by 72 h in serum from serum separator tubes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

围产期患高发代谢病奶牛T_4、T_3、TSH、I含量动态变化的研究

试验以处于围产期的68头奶牛(以健康经产牛为对照组,患酮病、脂肪肝、胎衣不下牛为试验组)为研究对象,在奶牛产前第15,8,1天和产后第1,8,15,22天分别采集颈静脉血检测血清中甲状腺激素[四碘甲腺原氨酸(T4)和三碘甲腺原氨酸(T3)]、促甲状腺激素(TSH)、碘(I)的含量。结果表明:健康的经产牛围产期血清中T4、T3、TSH、I均呈现波浪式动态变化,最高值分别出现在产前第1天、产后第22天、产后第1天、产前第15天;TSH最低值出现在产前第15天,其他检测指标最低值出现在产后第1天。患酮病的奶牛和患脂肪肝的奶牛围产期处于缺碘状态,其产后甲状腺机能出现减退;患脂肪肝期间同时伴发甲状腺功能减退症;患胎衣不下的奶牛围产期碘含量低于正常值,其产犊前后伴发亚临床甲状腺功能减退症。数据统计结果显示:奶牛血清中T4与TSH、T3、I的相关系数分别为-0.749,0.535,0.691;T3与TSH、I的相关系数分别为-0.502,0.457。     

Influence of exogenous T4 on body weight, feed consumption, T4 levels, and myocardial glycogen in furazolidone-fed turkey poults.

Ten turkey poults each were placed in one of four groups: control, thyroxine (T4), furazolidone (FZ), and FZ + T4. Thyroxine (T4), at a concentration of 1 ppm, was included in the ration of poults fed T4 and FZ + T4, and furazolidone (FZ), at a concentration of 700 ppm, was included in the ration of poults fed FZ and FZ + T4 from 2 to 5 weeks of age. Levels of plasma T4 decreased significantly (P less than or equal to 0.05) between 2 and 5 weeks in control and FZ poults. At 5 weeks, plasma T4 levels were significantly (P less than or equal to 0.05) lower in FZ poults than in control poults and significantly (P less than or equal to 0.05) lower in the FZ + T4 poults than in the T4 poults. Exogenous administration of T4 had no effect on development of the round heart syndrome or on body weight, but significantly increased feed consumption in FZ-fed poults during weeks 4 (P less than or equal to 0.05) and 5 (P less than or equal to 0.01). Inclusion of T4 in the ration increased plasma levels of the hormone 12x in both T4 and FZ + T4 poults and significantly (P less than or equal to 0.05) increased myocardial glycogen content in T4 poults but not in FZ + T4 poults.     

妊娠后期限饲对母羊分娩后血中GH、IGF-I、T3、T4和INS浓度的影响

选择经同期发情且同期受孕,妊娠90 d的健康蒙古绵羊100只,分为代谢能(ME)0.175 MJ/(kgw0.75.d)(RG1)0、.33 MJ/(kgw0.75.d)(RG2)以及自由采食对照组(CG)3个营养水平处理组,研究妊娠后期不同营养水平限制饲养对母羊分娩后生理补偿期内血中GH、IGF-I、T3、T4和INS浓度的影响。结果表明:母羊从分娩后10 d开始,各限制组RG1和RG2组GH浓度均处于较高水平,而IGF-I、INS、T3、T4浓度仍处于较低水平,与对照组相比差异不显著;分娩30 d后,各组各指标变化复杂,RG1和RG2组GH浓度均有所下降,而IGF-I、INS、T3、T4浓度缓慢回升,到150 d后,各限制组GHI、GF-II、NS、T3、T4浓度都与对照组水平持平,而且在整个生理补偿期内,RG2组表现更突出。     

中药添加剂对猪生产性能及血清GH、T3、T4的影响研究

随着现代养殖业的发展,饲料添加剂被广泛应用于畜禽生产,但是长期使用会造成畜产品有毒有害物质的残留,危害人类健康。而中药添加剂以其安全无害、毒副作用小等优点,日益受到人们的青睐。此次试验将中药饲料添加剂以不同的剂量,在相同基础日粮水平下进行饲喂试验,测定其对猪生长速度和血清GH、T3、T4的影响,为中草药添加剂对猪的促生长、改善肉的品质提供充分的理论依据。1材料与方法1.1中药添加剂中药添加剂由黄芪、党参、麦饭石、山楂、神曲、麦芽、何首乌、石膏、元明粉、女贞子等中草药组成方剂。各味药均购自河北省安国市药材市场。…     

Comparison of the effects of infection with Trichostrongylus colubriformis, T. vitrinus and T. rugatus in merino lambs

Groups of six worm-free merino lambs were infected with 100,000 larvae of T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, T. rugatus or a mixture of the three species and were slaughtered 21 days later. Nematodes were distributed predominantly in the first 3 m of the small intestine where they caused subtotal villus atrophy. T. vitrinus caused severe erosion of the epithelium; erosion was less severe with T. colubriformis infections and mild with T. rugatus infections. Plasma concentrations of albumin declined during the experiment and were most marked in sheep infected with T. vitrinus. Plasma phosphate concentrations declined during infection with all three species, while plasma concentrations of globulin and calcium declined only in sheep infected with T. vitrinus. Food intake was reduced in all groups, but was most marked with sheep infected with T. vitrinus. T. vitrinus appeared to be more pathogenic than the other species.