季节对美系杜洛克母猪胴体和肉质性能的影响

本试验测定了不同季节对美系杜洛克的胴体和肉质参数的影响.结果提示季节对美系杜洛克猪的胴体品质无显著影响.在肉质参数中,秋冬季猪肉的红度(6.47±0.73)显著低于春夏季(8.78±0.85),贮存损失(3.26±0.88)也显著低于春夏季(5.63±0.64).     

不同品系杜洛克终端父本三元杂交商品猪生产指标的比较

为了比较不同品系杜洛克公猪三元杂交商品猪的哺乳期生长性能、育肥性能、胴体性状和肉质性状等的差异,试验选择丹系杜洛克、美系杜洛克同美系二元杂交母猪配种生产两种(丹系和美系)三元杂交商品猪,在相同批次分娩且在相同饲喂和饲养管理条件下测定了后代的生长性能、育肥性能、胴体性状和肉质性状。结果表明:哺乳期丹系和美系三元杂交仔猪日增重分别为266,233 g,二者间差异极显著(P0.01),丹系三元杂交商品猪的校正100 kg日龄和校正100 kg背膘厚极显著低于美系三元杂交商品猪(P0.001),校正100 kg眼肌面积和全程日增重极显著高于美系杜洛克三元杂交商品猪(P0.001);两品系间肉质指标差异不显著(P0.05)。说明丹系杜洛克公猪配种后代哺乳期间生长性能、育肥性能、屠宰率明显优于美系杜洛克公猪配种后代。     

不同品系杜洛克后代商品猪胴体性状的比较分析

为研究不同品系杜洛克作为终端父本对其后代商品猪胴体性状的影响,选取214和108头分别由美系和加系杜洛克公猪配种、出生时间相近(±2 d)和体重相近(35±5 kg)的后代三元商品猪进行育肥饲养,结束饲养后开展屠宰试验,测定背膘厚度、眼肌厚度、瘦肉率和肋骨数。结果显示:加系杜洛克商品后代的背膘厚度、眼肌厚度显著(P<0.05)高于美系杜洛克后代商品猪;加系杜洛克后代商品猪的瘦肉率、肋骨数显著(P<0.05)低于美系杜洛克。同一品系不同性别间背膘厚度、眼肌厚度、瘦肉率均不显著(P>0.05),加系商品公猪肋骨数极显著低于母猪肋骨数(P<0.01)。结论:美系杜洛克后代商品猪的胴体性状优于加系杜洛克后代商品猪。     

季节和屠宰日对商品猪胴体和肉质性状的影响

为了探讨季节和屠宰日对商品猪质量的影响，本试验测定了２个连续季节和４个屠宰日的９５头（４４阉５１母）商品猪的胴体和肉质。测定结果提示屠宰日对胴体和肉质参数无影响。季节则对肉质参数有显著影响。与春夏季肉猪相比，冬春季肉猪肉色较浅（Ｐ＜０．０１），肌肉色素含量较低（Ｐ＜０．０１），肉的终点ｐＨ值也较低（Ｐ＜０．０１）。     

杜洛克猪不同胴体部位的肉质参数测定

试验测定了10头100kg杜洛克母猪不同胴体部位的肉质参数。结果提示，胴体部位对某些肉质参数有显著影响，与后腿肌肉相比，前肩肌肉系水力较好，肌纤维较细，肌内脂肪含量较高，剪切力值较低。     

季节和采精月龄对扬翔华系杜洛克精液品质的影响

为研究季节和采精月龄对扬翔华系杜洛克精液品质的影响,研究统计分析2016年1月至2019年4月期间的所有采精数据,结果表明:在季节方面,炎热的夏季扬翔华系杜洛克除原精量[(159.75±59.79)mL]极显著高于春季[(152.29±58.00)mL]外,其活率、总精子数、有效精子数都极显著或显著低于其他三季,精子密度极显著低于春、冬季,与秋季差异不显著,畸形率极显著高于其他三季。采精月龄方面扬翔华系杜洛克精液质量从性成熟开始呈上升趋势,在30～35月龄时达到最佳,随后逐步降低。     

杜洛克猪、长白猪、大白猪和梅山猪组合配套杂交商品猪屠宰性能和肉质性状研究

为研究杜洛克猪(D)、长白猪(L)、大白猪(Y)和梅山猪(M)组合的配套杂交商品猪(DLYM)的胴体品质和肉质特性,本试验对其屠宰性能和肉质性状进行了系统测定。结果表明,DLYM瘦肉率为53.97%±6.82%;平均背膘厚为3.32 cm±0.52 cm;眼肌面积为46.01 cm²±3.14 cm²;屠宰后45 min的pH₁为6.69±0.52;熟化24 h后pH₂为5.68±0.74;屠宰后45 min光反射值为41.59±4.24;屠宰后24 h光反射值为49.42±5.61;大理石纹为2.33±0.07;滴水损失为3.58%±0.25%;剪切力为4.82 kg±1.36 kg。综合测定结果表明,DLYM杂交商品猪瘦肉率适中,在肉质性状和胴体品质方面表现突出,非常适应西南地区对优质猪肉的需求,达到了胴体与肉质平衡发展的需求,是一种简洁高效的优质杂交组合模式。     

新美系种猪胴体品质及肉质性状比较研究

本试验旨在探讨新美系长白、大白、杜洛克和巴克夏种猪的胴体及肉质性状表现。选取健康、体重30 kg左右的新美系长白、大白、杜洛克和巴克夏母猪各12头,按品种(品系)分成4个组,饲喂相同营养水平的日粮,试验期83天。试验结束时每组随机选取4头猪进行屠宰测定和肉质评定。结果表明(1)长白组皮率最低,且显著低于大白、杜洛克和巴克夏组(P<0.05);大白组体长最长,胴体直长显著高于长白组和杜洛克组,胴体斜长显著高于其他三组(P<0.05);杜洛克组后腿比和皮率最高,后腿比显著高于其他三组(P<0.05),皮率显著高于长白组和大白组(P<0.05),背膘厚最低,显著低于长白组(P<0.05);巴克夏组瘦肉率最低,并显著低于其他三组(P<0.05),脂肪率最高,显著高于大白组和杜洛克组(P<0.05)。(2)肉色和大理石纹等级评分、宰后1小时和24小时背最长肌pH值均以巴克夏组最高(P<0.05)。宰后1小时的L*值,大白组最低,其次是巴克夏组和长白组,杜洛克组最高,各组间的L*值、a*值和b*值差异不显著(P>0.05);宰后24小时的L*值,长白组最高,并极显著高于其他三组(P<0.01),各组间的a*值和b*值差异不显著(P>0.05)。综合分析认为:新美系长白猪、大白猪和杜洛克猪的胴体性状表现相近且优于巴克夏猪,而巴克夏猪的肉质性状表现最佳。     

配种季节对母猪繁殖性能的影响研究

为研究配种季节对母猪繁殖性能的影响,试验选用浙江某种猪有限公司2010-2013年的母猪繁殖记录,统计分析不同配种季节对大约克、长白、杜洛克和金华母猪繁殖性能的影响(总产仔数、产活仔数和初生窝重)。结果表明:配种季节对大约克、长白和杜洛克母猪的繁殖性能有极显著影响(P0.01),春、夏季节配种的母猪,其总产仔数极显著低于秋、冬季节配种的母猪(P0.01),夏季配种的母猪产活仔数极显著低于春、秋、冬季配种的母猪(P0.01)。冬季配种的母猪其仔猪初生窝重极显著高于春、夏、秋三季配种的母猪(P0.01)。配种季节对金华猪的繁殖性能未见明显影响(P0.05)。但秋、冬季节配种的母猪其总产仔数、产活仔数和初生窝重似有高于夏季配种母猪的趋势。     

新淮猪瘦肉系杂交育肥及胴体性能测定

选取长白猪×新淮猪瘦肉系(长淮组)、杜洛克猪×新淮猪瘦肉系(杜淮组)和新淮猪瘦肉系(新淮组)3个组合的试验猪进行育肥和屠宰测定。试验结果表明,长淮组、杜淮组和新淮组的平均日增重分别为(629.25±84.39)g、(677.72±58.06)g和(617.35±20.41)g,料重比分别为2.79、2.60和2.85,杜淮组最高。在胴体性状方面,长淮组屠宰率、瘦肉率最高,校正瘦肉率达64.83%;杜淮组眼肌面积最大,背膘最薄,校正瘦肉率为61.93%;新淮组眼肌面积最小,背膘最厚,校正瘦肉率为54.72%。在肉质性状方面,新淮组的肌内脂肪最低,为1.54%;长淮组最高,为2.14%;杜淮组次之,为1.98%。     

白术、微米白术和白术多糖对断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道形态及微生态区系的影响

试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。     

Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia

Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Y‐chromosomal variation of local goat breeds of Turkey close to the domestication centre

Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.     

The Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Dairy Cattle in Central Kenya

The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.     

Diversity of Ectoparasites in Sheep Flocks in Sa~o Paulo,Brazil

The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.     

Feline intracranial neoplasia: retrospective review of 160 cases (1985-2001)

The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of different tumor types within a large cohort of cats with intracranial neoplasia and to attempt to correlate signalment, tumor size and location, and survival time for each tumor. Medical records of 160 cats with confirmed intracranial neoplasia evaluated between 1985 and 2001 were reviewed. Parameters evaluated included age, sex, breed, FeLV/FIV status, clinical signs, duration of signs, number of tumors, tumor location(s), imaging results, treatment, survival times, and histopathologic diagnosis. Most of the cats were older (11.3 +/- 3.8 years). Primary tumors accounted for 70.6% of cases. Metastasis and direct extension of secondary tumors accounted for only 5.6 and 3.8% of cases, respectively. Twelve cats (7.5%) had 2 or more discrete tumors of the same type, whereas 16 cats (10.0%) had 2 different types of intracranial tumors. The most common tumor types were meningioma (n = 93, 58.1%), lymphoma (n = 23, 14.4%), pituitary tumors (n = 14, 8.8%), and gliomas (n = 12, 7.5%). The most common neurological signs were altered consciousness (n = 42, 26.2%), circling (n = 36, 22.5%), and seizures (n = 36, 22.5%). Cats without specific neurological signs were common (n = 34, 21.2%). The tumor was considered an incidental finding in 30 (18.8%) cats. In addition to expected relationships (eg, meninges and meningioma, pituitary and pituitary tumors), we found that lesion location was predictive of tumor type with diffuse cerebral or brainstem involvement predictive of lymphoma and third ventricle involvement predictive of meningioma.     

Evaluation of biohydrogenation rate of canola vs. soya bean seeds as unsaturated fatty acids sources for ruminants in situ

An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed.