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近年来,南美洲国家通过实施口蹄疫(FMD)消灭计划,基本实现了控制和消灭口蹄疫的目的。本文介绍了巴西、哥伦比亚、厄瓜多尔和玻利维亚等国口蹄疫的流行情况,阐明了在泛美卫生组织、泛美FMD中心等组织和机构协调下,南美洲各国通过建立口蹄疫消灭计划,实施科学有效的免疫,建立严格的移动控制与追溯体系,开展基于风险的监测和流行病学调查,并适时申请世界动物卫生组织(OIE)无疫认证,取得了良好成效。南美国家的FMD防控经验提示,科学防控策略、多方合作、及时评估与调整在FMD消灭过程中至关重要。 相似文献
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正一、国际流行现状及防控形势发病的国家或地区数量减少:防控力度持续增强,流行范围主要集中在欠发达国家,"一带一路"沿线区域是高发区。感染口蹄疫仍无有效的治疗方法,只能通过疫苗接种进行预防。经过多年努力,全球FMD防控取得了巨大成效,欧洲和美洲已基本消灭FMD。随着全球FMD控制策略的实施,FMD无疫区的范围会进一步扩大。目前,除一些发达国家消灭了FMD并保持无疫状 相似文献
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口蹄疫(Foot-and-Mouth Disease,FMD)是由FMD病毒(FMDV)引起的牛、羊、猪等偶蹄动物发生的一种急性、热性、高度接触性传染病,被国际兽医局(OIE)列为"A类烈性传染病"之首。根据OIE规定,一旦认定FMD暴发,那么所有感染和接触的动物都必需宰杀并销毁尸体,这不仅会造成巨大的直接经济损失,更会严重危害当地畜牧业的持续健康发展以及相关产品的对外贸易。本文简述了FMD的流行现状、防控政策,分析了FMD难以防控的原因,并提出防控技术研究建议。 相似文献
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2015年亚洲口蹄疫流行状况与分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
《中国兽医杂志》2016,(11)
<正>近年来,FAO、OIE等国际组织积极倡导和支持开展亚洲地区的口蹄疫(FMD)防控,旨在帮助亚洲国家按照区域化原则,逐步控制和消灭FMD,但由于受到经济、养殖模式和防控管理能力等因素的影响,亚洲每年发生FMD疫情的国家数量始终居高不下,除文莱、印尼、日本和新加坡等几个具有地理优势的岛国成为OIE认可的非免疫无疫国外,多数国家依然是FMD的重灾区或疫源地。1流行状况 相似文献
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一、口蹄疫流行近况
1.口蹄疲仍然是全世界最广泛的流行性疾病。据OIE对178个成员国家和地区2009~2010年FMD疫情状况的调查统计,确认发生过FMD的有132个,从未发生过FMD的仅有30个,其中大部分是岛国,其余16个国家状况不明。 相似文献
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Beran GW 《Preventive veterinary medicine》2008,86(3-4):198-207
When early people made their appearance, zoonotic infectious diseases were already waiting, but epidemic diseases did not appear in human history until people began to live in large numbers under conditions of close contact, mainly during the last 10,000 years. Disease has decimated urban populations, conquered armies, and disrupted society. The focus here is on (1) the plague of Athens and the Black Death; (2) smallpox, influenza, and rabies; (3) avian influenza prion diseases, and foot & mouth disease; and (4) emerging and re-emerging diseases. All have veterinary public health associations. In Athens, Greece, in 430 BC, when the Spartans ravaged the countryside, hordes crowded into Athens so that orderly movements, space in which to live, and adequate supplies of food became impossible. Crowding of any population fosters disease transmission; chaos and disorder enhance it all the more. Out of northern Egypt came a terrible plague from across the Mediterranean Sea. The identity of the plague of Athens remains unsure, but the well-considered conclusion is Rift Valley Fever, a mosquito borne, viral zoonosis. The Black Death, also called the Plague, raged in Asia for centuries. In 1347, the Black Death was brought by a ship out of Asia to Sicily. The scenes of devastation were repeated throughout Europe, with 90% or more of the people dying in city after city. Influenza, too, has been a cause of periodic human epidemics, but the great pandemic of influenza occurred in the last months of World War I. In the years of highest occurrence, more than half the world's population became clinically infected. If veterinary public health had been born earlier, it could have led to elucidating the epidemiology of influenza and the plagues of Athens, Europe, and Asia. In turn, smallpox had also caused continual tragedy. In 1796, Edward Jenner began to harvest pustules of cowpox from children or infected cows and inject them into susceptible children. In 1980, the World Health Organization declared that smallpox had been eliminated from the world. Rabies, though, still strikes terror. A number of animal diseases, broadly termed emerging and re-emerging diseases, need surveillance because they have the potential to impact human health. From late in 2003 to 2007, the highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza virus in poultry infected at least 121 people and caused 62 deaths in four countries. The prion diseases, too, all have very high numbers in concentrated contacts. To control these diseases, veterinary public health is essential, with diagnosis, epidemiological surveillance, clinical manifestations, and prevention as primary measures. 相似文献
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在动物的异常行为中以刻板行为最为常见,而咽气癖又是马最常见的口部刻板行为之一。作者就咽气癖在生理方面和心智方面对马体产生的影响、行为基础、诱因的研究进展及常见的防治措施进行综述。 相似文献
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Dekker A Dercksen D Snoep J van Wuyjckhuise L 《Tijdschrift voor diergeneeskunde》2007,132(18):695-701
On 26th of july 2007 a new case of bluetongue was notified in the Netherlands and on 2nd of august 2007 foot-and-mouth disease was diagnosed in Surrey, England, which raised the threat of having both infections simultaniously in one area. Bluetongue and foot-and-mouth disease have a different pathogenesis, but symptoms may resemble each other at a later stage of infection. The pathogenesis and possible clinical symptoms of both infections are discussed and illustrated with pictures. 相似文献
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在归纳总结RFLP和PCR-RFLP标记技术的原理、优缺点的基础上,系统论述了其在牦牛遗传育种研究中的应用现状,并提出了个人的建议和看法。 相似文献
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近几年,世界饲用添加剂市场增长较快,预计今后将进一步增长,据世界粮农组织(FAO)首领会议的倡议,到2015年,将使世界营养不良的人口削减一半,其间,肉制品将会以每年2%的速度增长,特别是加快猪肉和禽肉增长。这将促进世界添加剂,尤其是蛋氨酸和赖氨酸需求量的增加。 相似文献