硝呋烯腙对断奶仔猪生产性能的影响

选用 1 80头 2 8日龄三元杂交 (杜×长×大 )断奶仔猪 ,平均体重约为 7.0kg ,小母猪和去势公猪各占一半 ,按性别和体重随机分为 6组 ,每组 3个重复 ,每个重复 1 0头猪。各组基础日粮一致。对照组 (第 1组 )饲喂基础日粮 ;试验组按 2～ 6组分别添加 90mg kg的喹乙醇、2 0mg kg的速大肥、1 0mg kg的硝呋烯腙、2 5mg kg硝呋烯腙和 50mg kg的硝呋烯腙于基础日粮中。试验结果表明 ,试验组第 5组效果最好 ,较对照组日增重提高了 34 .9% (P <0 .0 5) ,饲料转化率提高了 2 0 .9% (P <0 .0 5) ,腹泻率降低了 76 .3 % (P <0 .0 5) ;第 2组、第 3组、第 4组、第 6组与对照组相比差异均不显著(P >0 .0 5) .第 5组与第 2组相比 ,日增重提高了 2 1 .6 % (P <0 .0 5) ,饲料转化率提高了 1 8.9% (P <0 .0 5) ,腹泻率降低了72 .3 % (P <0 .0 5) ;试验组第 2组～第 6组与对照组相比 ,采食量差异均不显著     

高温条件下大豆黄酮对产蛋前期种鸡产蛋性能和血清甲状腺激素水平的影响

选取 90只 1 55日龄岭南黄肉用种母鸡 ,随机分为 3组 ,每组 30只。其中对照组饲喂基础日粮 ,试验组Ⅰ喂基础日粮 +大豆黄酮 (Da)每千克饲料 3mg ,试验组Ⅱ喂基础日粮 +Da每千克饲料 6mg。预试期为 7d ,试验期 2 5d。各组混养 3只公鸡。采集试验处理前 1d ( 2 2℃ )、处理第 7天 ( 2 3℃ )、 1 1天 ( 30 5℃ )、 1 5天 ( 32 3℃ )的血样 ,测定甲状腺激素 (T3、T4 )水平。结果显示 :①与对照组相比 ,温度为 30 5℃ ,持续 2d ,试验组Ⅰ和Ⅱ的产蛋率分别提高 30 0 %和 4 4 3% ,蛋重分别提高 5 99% (P <0 0 5)和降低 2 89% ,受精率分别降低 2 0 4 %和提高3 85% ,破蛋率降低 ;当温度升至 31 5～ 33℃ ,持续 4d ,试验组Ⅰ和Ⅱ产蛋率、蛋重、受精率和破蛋率增加 ,但差异不显著。②处理第 1 1天 ,与对照组相比 ,试验组Ⅰ和Ⅱ的T3分别提高 2 5 6 %和 56 4 % ;处理第 1 5天 ,T3分别提高 75 8%和 6 3 6 %。③与对照组相比 ,处理第 1 1天 ,试验组Ⅰ和Ⅱ的T4 分别提高 32 2 %和降低 9 1 2 % ;处理第 1 5天 ,T4 分别降低 1 5 1 7%和提高 4 7 9% (P <0 0 5)。     

生长抑素基因工程苗对生长肥育猪生产性能的影响

选取 60头杜长大小猪 (65日龄 ) ,随机分对照组和试验组 ,每组 2个重复 (栏 ) ,每个重复 (栏 )1 5头 (其中阉♂ 8头 ,♀ 7头 )。试验组在正试当天每头颈部肌肉注射 1头份生长抑素基因工程苗 ,对照组不注射 ,试验组和对照组喂同一种日粮 ,整个试验期共 93天。试验结果表明 :试验组全期日增重比对照组提高了 8 2 2 % (P 0 0 1 ) ;全期平均日采食量提高 3 3 1 % (P 0 0 5 ) ;发病率下降 6 70个百分点 (P 0 0 1 )。由此说明生长抑素基因工程苗对提高生长肥育猪的日增重和减少发病率有较好的效果。     

氧化三甲胺对生长肥育猪胴体组成的影响

本课题以“杜长嘉”三元杂交猪为试验对象 ,研究了氧化三甲胺 (TMAO)对生长肥育猪胴体组成的影响 ,并探讨了其作用机理。96头体重 32kg左右的“杜长嘉”三元杂交猪 ,按饲养试验要求分成 4组 ,每组 3个重复 ,每个重复 8头 ,公母各半。分别饲喂含 0 (对照 )、10 0 0 (1组 )、2 0 0 0 (2组 )、30 0 0 (3组 )mg kgTMAO的玉米 豆粕型饲粮。预试期 7天 ,正试期 6 6天。饲养试验结束后 ,随机从各组中挑选体重 78kg左右的试验猪 8头 (公母各半 ) ,共 32头 ,进行屠宰 ,测定胴体组成。屠宰试验表明 :1组的瘦肉率提高了 6 .15 % (P <0 .0 5 ) ,眼肌面积提高了 18.6 8% (P <0 .0 1) ,股四头肌比率提高了 8.6 %(P <0 .0 5 ) ,脂肪率降低了 18.4 % (P <0 .0 5 ) ,背膘厚降低了 2 1.6 3% (P <0 .0 5 )。血清分析显示 :1组的游离脂肪酸提高了 4 9.2 3% (P <0 .0 5 ) ,甘油三酯提高了 5 2 .4 6 % (P <0 .0 1) ,胰岛素含量降低了 32 .2 8% (P <0 .0 1) ,T4 含量提高了72 .5 5 % (P <0 .0 5 )。本研究结果提示 ,TMAO能明显改善生长肥育猪胴体组成     

纤维素酶对生长猪的生长效果试验

选 ( 1 8 9± 2 2 )kg的杜×长×大三元杂交猪 96头。随机分成 4个处理 ,每个处理 4个重复 ,每个重复 6头猪。以玉米 豆粕 + 1 5 %麦麸为基础日粮 ,试验组在基础日粮的基础上添加 0 2 %的发酵所复合酶制剂 ,0 2 %的发酵所单一纤维素酶制剂和 0 2 %的赤峰宝山复合酶制剂。试验结果表明 :添加酶制剂在一定程度上可以促进生长 ,改善饲料利用率。与对照组相比 ,发酵所复合酶制剂组平均日增重提高 9 1 % (P >0 0 5 ) ,料重比提高 7% (P >0 0 5 ) ;发酵所单一酶制剂组平均日增重和饲料转化率分别提高 7 3% (P >0 0 5 )和 4 1 % (P >0 0 5 ) ;赤峰宝山复合酶制剂组平均日增重和饲料转化率分别提高 2 % (P >0 0 5 )和 3 3% (P >0 0 5 )。     

华芬酶在仔猪玉米-豆粕型日粮的应用研究

选用 32头体重在 15～ 18kg的杜大长三元杂交生长小猪 ,随机分成 4组 ,3个试验组在对照组日粮的基础上分别添加 0 0 8%、0 1%、0 12 %华芬酶 130 1,以观察其饲养效果。试验结果表明 :3个试验组的日增重 (g/d)分别为 6 30、5 2 0、5 2 5 ,比对照组 ( 4 5 0g/d)分别提高 4 0 %、15 5 5 %、16 6 6 % ,(P <0 0 1) ;料重比分别为 1 81、2 10、1 96 ,以添加 0 0 8%组的效果最好 ,比对照组提高 7 13% (P <0 0 5 )。     

日粮添加可直接饲喂微生物对生长肥育猪生产性能的影响

试验选用 12 0头 80日龄 ,体重约 2 5kg的三元杂交 (杜×长×大 )商品代瘦肉型生长肥育猪 ,随机分为 2组 ,分别设为对照组和试验组 ,每组两个重复 ,每个重复 30头猪 ,对照组饲喂基础日粮 ,试验组饲料在对照组日粮基础上添加可直接饲喂微生物。经过 31d的饲养试验 ,结果表明 :①试验组猪只的日增重比对照组提高 6 .0 7% (P <0 .0 5 ) ,料肉比比对照组提高 3.2 8% (P >0 .0 5 ) ;②经济效益 ,试验组猪只提高了 8.11% ;③试验组猪只的腹泻率较对照组降低 5 .6 7%。     

断奶仔猪用绿色添加剂预混料的研究

将 2 4头三元杂交 (杜×长×大 )断奶仔猪随机分成 2个处理组即试验组 (绿色添加剂预混料组 )和对照组 (所用添加剂预混料为市场常见的知名品牌 ) ,每个处理组设 3个重复 ,每个重复 4头(公母各半 ) ,试验期 2 0d。用以测定该种绿色添加剂预混料的饲用效果。试验结果表明 ,试验组仔猪的平均日增重和饲料利用率分别比对照提高 9 3% (P <0 0 5 )和 5 5 % (P <0 0 1) ,经济效益提高14 2 %。说明该种绿色添加剂预混料对仔猪的生产性能具有良好的促进作用。     

外源cAMP对海兰商品蛋鸡生产性能的影响

选用 34周龄体健海兰商品蛋鸡 2 88只 ,随机分成Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组 ,其中Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ为试验组 ,Ⅳ组为对照组。组内设 3个重复 ,每组 72只鸡 ,每个重复 2 4只鸡。3个试验组采用颈部皮下注射不同浓度的环磷酸腺苷 (cAMP) ,对照组注射等量的生理盐水。剂量均为 0 1mL/只 ,每隔6d注射 1次 ,试验期为 6周。结果表明 ,试验组产蛋率分别比对照组提高 3 12 %、 4 0 4 %、 6 72 % ,与对照组差异皆显著 (P <0 0 5) ;饲料利用率分别提高 4 6 %、 6 0 %、 7 8% ,各组间均存在着显著差异 (P <0 0 5)。试验各组与对照组之间的平均蛋重、破软壳蛋数、死淘鸡数、蛋比重、蛋形指数及饲料利用率等差异均不显著 (P >0 0 5)。     

对氨基苯胂酸与抗生素联用对杂种猪生长性能、胴体组成及血液生化指标的影响

1 4 4头“长嘉 (兴 )”杂种猪按体重、性别和遗传基础分成 4组 (每组 3个重复 ,每个重复 1 2头 ) ,分别饲喂不含对氨基苯胂酸 (PAPAA) ( 1组 )和添加 70mg/kgPAPAA( 2组 )、70mg/kgPAPAA +70mg/kgOTC( 3组 )和 70mg/kgPAPAA +70mg/kgCTC( 4组 )的相同玉米 -豆粕型饲粮。结果表明 :2、3和 4组日增重分别提高了 8.7% (P <0 .0 5 )、1 3.6%和 1 4 .6% (P <0 .0 1 ) ;饲料转化率分别提高了 1 1 .5 %、1 5 .4 %和 1 5 .0 %(P <0 .0 1 )。 2组和 3组胴体脂肪率分别降低了 1 6.5 %和 1 4 .5 % (P <0 .0 1 ) ;2组背膘厚降低了 1 6.3%(P <0 .0 1 ) ,瘦肉率提高了 6.7% (P <0 .0 5 ) ;2和 3组眼肌面积分别提高了 9.4 % (P <0 .0 5 )和 1 2 .4 %(P <0 .0 1 )。 2组背最长肌大理石纹评分提高了 5 .1 % (P <0 .0 5 ) ;3和 4组背最长肌肉色评分分别提高了 1 3.6%和 8.1 % (P <0 .0 1 )。 2组血清尿素氮和胆碱酯酶分别降低了 1 9.3%和 1 9.9% (P <0 .0 5 )。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

獭兔睾丸的组织学观察

家兔作为一种实验动物 ,推动了繁殖技术的发展。本试验通过对不同年龄公獭兔的睾丸进行组织学观察、测定 ,研究精子的发生规律 ,为系统地进行繁殖生理工作提供依据。1　材料与方法选 60日龄、75日龄、90日龄 3个年龄公獭兔各5只 ,用外科手术法摘取两侧睾丸 ,放入 Bouin氏液中固定 ,二甲苯透明 ,石蜡包埋 ,切成 5～ 8μm切片 ,H.E.染色。在显微镜下观察 ,并进行定量组织学指标测定及差异性比较。2　结果和讨论2 .1　睾丸定量组织学指标的测定结果　见表 1。表 1　獭兔睾丸定量组织学指标　　　μm,个 /精细管60日龄 75日龄 90日龄曲细精管…     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Observations of fracture of the anconeal process of the ulna of swine

Fractures of the anconeal process of 5 pigs ranging in age from 4 to 8 months were studied radiographically and histologically. Clinically, animals with a fracture of the anconeal process had a "tight," restricted gait. In pigs at 4.5 months of age, a radiolucent line through the base of the anconeal process was composed of fibrocartilage, fibrous connective tissue, and hyaline cartilage. Subperiosteal proliferation of woven bone was located along the cranial surface of the olecranon, adjacent to the base of the anconeal process. In older animals, the radiolucent line through the anconeal process contained variable amounts of fibrous connective tissue and fibrocartilage. The proliferation of subperiosteal bone at the base of the anconeal process formed a "buttress callus" which retained a radiolucent area between the callus and the proximal surface of the anconeal process. The latter region of radiolucency was continuous with the transversely oriented line that traversed the base of the anconeal process.     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.