可直接饲喂微生物(DFM)对生长猪生产性能的影响

选取180头平均80日龄,体重约25kg的三元杂交(杜×长×大)商品代瘦肉型生长猪,按出生日期、体重、性别相近原则随机分为试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组和对照组进行饲养试验,其中试验Ⅰ组猪只较试验Ⅱ组的平均体重和日龄相对较小。对照组饲喂基础日粮,两试验组的饲料在对照组日粮基础上添加可直接饲喂微生物(DFM)。经过31天的饲养试验,结果表明:试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组猪只的日增重分别比对照组提高3.21%(P>0.05)和6.07%(P<0.05);料肉比分别比对照组提高了0.82%(P>0.05)和3.28%(P>0.05);经济效益分别提高了3.50%(P>0.05)和8.11%(P<0.05);试验组猪只的腹泻率较对照组各降低了1.67和5.67个百分点。     

饲喂方式对生长肥育猪生产性能的影响

利用自动食槽对生长肥育猪(20～60kg)进行饲喂，采用自由采食比定时饲喂日增重高20.27%(P＜0.01)；每千克增重消耗饲料，试验组比对照组平均少耗0.175kg，(P＜0.01)。     

湖南麦饭石饲喂生长肥育猪的效果

麦饭石是一种天然矿石。它对生物无毒有益,具有一定生物活性的一种矿物质保健药石,因其外观颇似握聚的麦饭团而得名。宋代的《图经本草》已有记载,明代的杰出医药学家李时珍在其巨著《本草纲目》中记载此药:“甘、温、无毒”,主治“一切痛疽发背”。在近代,麦饭石传到国外,日本称其为“健康石”,南朝鲜称“矿泉药石”,我国台湾称“长寿石”。湖南麦饭石含有 SiO_2、Al_2O_3、Na_2O、K_2O、     

柑桔皮粉饲料添加剂饲喂生长肥育猪的效果

24头3～4月龄苏白生长肥育猪随机分成3组，每组8头，试验1组、2组在基础日粮中分剐添加3．0％和3．5％的柑桔皮粉，对照组不饲喂。结果表明：头均日增重试验1组、2组分别比对照组提高18．8％和24．8％，料重比分别下降9．7％和18．5％，头均纯收入增加11．78元和17．01元。     

半胱胺不同添加方式对生长肥育猪生产性能的影响

在生长肥育猪的生长期和肥育期饲粮中分别添加360mg／kg半胱肤和450mg／kg半胱胺(试验组Ⅰ，每6天添加1天)或分别添加60mg／kg半胱胺和75mg／kg半胱胺(试验组Ⅱ，持续添加)．研究半胱胺不同添加方式对生长肥育猪生产性能的影响。饲养试验表明，在35—60kg阶段，试验组Ⅰ和试验组Ⅱ日增重比对照组分别提高5．8％(P＜0．05)和4．7％（P＞0．05)；在35--90kg阶段，试验组Ⅰ和试验组Ⅱ日增重比对照组分别提高4．8％(P＜0.05)和4．2％（P＜0．05)。屠宰试验表明，酮体瘦肉率试验组Ⅰ和试验组Ⅱ比对照组分别提高5.24％(P＜0．05)和4.63％(P＜0．05)，酮体脂肪率试验组Ⅰ和试验组Ⅱ比对照组分别降低9．52％(P＜0.05)和8.53％(P＜0．05)；第十肋背膘犀试验组Ⅰ和试验组量比对照组分别下降8．47％（P＝0.076)和10．17％（P＝0．071)。饲养试验与屠宰试验表明，两种添加方式，各项测定指标均无显著性差异。     

小肽制剂对生长育肥猪生产性能的影响

选择平均体重约15kg左右的三元杂交生长猪24头,随机分成三个处理组,每个处理设两个重复,每个重复4头仔猪。试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组分别在日粮中添加0 5%和0 3%的小肽制剂,经过30d试验,与对照组相比平均日增重分别提高8 34%(P<0 05)和3 91%(P>0 05),料肉比降低8 40%和5 04%,生长猪腹泻率分别降低5 16%(P<0 05)和4 45%(P<0 05)。     

饲粮中添加稀土对生长肥育猪生产性能的影响

试验选用胎次、体重和日龄相近的杜长大三元杂交猪为试验动物,其中断奶仔猪58头,育成猪56头,肥育中猪34头,公母各半,随机将其分别分成试验组、对照组。试验组饲粮中添加0．1％稀土饲料添加剂,有机稀土水剂,饲粮稀土氧化物含量为75mg／kg。结果表明,断奶仔猪试验组平均日增重0．477kg,比对照组（0．388kg）提高了22．90％（P＜0.05）;育成猪试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组平均日增重分别为0．267和0．464kg,分别比对照Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组提高了20.27％（P＜0．05）和18．07％（P＜0．05）;肥育中猪试验组日增重0．720kg,比对照组提高了13．03％（P＜0．05）;各试验组饲料效率和经济效益均优于各对照组,生产性能明显改善。     

微生物添加剂饲喂生长肥育猪效果观察

畜产品的安全与饲料密切相关。研究表明,饲料中长期添加抗生素、化学合成药物,会造成畜产品中药物残留,污染环境,产生抗药性,危害人类健康。因此,开发环保型饲料添加剂、生产绿色动物食品,已成为国内外动物营养学家研究开发的重点。本研究根据微生物的作用机理,经反复     

日粮中添加蔗糖饲喂生长肥育猪的增重效果

在生长肥育猪日粮中 ,添加 1.5 %蔗糖的试验组 ,比不添加的对照组可提高日增重 8.3 % (P <0 .0 5 ) ;其饲料利用率提高4.5 % (P <0 .0 5 ) ;经济效益可提高 10 .9%。     

4种配合饲料对育肥猪生长性能及经济效益的影响

试验旨在研究猪场自配小麦型饲料、自配玉米型饲料和商品配合颗粒饲料对肉猪生长性能的影响。采用对比试验设计,选用108头育肥猪随机分为4组,每组3个重复,每个重复9头猪。A组饲喂玉米型基础料+A型预混料,B组饲喂小麦型基础料+B型小麦专用预混料,C组饲喂玉米型基础料+C型预混料,D组饲喂D型生长育肥猪配合饲料,试验期31 d。结果显示,各组间平均日采食量、日增重和料重比差异均不显著（P>0.05）;A组增重饲料成本与其他3组之间差异均不显著（P>0.05）,B组与C、D组之间均差异显著（P<0.05）,C、D组之间差异不显著（P>0.05）。综合分析得出,B组获得的经济效益最高,每头平均利润达473.07元。     

蛋氨酸螯合铁对断奶仔猪生产性能的影响

本试验选用36头35日龄体重7.7kg左右的杜长大三元杂交商品代断奶仔猪,随机分为试验组和对照组,每组18头,公母各半。试验组饲料中添加0.04%的蛋氨酸铁螯合物,对照组饲料中不添加蛋氨酸铁螯合物。经过30d的饲养试验,结果表明:(1)试验组的日增重比对照组多增重77g,提高了25.4%,差异极显著(P<0.01);试验组的平均采食量比对照组增加92g,提高了19.5%;试验组的料重比比对照组降低4.5%。(2)经济效益显著:试验组仔猪增重1Kg获得的毛利润比对照组多0.12元,试验期间每头小猪比对照组多盈利16.87元。     

复合酶制剂对生长肥育猪的饲喂效果

选用体重27kg的杜长大三元杂交生长肥育猪42头,随机分成对照组和试验组,每组3个重复组,对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组饲喂基础日粮+0.01%复合酶制剂,试验期32d。试验结果表明:复合酶制剂可将猪平均日增重提高0.057kg(P<0.05);平均日采食量降低0.072kg,饲料增重比降低13.31%;每千克增重饲料成本降低0.605元,经济效益提高了12.62%。     

二甲酸钾对肉仔鸡抗菌促生长作用研究

将1日龄雏鸡随机分为三组,饲养21天,比较二甲酸钾和黄霉素对肉仔鸡生产性能、肠道菌群和pH值的影响.结果表明①日粮中添加4.5g/Kg二甲酸钾显著降低嗉囊和肌胃内容物的pH值达0.34和0.32个单位,且显著降低盲肠乳酸杆菌和大肠杆菌,两者之间的比例也显著提高(P＜0.05).②日粮中添加4.5g/Kg二甲酸钾显著提高肉鸡的日增重达10.2%和饲料报酬达5.4%左右(P＜0.05),达到与黄霉素同等的效果(P＞0.05).     

乳化剂在肉鸡饲料中的效果研究

乳化剂是一种亲油又亲水的物质,能显著降低脂肪的粘度,弥补动物胆盐分泌不足,从而提高脂肪消化率,防止脂肪肝发生和畜禽因脂肪消化不良引起的下痢,且利于脂溶性营养物质（VA、VD、VE、色素等）的吸收。因此,可通过乳化剂调低配方的代谢能水平,降低成本,提高经济效益。本试验研究了乳化剂对白羽肉鸡生产性能的影响。结果显示：减少油脂后添加乳化剂对肉鸡平均日采食量和平均日增重的影响均不显著,从试验全期看,日粮减少油脂5 kg/t 或降低代谢能30 kcal/kg （1 kcal=4.187 kJ,下同）后添加乳化剂,可以使肉鸡平均日增重和料重比保持正常的水平。     

日粮精粗比对藏羔羊增重的影响

试验旨在研究日粮精粗比对羔羊增重的影响,为育肥羔羊日粮合理配制提供理论依据。选择90只2月龄藏羔羊,随机分为3组,分别饲喂精粗比为7∶3、6∶4和5∶5的3种日粮,试验期120 d。结果表明,羔羊日增重随日粮精粗比的提高而增加(P<0.01),提高日粮精粗比能有效提高饲料利用效率,精粗比为7∶3的日粮饲喂藏羔羊经济效益较好。     

日粮中添加蛋白酶对欧拉型藏羔羊生产性能的影响

试验研究日粮中添加蛋白酶对育肥羔羊生产性能的影响。选择健康、体况相近的4月龄欧拉型藏羔羊30只,随机分为对照组和试验组,每组15只。两组羔羊的日粮组成及日粮中精料补充料、青贮饲料和青干草均一致。试验组日粮中按精料补充料0.02%的比例添加蛋白酶,对照组不添加,试验期为60 d。测定羔羊试验期0、30、60 d的活体重、料重比和粪样的营养成分。结果表明,日粮中添加蛋白酶能显著提高羔羊的平均日增重(P<0.05),降低粪样中的粗脂肪、粗纤维和钙的含量(P<0.05)。试验表明,日粮中添加0.02%蛋白酶对欧拉型藏羔羊生产性能有显著影响。     

Effect of long-term feeding of graded levels of deoxynivalenol on performance,nutrient utilization,and organ health of grower-finisher pigs (35 to 120 kg)

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of long-term feeding of graded levels of deoxynivalenol (DON) on performance, nutrient utilization, and organ health of grower-finisher pigs. A total of 240 mixed-sex grower-finisher pigs (35.9 ± 1.1 kg initial body weight, BW) were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 dietary treatments (6 pigs/pen; 10 pens/treatment) for 77 d. Diets consisted of a control diet without DON (CONT) and diets containing 1, 3, or 5 ppm DON (DON1, DON3, or DON5). Nitrogen-balance was determined in 1 pig/pen during weeks 6 and 12 of the study. Growth performance measures were taken weekly for average daily feed intake (ADFI), average daily gain (ADG), and gain:feed (GF) until day 77. Blood samples were collected on days 0, 14, 42, 56, and 84 from 1 pig/pen for analysis of indicators of liver and kidney function. On day 7, ADG and ADFI for pigs fed DON3 and DON5 diets were lower (P < 0.05) compared with DON1- and CONT-fed pigs. Overall, ADG and ADFI (days 0 to 77) were lower in DON3- and DON5-fed pigs compared with CONT and DON1 pigs (P < 0.05), with no difference in GF (P > 0.05). Final BW was reduced in DON3- and DON5-fed pigs (P < 0.05) compared with CONT and DON1, which were not different (P > 0.05). No significant (P > 0.05) treatment effects were observed on carcass characteristics. In the grower-phase, protein deposition (PD) was reduced in DON3 and DON5 pigs compared with CONT and DON1 pigs (P < 0.05). In the finisher phase, PD was not affected by dietary treatment (P > 0.05). There was no effect of dietary treatment on the majority of selected serum chemistry (P > 0.05). In summary, pigs exposed to diets containing > 1 ppm DON had reduced growth performance with little or no effect on nitrogen utilization, organ health, or carcass characteristics, suggesting that the negative effects of DON may be largely due to depressed feed intake.     

不同配方日粮对35日龄断奶仔猪饲喂效果观察

选择９６头三元杂交仔猪分为两组，试验组饲喂以新技术配制的日粮，对照组喂常规日粮。结果表明，断奶前两组生产性能没有显著差异，断奶后一周，试验组日增重提高９７ｇ（Ｐ＜０．０５），每千克增重少耗料０． ２２ｋｇ（Ｐ＞０． ０５），腹泻率降低 １１． ２４％。对照组的断奶应激对以后的生产性能产生一定影响。     

Effect of long-term feeding of graded levels of deoxynivalenol (DON) on growth performance,nutrient utilization,and organ health in finishing pigs and DON content in biological samples

The prevalence of deoxynivalenol (DON) is a concern for swine producers, and although there has been extensive research into the effects of DON in pigs, focus has been in young pigs and/or in short-term studies. The objective of the study was to determine the effect of long-term exposure to DON-contaminated diets in finisher pigs. A total of 200 pigs (76.6 ± 3.9 kg initial weight) were group housed (five pigs per pen; n = 10 pens/treatment) in a 6-wk trial. Pigs were fed a wheat-barley-soybean meal-based control (CONT) diet with no DON or the basal diet in which clean wheat was replaced by DON-contaminated wheat and wheat screenings to provide DON content of 1, 3, or 5 ppm (DON1, DON3, and DON5, respectively). Individual BW and pen feed intake were recorded weekly to calculate average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), and gain to feed ratio (G:F). Blood was collected on days 0, 14, and 43 and analyzed for indicators of liver and kidney health. Nitrogen (N)-balance was conducted immediately following the growth performance period to determine the effect of DON on nutrient utilization. Blood and urine samples collected during N balance were analyzed for DON content. Feeding DON reduced (P < 0.05) ADFI and ADG from days 0 to 28 compared with CONT, after which there was no effect of diet on ADFI and ADG. The G:F was lower (P < 0.05) in DON5 fed pigs compared with all treatments during days 0 to 7; however, no treatment effects on G:F was observed from days 8 to 42. Nitrogen retention was lower (P < 0.05) in DON3 and DON5 compared with DON1-fed pigs. Nitrogen retention efficiency was higher (P < 0.05) in DON1 compared with DON3 and DON5 and protein deposition for DON1 pigs was higher (P < 0.05) than all treatments. There were no treatment effects on indicators of liver and kidney health. As dietary DON intake increased, concentration of DON in blood and urine increased. Overall, although there was an initial decrease in ADG and ADFI in pigs receiving diets containing >1 ppm DON, pig performance recovered after a period of time, whereas nutrient utilization continued to be affected after recovery of performance. Moreover, the lack of DON on G:F indicates that the negative effects of DON on growth performance are largely due to reduced feed intake. Overall, although pigs maybe capable of adapting to intake of DON-contaminated diets, their final body weight will be reduced when fed diets containing >1 ppm DON.