贵州地方鸡种遗传资源特点及品种评价

本文介绍了贵州地方鸡种的来源、产区、优良特性、生产性能、保护及研究利用。分析评价了贵州地方鸡种目前存在的问题和面临的危机．提出了如何开发和利用贵州地方鸡种,为本地鸡种新品系的培育贮备遗传素材。     

贵州4个地方鸡种体尺和屠宰性能的比较

试验对300日龄竹乡鸡、威宁鸡、高脚鸡、矮脚鸡4个贵州地方鸡种的体尺性状和屠宰性能进行测定,结果表明:4个地方鸡种除胫围外其他体尺指标均差异显著(P0.05),其中竹乡鸡的胸宽、胸深、龙骨长、骨盆宽最高,分别为7.3、9.7、13.5、8.1 cm;4个地方鸡种的屠体重、半净膛重、全净膛重、胸肌重、腿肌重差异显著(P0.05),但屠体率、全净膛率、半净膛率差异不显著(P0.05);4个地方鸡种的屠宰率、全净膛率分别大于80%和60%,达到优质鸡的产肉标准。结论:4个贵州地方鸡种均具有较高的产肉性能。     

贵州地方鸡种资源现状及保护和利用对策

笔者在结合贵州地方鸡种资源研究和调查的基础之上,介绍了贵州地方鸡种资源现状,并提出贵州地方鸡种资源保护和利用对策,为贵州地方鸡种资源的保护和开发利用提供思路。     

用微卫星标记分析贵州地方鸡种的遗传多样性及亲缘关系

利用20个微卫星座位对贵州12个地方鸡种和隐性白洛克进行遗传分析,得到各品种的等位基因频率、平均杂合度、多态信息含量及品种间的Nei氏标准遗传距离,并进行了聚类分析。结果表明:13个鸡种在各微卫星座位上的遗传杂合度均有差异,平均遗传杂合度为0.6885(贵州地方鸡种为0.6915);平均多态信息含量为0.6297(贵州地方鸡种为0.6326),说明贵州地方鸡种遗传多样性较隐性白洛克丰富。UPGMA聚类分析结果显示,13个鸡种分为2大类群,隐性白洛克独自构成一个类群,12个贵州地方鸡种为另一个类群,12个贵州地方鸡种进一步可分为4个小类群。研究结果对贵州地方鸡种资源的评估、保存和利用具有一定的指导意义。     

贵州兴义矮脚鸡与矮脚黄鸡生产性能研究

试验对贵州兴义接脚鸡与矮脚黄鸡生产性能进行了对比研究,结果:兴义矮脚鸡0～45日龄时体重与矮脚黄鸡接近,而在45～90日龄显著高于矮脚黄鸡(P<0.05);胫长在0～75日龄时极显著低于矮脚黄鸡(P<0.01),而在75日龄后低于矮脚黄鸡,表明对兴义矮脚鸡的优势性能值得更进一步开发和利用.兴义矮脚鸡和矮脚黄鸡从初产至12月龄平均产蛋率为42.42%与52.38%,试验结果表明矮脚黄鸡产蛋率高于兴义矮脚鸡.     

《贵农金黄鸡》地方标准的实施及效果分析

一贵农金黄鸡,简称金黄鸡。是贵州农学院采用现代鸡育种方法培育的一个蛋肉兼用型优良品种。全身羽毛金黄色。具有“三黄”特征和生产性能较高,繁殖性能良好,遗传性稳定,适应性强,肉质鲜嫩,性情温驯等特点。截至1989年6月止,贵州农学院已直接推广了贵农金黄鸡120多万只,社会再推广量达600多万只,遍及国内18个省(市)和省内76个县(市),成为国内影响较大的一个优良鸡种。随着贵农金黄鸡推广范围的逐步扩大和数量的不断增加,为了使饲养者按照贵农金黄鸡的特点进行科学的饲养管理和合理利用,充分发挥其遗传潜力和优势,从而获得较高的经济效益,通过广泛的大量的调查研究,在大量     

蚯蚓抗菌肽对贵州黄鸡生产性能的影响研究

为了考察蚯蚓抗菌肽对贵州黄鸡生产性能的影响,试验采用单因素试验设计,共设4个抗菌肽添加水平,分别是0%、0.6%、0.8%和1.0%。选用0日龄健康贵州黄鸡120只,根据体重随机分为4组,分别为对照组和试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组,每组分别设3个重复,每个重复10只鸡。试验期21 d。试验结果表明:日粮中添加抗菌肽对贵州黄鸡的采食量无显著影响(P>0.05),但显著提高日均增重(P<0.05),降低料重比(P<0.05),降低发病率和死亡率(P<0.05),以添加1%水平的蚯蚓抗菌肽效果为佳。     

贵州黄鸡慢羽系生长曲线拟合研究

试验旨在揭示贵州黄鸡慢羽系生长发育规律。选择100只贵州黄鸡慢羽系(公母鸡各50只),于0、2、4、6、8、10、12、14周龄末称重,分别采用Bertalanffy、Logistic、Gompertz 3种非线性生长曲线模型对贵州黄鸡慢羽系0～14周龄体重变化进行拟合分析。结果表明:3种模型均能很好地拟合其生长曲线,拟合度均在0.99以上,其中Logistic模型在贵州黄鸡慢羽系公鸡、母鸡生长曲线中拟合最好,拟合结果最接近实测体重情况,其公鸡拐点体重为1 550.81 g,拐点周龄为10.42,母鸡拐点体重为976.67 g,拐点周龄为9.14。试验结果初步揭示了贵州黄鸡慢羽系的生长发育规律和各阶段的生长特征,为贵州黄鸡慢羽系选育生产和产业化发展提供了科学依据。     

贵州黄鸡慢羽系生长曲线拟合研究

试验旨在揭示贵州黄鸡慢羽系生长发育规律。选择100只贵州黄鸡慢羽系（公母鸡各50只），于0、2、4、6、8、10、12、14周龄末称重，分别采用Bertalanffy、Logistic、Gompertz 3种非线性生长曲线模型对贵州黄鸡慢羽系0~14周龄体重变化进行拟合分析。结果表明：3种模型均能很好地拟合其生长曲线，拟合度均在0.99以上，其中Logistic模型在贵州黄鸡慢羽系公鸡、母鸡生长曲线中拟合最好，拟合结果最接近实测体重情况，其公鸡拐点体重为1 550.81 g，拐点周龄为10.42，母鸡拐点体重为976.67 g，拐点周龄为9.14。试验结果初步揭示了贵州黄鸡慢羽系的生长发育规律和各阶段的生长特征，为贵州黄鸡慢羽系选育生产和产业化发展提供了科学依据。     

浅析贵州地方鸡种饲养管理要点

本文主要介绍了贵州地方鸡种放养饲养的基本管理方法,在保留贵州地方鸡种特有肉质与风味的基础上,通过农村传统的放养方式与现代高效养鸡技术有机结合,根据贵州的地势地貌及资源优势(荒山、林地、果园、草地等),发展林下养殖循环经济,进行贵州地方鸡的规模化饲养,进而获得品质优良的禽、蛋产品。     

Disease and destiny-mystery and mastery

When early people made their appearance, zoonotic infectious diseases were already waiting, but epidemic diseases did not appear in human history until people began to live in large numbers under conditions of close contact, mainly during the last 10,000 years. Disease has decimated urban populations, conquered armies, and disrupted society. The focus here is on (1) the plague of Athens and the Black Death; (2) smallpox, influenza, and rabies; (3) avian influenza prion diseases, and foot & mouth disease; and (4) emerging and re-emerging diseases. All have veterinary public health associations. In Athens, Greece, in 430 BC, when the Spartans ravaged the countryside, hordes crowded into Athens so that orderly movements, space in which to live, and adequate supplies of food became impossible. Crowding of any population fosters disease transmission; chaos and disorder enhance it all the more. Out of northern Egypt came a terrible plague from across the Mediterranean Sea. The identity of the plague of Athens remains unsure, but the well-considered conclusion is Rift Valley Fever, a mosquito borne, viral zoonosis. The Black Death, also called the Plague, raged in Asia for centuries. In 1347, the Black Death was brought by a ship out of Asia to Sicily. The scenes of devastation were repeated throughout Europe, with 90% or more of the people dying in city after city. Influenza, too, has been a cause of periodic human epidemics, but the great pandemic of influenza occurred in the last months of World War I. In the years of highest occurrence, more than half the world's population became clinically infected. If veterinary public health had been born earlier, it could have led to elucidating the epidemiology of influenza and the plagues of Athens, Europe, and Asia. In turn, smallpox had also caused continual tragedy. In 1796, Edward Jenner began to harvest pustules of cowpox from children or infected cows and inject them into susceptible children. In 1980, the World Health Organization declared that smallpox had been eliminated from the world. Rabies, though, still strikes terror. A number of animal diseases, broadly termed emerging and re-emerging diseases, need surveillance because they have the potential to impact human health. From late in 2003 to 2007, the highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza virus in poultry infected at least 121 people and caused 62 deaths in four countries. The prion diseases, too, all have very high numbers in concentrated contacts. To control these diseases, veterinary public health is essential, with diagnosis, epidemiological surveillance, clinical manifestations, and prevention as primary measures.     

畜禽物种多样性及其保护和利用

文章就我国畜禽物种多样性资源的现状、保护和利用等方面进行阐述,为生态脆弱的喀斯特地区畜牧业可持续发展提供参考。     

马的咽气癖及其防制措施研究进展

在动物的异常行为中以刻板行为最为常见,而咽气癖又是马最常见的口部刻板行为之一。作者就咽气癖在生理方面和心智方面对马体产生的影响、行为基础、诱因的研究进展及常见的防治措施进行综述。     

德国荷兰畜禽产品质量安全交流与启示

2018年岁末,笔者有幸赴德国和荷兰,就畜产品质量安全控制及检测技术等进行了短期交流,收获颇丰,现具体介绍如下。一、交流情况德国面积35.73万平方千米,人口约8175.2万,是欧盟人口最多的国家,农业发达,机械化程度很高。德国的畜牧业以猪、牛、羊和禽类为主,畜牧业产值占农业生产总值的61%。德国虽然农业比重很小,但却是有机农业运动最早的发起国,也是目前世界上有机农产品生产与消费大国。     

奶牛肢蹄病及其防治

简介常见奶牛肢蹄病种类及其症状,从日粮营养、运动场地面结构、环境卫生、饲养管理、遗传育种、疾病管理等方面简析奶牛肢蹄病的病因,并提出相应的预防措施。     

Foot and mouth disease and bluetongue: differences and similarities

On 26th of july 2007 a new case of bluetongue was notified in the Netherlands and on 2nd of august 2007 foot-and-mouth disease was diagnosed in Surrey, England, which raised the threat of having both infections simultaniously in one area. Bluetongue and foot-and-mouth disease have a different pathogenesis, but symptoms may resemble each other at a later stage of infection. The pathogenesis and possible clinical symptoms of both infections are discussed and illustrated with pictures.     

牛羊焦虫病诊断与防治技术

近几年来,辽宁省牛羊饲养业迅速发展,焦虫病的危害越来越明显,已成为危害牛羊的主要疾病之一。为了提高牛羊焦虫病的防治水平,保证我省牛羊饲养业的健康发展,笔者在参阅文献和同行们诊疗经验的基础上,结合自己的治疗实践,详细阐述了我省牛羊焦虫病近几年的流行特点和诊断防治方法。     

RFLP和PCR-RFLP标记与牦牛遗传育种研究

在归纳总结RFLP和PCR-RFLP标记技术的原理、优缺点的基础上,系统论述了其在牦牛遗传育种研究中的应用现状,并提出了个人的建议和看法。