硒、维生素B_2对蛋鸡产蛋性能及鸡蛋中硒、维生素B_2含量的影响

选择健康350日龄海蓝灰商品蛋鸡96只,采用2×3因子随机设计进行试验,随机分为6个处理,每个处理组4个重复,每个重复4只鸡,分别在饲粮中添加10.8、14.4mg/kg的维生素B2(80%)和0.2、0.4、0.6mg/kg的硒,观察维生素B2和硒对蛋鸡产蛋率、蛋重、鸡蛋中维生素B2和硒含量的影响。结果表明:①日粮中添加不同水平硒、维生素B2复合,对蛋鸡产蛋性能影响差异不显著(P0.05);②在日粮中添加高浓度维生素B2,鸡蛋中维生素B2含量逐渐增加,差异显著(P0.05),对鸡蛋中维生素B2含量变化,硒和维生素B2之间没有协同作用;③随日粮中硒添加量的增加,硒在鸡蛋中沉积显著增加,在18d左右达到高峰,添加0.4、0.6mg/kg硒组比0.2mg/kg组分别提高了73.3%和97.8%。     

维生素B_2对蛋鸡产蛋性能和鸡蛋中维生素B_2含量影响

本研究将48只300日龄的蛋鸡随机分成3组,每组4个重复,分别在日粮中添加7.2、10.8mg/kg和14.4mg/kg的维生素B2(80%)。结果表明:添加10.8mg/kg和14.4mg/kg维生素B2组产蛋率有所下降,蛋重有增加趋势,但差异均不显著(P0.05);日采食量无显著变化;添加10.8mg/kg和14.4mg/kg试验组比7.2mg/kg组显著提高了鸡蛋中维生素B2的含量(P0.05)。     

日粮添加虾青素和维生素B2对鸡蛋品质的影响

试验旨在探究虾青素和维生素B2在日粮中的添加量对鸡蛋品质的影响。选择1200只体重相近、健康的45周龄海兰褐蛋鸡,随机分成5组,每组4个重复,每个重复60只鸡。对照组蛋鸡饲喂基础日粮,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组蛋鸡饲喂固定比例的基础日粮和0.25%虾青素,混合不同含量的维生素B2(5.0、8.0、11.0、14.0 mg/kg)。预试期1周和正式试验期4周,预试期各组蛋鸡均饲喂基础日粮,正式试验期分别投放上面试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组的配比的饲料。结果表明,试验组蛋黄颜色、哈夫单位均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。试验Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组鸡蛋粗脂肪含量显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。试验组鸡蛋平均蛋重、蛋壳厚度、蛋壳强度、蛋比重与对照组相比有增大的趋势。试验表明,日粮添加虾青素和维生素B2能提高蛋品质,添加0.25%虾青素和14.0 mg/kg维生素B2效果最好。     

酵母硒和亚硒酸钠对蛋鸡蛋硒含量动态变化的影响

本试验旨在研究酵母硒和亚硒酸钠对蛋鸡蛋硒含量动态变化的影响。试验选用30周龄体况良好、产蛋率接近健康的海兰褐蛋鸡216只,随机分成3个组,每组6个重复,每个重复12只。对照组饲喂基础饲粮(不额外添加硒源),试验组在基础饲粮中分别添加0.30 mg/kg硒的亚硒酸钠和酵母硒。预试期14 d,正试期56 d。结果表明:1)各试验组产蛋率、平均蛋重、平均日产蛋重、平均日采食量、死亡率和料蛋比与对照组相比较差异均不显著(P>0.05)。2)正试期第56天,试验组常规蛋品质与对照组相比较差异不显著(P>0.05)。3)正试期第3天,酵母硒组蛋硒含量显著高于对照组和亚硒酸钠组(P<0.05);14 d后,亚硒酸钠组蛋硒含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05);正试期第3、5、7、14、21、28和56天,酵母硒组蛋硒含量比亚硒酸钠组分别显著高出了28.18%、34.98%、45.35%、47.39%、67.53%、63.35%和65.71%(P<0.05)。4)随着试验天数的增加,对照组蛋鸡蛋硒含量显著降低(P<0.05),亚硒酸钠组蛋鸡蛋硒含量呈现先降低后增加的趋势(P<0.05),酵母硒组蛋鸡蛋硒含量显著增加(P<0.05)。由此可见,33~40周龄,蛋鸡饲粮中不额外添加硒以及添加0.30 mg/kg硒的酵母硒和亚硒酸钠对生产性能和蛋品质无不良影响;相对于亚硒酸钠,酵母硒中硒向鸡蛋中的转移速度更快,效率更高;饲粮添加硒能显著提高蛋硒含量,且饲粮添加酵母硒时蛋硒含量随着饲喂天数的增加而增加。     

酵母硒和亚硒酸钠对蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质和蛋硒含量的影响

本试验旨在比较酵母硒和亚硒酸钠对蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质和蛋硒含量的影响,以确定能够替代亚硒酸钠的酵母硒适宜使用量。试验选用30周龄体况良好、产蛋率接近的健康海兰褐蛋鸡360只,随机分成5个组,每组6个重复,每个重复12只。对照组饲喂基础饲粮(不额外添加硒源),试验组饲喂在基础饲粮中分别添加0.30 mg/kg硒的亚硒酸钠以及0.10、0.20和0.30 mg/kg硒的酵母硒(试验饲粮中实测硒含量分别为0.176、0.342、0.278、0.302、0.359 mg/kg)。预试期14 d,正试期28 d。结果表明:1)各试验组产蛋率、平均蛋重、平均日产蛋重、平均日采食量、料蛋比和蛋品质与对照组相比较差异均不显著(P>0.05)。2)亚硒酸钠组和酵母硒组蛋硒含量均显著高于对照组(P<0.05);酵母硒组蛋硒含量均显著高于亚硒酸钠组(P<0.05),并随酵母硒添加量的增加显著增加(P<0.05)。由此可见,相对于亚硒酸钠,蛋鸡对酵母硒吸收和向鸡蛋中的转移效率更高;饲粮添加硒能显著提高蛋硒含量,且蛋硒含量随着酵母硒添加量的增加而增加;饲粮中添加0.10~0.30 mg/kg硒的酵母硒对蛋鸡生产性能和蛋品质无不良影响。     

低聚木糖与硒对蛋鸡生产性能、鸡蛋胆固醇与硒含量的影响

本试验旨在研究在蛋鸡日粮中添加酵母硒与低聚木糖及其互作对鸡蛋硒与胆固醇含量、蛋鸡脂质代谢、生产性能的影响。选择1 080只300日龄体质健康的蛋鸡,分为6个试验组,每个试验组4个重复,每个重复45只鸡。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1组在基础日粮添加0.01%低聚木糖,试验2组在基础日粮添加0.015%低聚木糖,试验3组在基础日粮中添加0.09 mg亚硒酸钠/kg饲料、试验4组在基础日粮中添加120 mg酵母硒/kg饲料,试验5组在基础日粮中同时添加0.01%低聚木糖、120 mg酵母硒/kg饲料。预饲1周,试验从44周龄持续到48周龄,为期5周(35 d)。结果显示,鸡蛋中的硒含量提高了,蛋黄中胆固醇含量降低了,酵母硒提高了产蛋率并降低了料蛋比。低聚木糖降低了蛋黄及血清中的胆固醇含量。同时添加120 mg酵母硒/kg、0.01%低聚木糖的饲料显著提高了产蛋率,降低了料蛋比,提高了血清中高密度胆固醇含量和鸡蛋中的硒含量,并降低了血清及蛋黄中的胆固醇含量,同时在产蛋率、料蛋比方面有正相关的作用,在提高鸡蛋硒含量及降低蛋黄胆固醇方面有微弱正相关的作用。     

复合中草药饲料添加剂改善蛋鸡蛋品质的试验研究

为研究复合中草药饲料添加剂改善蛋鸡蛋品质的影响,选用360只50周龄健康海蓝褐蛋鸡,分成4个处理,每个处理3个重复,每个重复30只蛋鸡。分别按照玉米-豆粕型基础日粮组(对照组)、试验1组(基础日粮中添加1%)、试验2组(基础日粮中添加1.5%)、试验3组(基础日粮中添加2%)饲喂。试验结果表明:试验组蛋鸡所产鸡蛋哈夫单位相对于对照组均有提高,蛋黄中胆固醇含量显著降低,且随着添加时间的延长下降趋势明显,也可有效改善蛋黄中磷脂含量。以试验2组效果最好,且与其他组差异显著(P<0.05)。     

酵母硒对蛋鸡生产性能及蛋中硒含量的影响

为了确定酵母硒和亚硒酸钠对蛋鸡生产性能及鸡蛋中硒沉积量的影响,试验选择27周龄健康、体质量相近和产蛋性能基本一致的600只罗曼白壳蛋鸡,随机分为2个处理组,每处理3个重复,每重复100只鸡.对照组饲喂基础日粮+0.089 g亚硒酸钠;试验组饲喂基础日粮+120 g/t酵母硒(酵母硒中硒含量2000 mg/kg).试验期为8周.结果表明:相比对照组,添加酵母硒在试验后期可以提高蛋鸡后期平均日产蛋量、平均蛋质量并降低软破蛋率.酵母硒显著提高鸡蛋中硒的含量.     

硒对蛋鸡生产性能与鸡蛋硒含量的影响

本试验旨在研究在蛋鸡日粮中添加无机硒与酵母硒对蛋鸡生产性能及鸡蛋品质的影响。选择300日龄体质健康的京红1号蛋鸡540羽,分为3个处理,每个处理4个重复,每个重复45羽鸡。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2组分别在基础日粮中添加亚硒酸钠0．09mg／kg饲料、酵母硒120mg／kg饲料。预饲1周,试验从44周龄持续到48周龄,为期35d。结果显示,酵母硒极显著提高产蛋率和降低料蛋比,极显著提高了鸡蛋中的硒含量。     

蛋鸡日粮中添加富硒酵母对鸡蛋中硒含量及分布的影响

试验选用产蛋率约为80%的罗曼褐蛋鸡35只,随机分为7组,进行为期30d的饲养试验。A组为对照组,饲以基础日粮,其余6组为试验组,B、C、D组在基础蛋鸡日粮中分别添加0.2mg/kg、0.5mg/kg、1mg/kg硒的亚硒酸钠,E、F、G组在基础蛋鸡日粮中分别添加0.2mg/kg、0.5mg/kg、1mg/kg硒的富硒酵母。试验过程中记录蛋鸡的生产性能,每隔7d从各试验组鸡所产的鸡蛋中任取3枚,测定鸡蛋中硒的含量,并于试验的第14、15天,28、29天从A、C、F组每组各取5枚鸡蛋分别测定蛋黄和蛋清的硒含量。结果显示,日粮中添加硒对蛋鸡生产性能无显著影响,能极显著提高鸡蛋中硒含量,并且硒主要存在蛋黄中,添加富硒酵母组蛋硒含量较亚硒酸钠组提高更为显著。     

Blood and milk status of vitamin E,vitamin A,and selenium in nursing Awassi ewes injected with vitamin E and selenium

Abstract

This study investigated the effects of vitamin E and selenium (Se) injections on concentrations of vitamin E, vitamin A, and Se in blood and milk to predict when injections may improve ewes’ performance. Awassi ewes received 0 (control, 13 ewes) or 15 plus 0.05?mg/kg BW of vitamin E and Se (injected, 15 ewes) at 1 and 4 weeks postpartum. Blood and milk samples were collected weekly for 6 weeks. Injections increased vitamin E, decreased Se, and had no effects on vitamin A levels in blood. Blood vitamin E was correlated positively with vitamin A. Injections increased vitamin E, but had no effects on vitamin A or Se levels in milk. Milk vitamin A was positively correlated with vitamin E and Se levels in the control group. Milk vitamins E and A were positively correlated with their corresponding levels in blood. Milk somatic cell count was negatively correlated with blood vitamin A levels.     

Liver copper, selenium and vitamin B12 concentrations in farmed and feral red deer (Cervus elaphus)

AIM: To compare liver copper, selenium and vitamin B12 concentrations in red deer of farmed and feral origin. METHODS: Liver samples were collected from red deer at a South Island deer slaughter premise and a game packing house in November 2000. The site of origin and age of each animal were recorded. A subsample of 107 livers was selected (n=5-10 per site of origin and age category) from farmed deer from central Canterbury, Nelson and Westland, and from feral deer from north, central and south Westland. Samples were analysed for copper, selenium and vitamin B12 concentrations and reported on a wet-matter basis. RESULTS: Mean liver copper concentrations for farmed and feral yearlings were 267 and 889 micromol/kg, respectively, and for farmed and feral adults were 206 and 677 micromol/kg, respectively. Liver copper concentrations were lower for farmed than for feral deer (p<0.001) and for feral adults than for feral yearlings (p=0.002). Mean liver selenium concentrations in farmed and feral yearlings were 2050 and 1539 nmol/kg, respectively, and in farmed and feral adults were 1938 and 1625 nmol/kg, respectively. Liver selenium concentrations varied significantly between regions and overall, farmed deer had higher liver selenium concentrations than feral deer (p=0.04). Mean liver vitamin B12 concentrations in farmed and feral yearlings were 456 and 742 nmol/kg, and for farmed and feral adults were 428 and 869 nmol/kg, respectively. Liver vitamin B12 concentrations were lower for farmed than for feral deer (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Feral deer had higher liver copper and vitamin B12 concentrations and lower liver selenium concentrations than farmed deer in the regions studied.     

Selenium and vitamin E deficiency in pigs. II. Influence on plasma selenium, vitamin E, ASAT and ALAT and on tissue selenium.

The effect of dietary selenium (Se) and vitamin E (Vit. E) in pigs on Se and Vit. E in plasma and on Se in tissue from liver, heart, m. long, dorsi and m. psoas major was studied; and furthermore was the influence on the enzymes ASAT and ALAT studied.Two levels of Se were used, 0.03 and 0.06 mg Se per kg feed. Within each Se level 2 levels of Vit. E were used, 15 and 45 i. u. per kg feed. This resulted in 4 groups: 1. low Se and low Vit. E; 2. low Se and high Vit. E; 3. high Se and low Vit. E; 4. high Se and high Vit. E.Ten% of all pigs fed low Se, and 4% of the pigs fed low Se and high Vit. E diet died with severe symptoms of Se deficiency. None of the pigs fed the high Se diet died with such symptoms. Plasma Se determinations have been shown to indicate the Se status in pigs almost as accurately as liver Se determination. ASAT and ALAT enzyme determinations were not of any diagnostic value.There was a good agreement between dietary Vit. E level and the corresponding levels in plasma. Oxidized herring oil seems to enhance the Vit. E need.     

快速测定预混合饲料中维生素B2的含量

采用荧光标准曲线法对预混合饲料中维生素B2进行测定.本法测定线性范围较宽,在0.0～1.0 μg/mL相关系数为0.99998, 平均回收率为94.55%～102.86%.本法简单快捷,能满足预混合饲料中维生素B2的分析要求.     

奶牛硒和维生素E营养状况与围产期健康的关系

围产期是奶牛生产疾病的高发期,分娩与开始泌乳对奶牛造成巨大的代谢应激,导致用于维持免疫系统功能的营养物质缺乏,使动物处于氧化应激状态,机体表现免疫抑制。硒和维生素E均参与机体的抗氧化防御系统,它们之间具有协同作用,在抗氧化,提高机体的免疫反应,降低围产期乳房炎、胎衣不下等疾病的发生方面发挥重要作用。本文对奶牛硒和维生素E营养状况与围产期健康的关系进行了综述。     

Effect of ingestion of soil on the iodine, copper, cobalt (vitamin B12) and selenium status of grazing sheep

AIM: To determine the impact of ingestion of soil on the iodine (I), selenium (Se), copper (Cu) and cobalt (Co; vitamin B12) status of young sheep. METHODS: Twenty young sheep were divided into two groups; one group was fed lucerne pellets, while the other group was fed lucerne pellets plus 100 g soil, for 63 days. At the end of the study the animals were blood-sampled, slaughtered, and the liver removed, and concentrations of I, Cu, vitamin B12 and Se were determined. RESULTS: The ingestion of soil significantly increased concentrations of I and vitamin B12 in serum, but had no effect on concentrations of Cu and Se in serum/blood and liver, and vitamin B12 in liver. CONCLUSION: Ingested soil can be a significant source of I and Co (vitamin B12) for grazing sheep.