蛋白质组学方法在水产品质量安全研究中的应用

基于双向电泳和质谱技术的蛋白质组学方法从蛋白质整体活动的角度来研究生命活动的规律,在水产品质量安全研究中具有重要意义。文章在介绍蛋白质组学方法的支撑技术双向电泳和质谱基础上,综合分析了蛋白质组学方法在水产品特别是鱼的品质安全中的应用现状,并进一步探讨了其应用研究前景,旨在为水产品的养殖和加工提供一定借鉴。     

蛋白质组学在畜禽肉品质研究中的应用

后基因组时代的主要研究任务之一即是蛋白质组学研究,蛋白质组学技术发展迅速,目前已有望成为用来解决生命科学领域中诸多问题的有力工具。鉴于此,本文从现代肉品生产中存在的品质问题出发,综述了蛋白质组学的概念、研究内容、研究策略和蛋白质组学研究的核心技术,即蛋白质组分分离、蛋白质组分鉴定、利用蛋白质组信息学进行结构和功能预测,以及近年来国内外蛋白质组学与畜禽肉品质的相关性研究,在畜禽肉品质研究中的应用进展,并对其在畜禽肉品质研究中的应用前景进行展望。     

基于质谱的蛋白质组学技术及其在绒毛用羊中的应用

蛋白质组学(proteomics)是指应用蛋白质分离、鉴定和定量的技术研究蛋白质组的一门学科,与之对应的蛋白质组学技术随之快速发展,基于质谱的蛋白质组学技术更是在相关领域广泛应用。作者主要就蛋白质的相互作用、差异蛋白质组学和蛋白质的定量研究,一些基于质谱的蛋白质组学技术的原理和优缺点,以及绒毛用羊毛囊研究现状和基于质谱的蛋白质组学技术在绒毛用羊中的应用进展等方面进行了综述。最后,对蛋白质组学技术在绒毛用羊毛囊研究中的应用前景做出展望。     

蛋白质组学及其在奶牛乳房炎研究中的应用

蛋白质组学是功能基因组学的重要组成部分,已被广泛应用于人类疾病等相关研究领域。二维凝胶电泳、质谱和生物信息学是蛋白质组学研究的三大关键技术。文章概述了蛋白质组学研究技术的最新进展和白细胞蛋白质组学、微生物蛋白质组学、差异蛋白质组学的研究进展,以及蛋白质组学在奶牛乳房炎发病机理、诊断和防治等相关研究中的应用与前景。     

基因组学和蛋白质组学及其在营养学中的应用

随着基因组学、蛋白质组学等技术的不断发展,营养基因组学和营养蛋白质组学应运而生,并迅速成为营养学研究的新前沿.笔者即对组学技术中的基因组学和蛋白质组学的概念、研究内容、技术手段及其在营养学领域中的应用作一综述.     

乳蛋白组学研究进展

作者综述了蛋白质组学研究中的关键技术及蛋白质组学在乳蛋白组学研究中的应用。尤其强调了二维凝胶电泳结合各种质谱技术对乳蛋白组学研究的突出贡献。此外,就蛋白质组学新技术的引入对推进乳蛋白质更广泛、深入地研究进行了展望。     

蛋白质组学研究技术及其在弓形虫研究中的应用

蛋白质组学是生命科学研究的一种重要的高通量方法,本文介绍了蛋白质组学的研究内容及主要技术,并对蛋白质组学在弓形虫研究中的应用进行了综述。     

蛋白质组学技术及其在动物营养学中的研究进展

后基因组时代,蛋白质组学提供了从蛋白质整体活动的角度来研究生命活动规律的技术,为动物营养学提供了重要的研究手段和新的研究思路。目前,蛋白质组学技术在动物营养研究中已有广泛的应用。在介绍蛋白质组学技术支撑方法的同时,综析蛋白质组学技术在畜禽和水产等动物营养学中的应用现状,并探讨其应用前景,旨在为动物营养学相关研究提供一定借鉴。     

禽主要病毒性感染的比较蛋白质组学研究进展

比较蛋白质组学是蛋白质组学的一个重要分支,现已广泛应用于生命科学和医药学的各个领域,尤其在重大疾病研究、治疗和靶向药物的筛选方面。比较蛋白质组学在兽医学领域研究的重点在于揭示病毒与宿主细胞的相互作用机制和病毒的分子致病机制,为动物病毒病的诊断、防控和新型疫苗的开发提供新的思路。本文对比较蛋白质组学的研究内容和主要研究技术、在兽医学研究中的应用以及在禽主要病毒性感染中的研究进展进行综述。     

禽主要病毒感染的比较蛋白质组学研究进展

比较蛋白质组学是蛋白质组学的一个重要分支,现已广泛应用于生命科学和医药学的各个领域,尤其在重大疾病研究、治疗和靶向药物的筛选方面得到了更为广泛的应用。比较蛋白质组学在兽医学领域研究的重点在于揭示病毒与宿主细胞的相互作用机制和病毒的分子致病机制,为动物病毒病的诊断、防控和新型疫苗的开发提供新的思路。本文从比较蛋白质组学的研究内容和主要研究技术、在兽医学研究中的应用以及在禽主要病毒感染中的研究进展进行综述。     

池塘养鱼常见水质问题及解决方法

 池塘养鱼中水质的优劣直接关系到养殖效益的好坏,除了有足够的水量外,更要具务相应的水质条件。论文对池塘养鱼水质指标、水色标准、水色辨别等方面做了总体概述,对池塘养鱼生产中常见的pH异常,氨氮偏高,亚硝酸盐过高,溶解氧浓度,硫化氢过高,蓝藻等问题及其发生的原因、来源、危害以及解决办法进行了解析,以期为做好水质管理,争取高产提供依据。     

应用大数据云平台提升生鲜乳运输安全及效率的研究

我国奶业正处于转型升级的关键时期,实时有效地利用大数据、云平台等信息化管理技术,可提高生鲜乳安全生产效率和质量,提升奶业综合竞争力。随着生鲜乳需求量与运输距离的不断提升,从生产牧场至乳品厂之间的质量监管成为生鲜乳安全生产的重要环节,如何高效实现生鲜乳运输车辆调度、运输状态可视化监控、生鲜乳质量实时监控,打通生产乳从生产、运输和乳品厂之间全程安全监管环节,是当前生鲜乳生产和加工企业关注和实践探索的重要方向。为了全程零盲区监管保障生鲜乳质量,本文介绍了如何利用大数据平台,实现生鲜乳运输车辆管理、调拨信息、过程监控、报表中心、后台信息等APP模块管理的互通,打破信息不共享孤岛,贯通牧场与乳品加工厂的信息对接,全程信息调拨、监管实现信息零延误,实时痕迹预警监管的经验做法,为生鲜乳安全生产最后一公里保驾护航。     

Aspects of animal welfare with regard to the production of farmed fish in aquaculture systems

The most important aspects on animal welfare with reference to fish are presented in this paper. World-wide a fast growing trend with regard to the production of aquatic organisms in aquaculture systems is observed. For the future an increase of the number of basic questions with relevance to animal welfare in this area is to be expected. The main precondition for the creation of appropriate welfare conditions with regard to the farmed fish species is the optimisation of the environmental quality. Careful handling in the course of necessary farming activities minimises the appearance of distrees and damages in live fish.     

Effects of season and agro-ecological zone on the microbial quality of raw milk along the various levels of the value chain in Uganda

Dairy production in Uganda is pasture-based and traditional Ankole cattle make up 80% of the cattle herd, reared in both pastoral and agro-pastoral ecological zones. Regardless of the zone, milk quality is lowest in production basin during the dry season when ambient temperatures are highest and water is scarce. Poor hygiene and quality management contributed to the deterioration of raw milk quality during its storage and delivery to the final consumer, and concealed the seasonal effect when milk reached urban consumption areas. Poor milk quality is a challenge for the Ugandan Dairy Development Authorities who wish to make the milk value chain safe. This study provides baseline information for the implementation of an HACCP-based system to ensure the hygienic quality of milk from the farm to the market place.     

Dietary factors affecting the utilisation of protein by laying hens and their effects on the concentrations of certain nitrogenous constituents in the excreta

New techniques involving extraction with organic solvents and lithium carbonate solution have been used to fractionate nitrogenous components of the excreta from laying hens fed diets in which the supplementary protein was groundnut meal, poor‐quality fish meal or good‐quality fish meal. The effect of adding methionine or lysine or both to the groundnut diet was also studied.

The proportion of ingested nitrogen excreted as uric acid or urate was significantly higher when the dietary protein supplement was groundnut meal than when it was good‐quality fish meal or groundnut meal supplemented with both lysine and methionine. Nitrogen retention, egg production and the apparent digestibility of nitrogen were higher on diets containing good‐quality fish meal than on diets containing groundnut meal alone. Intermediate effects were obtained when feeding diets supplemented with poor‐quality fish meal of groundnut meal containing either lysine or methionine. The implications of these findings are discussed. The main differences in protein utilisation associated with variations in dietary protein quality were reflected in the proportions of ingested nitrogen excreted as urates and as protein. Other nitrogenous components of excreta examined showed little variation with dietary protein quality. Benefits derived from the addition of methionine and lysine to the groundnut diet were obtained mainly by a more efficient use of absorbed amino acids.     

Antagonistic effect of indigenous skin bacteria of brook charr (Salvelinus fontinalis) against Flavobacterium columnare and F. psychrophilum

Industrial fish production exposes fish to potentially stressful conditions, which in turn may induce infections by opportunistic pathogens. Probiotics appear to be a promising way to prevent opportunistic infections in aquaculture. In this study, we tested the inhibitory potential of endogenous bacterial communities found in the mucus of brook charr (Salvelinus fontinalis) against two major pathogens Flavobacterium columnare and Flavobacterium psychrophilum. Nine bacterial strains were isolated from brook charr skin mucus and tested for potential antagonistic activity. Results from both agar diffusion assays and broth co-culture assays showed the presence of antagonism. We identified seven bacterial strains, collected from unstressed fish, which exerted strong antagonism against F. psychrophilum and/or F. columnare. These strains were mixed and used to treat columnaris disease in an in vivo experiment in which four distinct fish families were tested. This treatment resulted in a decrease of mortality (54-86%) across fish families indicating that candidates from the host microbiota are potentially suitable for probiotic development. This would allow for the efficient (ability to adhere and colonize the host mucus) and durable management (antagonistic effect against pathogens which would be harmless for the host and safe for its environment) of opportunistic diseases in aquaculture.     

Sushi in Pregnancy,Parasitic Diseases – Obstetrician Survey

Parasites from raw fish can lead to a wide range of clinical manifestations and can be challenging to treat in pregnancy as result of medication exposure of the foetus. We surveyed obstetrician‐gynecologists (ob‐gyns) in the U.S. to determine their knowledge about the consumption of raw fish during pregnancy. In March 2007, a questionnaire was mailed to members of the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) randomly selected to represent all members. Non‐responding physicians were sent two additional mailings. Of the 606 ACOG members surveyed, 305 (50%) responded. Most (82%) respondents indicated that eating raw fish is not safe during pregnancy. However, few (19%) knew that thorough freezing kills parasites in fish. Nearly all (94%) respondents thought that parasitic infections can be more challenging to treat in pregnancy. U.S. ob‐gyns believe that eating raw fish during pregnancy is not safe; most would benefit from information about how to prevent infection and about treatment.     

干草的营养价值及其对奶牛日粮组合效应的影响

文章综述了国内外相关文献及研究成果,阐明了优质干草的营养特点,干草质量对奶牛日粮的组合效应、对奶牛生理机能及生产性能的影响作用,指出通过研究优质干草的贮藏技术和奶牛日粮的粗饲料组合效应,可以实现奶牛高效日粮的配制和科学饲养,提高奶牛的生产性能,改善牛奶品质.为合理使用优质干草,科学配制日粮,保证奶牛安全、健康和高产提供依据.     

鱼类行为学研究进展

鱼类行为学是一门古老而又年轻的科学,在动物行为进化上和渔业生产发展中均具有重要意义。近年来,随着渔业生产的发展,改进和提高旧生产技术,探讨新技术的应用,将来海洋养殖农牧化中对鱼类行为的控制,在水利建设、农业灌溉用水及水域环境污染中鱼类行为的变化与控制等都将与鱼类行为学的研究紧密相关。从摄食行为、繁殖行为及洄游行为对鱼类行为进行了综述。     

Warmwater fish vaccinology in catfish production

The ability of the fish industry to provide a continuous supply of fish protein depends on both proper biosecurity and strategies to significantly reduce the risk of infectious diseases. Vaccination is a safe and effective means to prevent disease and to increase the productivity and profitability of farmed fish. Vaccines are likely to be the prime prophylactic measure of the future because of rapidly developing advances in fish vaccine technology and producer acceptance. The efficacy of a vaccine is influenced by a variety of factors that must be considered in the development of vaccination strategies for fish. This review highlights some of these factors. The response to a modified live vaccine against Edwardsiella ictaluri is used for illustration.