Ultrasonographic assessment of regional radial and longitudinal systolic function in healthy awake dogs

BACKGROUND: Strain (St) and strain rate (SR) imaging are new ultrasound modalities based on tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) that allow quantitative assessment of segmental myocardial contraction or stretching and rate of deformation, respectively. HYPOTHESIS: Regional peak systolic St and SR could allow repeatable and reproducible assessment of systolic function of the right (RVW) and left (LVFW) myocardial walls in dogs. ANIMALS: Six healthy Beagle dogs were used to determine the repeatability and reproducibility of regional peak systolic St and SR in the RVW and LVFW (Study 1). These variables were also assessed in 30 healthy dogs of several breeds (Study 2). METHODS: Longitudinal peak systolic St and SR were recorded in 2 segments (basal and apical) of the RVW and LVFW. Radial peak systolic St and SR of the LVFW were also assessed. RESULTS: All within- and most (7/10) between-day coefficients of variation were <15%. Absolute values of the longitudinal deformation indices were significantly higher (P < .001) in the RVW (St = -39.5 +/- 5.5% and SR = -5.2 +/- 0.8 s(-1) at the base; St = -36.3 +/- 4.3% and SR = -4.7 +/- 1.1 s(-1) at the apex) than in the LVFW. Absolute values were also higher for the radial (St = 62.9 +/- 10.4% and SR = 5.8 +/- 1.1 s(-1), P < .001) than for the longitudinal LFVW motions. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: St and SR imaging is a repeatable and reproducible method for assessing systolic myocardial function. The combination of these indices with conventional echocardiographic variables may be useful for screening canine myocardial diseases.     

Doppler-derived deformation imaging in unsedated healthy adult dogs

Objectives

To evaluate feasibility, repeatability and reproducibility (R&R) of Doppler-derived deformation imaging (DI) in healthy adult dogs.

Animals, materials and methods

Forty-nine dogs underwent physical examination, ECG, blood pressure measurement and echocardiography. Doppler-derived DI parameters obtained from six selected Regions of Interest (ROI) within the left ventricle (LV) were: strain (S), systolic strain rate (SSR), strain rate E wave (SRE), and strain rate A wave (SRA). The averages of the six ROIs were calculated and labeled avS, avSSR, avSRE, and avSRA. Randomly selected dogs underwent two echocardiographic studies to evaluate intraoperator (n = 14) and interoperator (n = 17) variability.

Results

DI data were obtained in 87.2% of dogs and 77.2% of ROIs. Compared to controls, avSSR was significantly reduced in Doberman Pinchers (DP) and it was increased in dogs <30 kg, compared to dogs >30 kg. The intraoperator Coefficient of Variability (CV) for some ROIs was greater than 15% but for averaged measurements it was ≤ 5.0%. Interoperator CV varied widely but were all <15% for avSSR, avS, and avSRA.

Conclusions

The CV for Doppler-derived DI varied widely. Averaging values from multiple ROIs improved R&R. DI may help elucidate differences in LV mechanics between canine breeds.     

鸡沙门氏菌弱毒株的效力和安全试验

将鸡沙门氏菌弱毒株以不同剂量分别经口服和颈部皮下接种1日龄商品蛋鸡进行安全性和免疫效力研究,结果表明：该弱毒株对1日龄雏鸡有良好的安全性并能提供较强的保护力。     

不同品种和年龄牛胆囊的比较组织学研究

通过对八例健康黄牛和健康小牛胆囊的比较组织学观察，我们发现，牛胆囊中以颈部粘膜皱臂明显，体部渐平坦，底部最少。粘膜上皮为单层柱状上皮，内有少量杯关细胞，大部分胆囊可见有淋巴滤泡，但是在血管周围未见淋巴和异染细胞的浸润，证明滤泡的形成与胆囊感洒无关。这种淋巴滤泡在黄牛胆囊中较多，水牛胆囊仅见一例。在黄牛和水牛胆囊中，均有腺体存在，黄牛的腺体明显多于水牛。腺体分为浆液腺、粘液腺和混合腺。老龄牛胆囊中腺     

“953”巨型高产长毛兔新品系培育研究(Ⅱ)——横交固定与继代选育效果

从５０００余只杂种兔中,按公母比例１∶８选择３００余只体重大、产毛量高的个体进行横交固定,经过４个世代的选育,兔只（１１月龄）平均体重达５３８６克,年产毛量１４２４克,粗毛率１１．７４％,结块率２．２４％,胎产活仔７．２６只,料毛比４３∶１。种兔外貌特征一致,遗传性能稳定。现有核心群种兔１２００只,繁殖群７２００只,生产群２．５万余只,向省内外推广繁育２８万只,各项生产指标均达到或超过预定标准及全国家兔育种委员会制定的“德系长毛兔种兔鉴定标准”和“粗毛型长毛兔的选育指标”。     

Effects of stocking density and group size on the performance of white and brown Hyline layers in semi-arid conditions

The effect of housing two Hyline strains of commercial laying hens White Hyline (W-98) and Brown Hyline (Hyline Brown) at densities of 2, 3 or 4 per cage (1100, 733 or 550 cm²/hen, respectively) was investigated over 3 months. Hyline Brown layers gained more weight, laid more but lighter eggs, utilized feed more efficiently and had a lower mortality than W-98 layers. Housing birds 2 or 3 per cage resulted in greater body weight gain, higher egg production, heavier eggs, better feed conversion ratio and a lower mortality than housing them 4 per cage. There were significant interactions between strain and stocking density for egg production, egg weight, egg output and mortality. It is suggested that for egg production in semi-arid areas Hyline Brown hens could be used and housed at a density of 733 cm²/hen.     

Left atrial deformation and phasic function determined by two-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography in dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease

Introduction

Left atrial (LA) function can provide useful information in dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD). Recently, we have demonstrated the feasibility of measuring LA longitudinal deformation using speckle-tracking echocardiography (STE) to estimate LA function in healthy dogs. Whether LA strain and strain rate variables provide additional information about LA function and clinical cardiac status in dogs with MMVD remains unexplored.

Eradication of bovine brucellosis in the 10th Region de Los Lagos,Chile

The process of Bovine Brucellosis Eradication that began in 1996 in the 10th Region de Los Lagos of Chile will be reviewed. The region comprises the most important dairy area of the country and it has the largest concentration of brucellosis infected herds. Based on the information gathered by an epidemiological surveillance system, the results of the eradication process for the years 1996 till 2001 are presented as rates of Milk Ring Test (MRT) positive dairies, rates of brucellosis reactors (bovines) in livestock markets and slaughterhouses, and the annual incidence and prevalence of brucellosis infected herds.

During the period the rates of positive dairies, bovine reactors in livestock markets and slaughterhouses, and the annual incidence and prevalence of infected herds have experienced a decrease, while the rate of bovine reactors in slaughterhouses has remained stable. Data on the preventive measures taken, such as vaccination of female bovines and Certification of Brucellosis Free Herds, are also shown. The surveillance system has allowed the detection of infected herds, while the measures of prevention and cleaning of infected herds have allowed a reduction in the incidence and prevalence of the infection by Brucella abortus.     

Myocardial Function of Horses Under Sedation with Romifidine Using Two-Dimensional Speckle Tracking

Two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography (2DST) provides the assessment of the left ventricle deformation parameters strain (St) and strain rate (SR). The objective of this study was to evaluate St and SR under the influence of romifidine in healthy horses and horses affected with heart disease. The study subjects were 45 privately owned horses. Valvular insufficiencies were identified by color Doppler in 21 out of 45 horses. Dimensional changes were identified in 13 of these 21 horses. These dimensional changes included dilatations of the left ventricle (130 ± 8.95 mm) and/or the left atrium (141 ± 4.8 mm). The other 24 horses were without echocardiographic findings and had normal heart dimensions. Based on clinical signs, echo-, and electrocardiographic examinations, 24 horses were categorized as group 1 (healthy), 13 as group 2 (heart disease without dimensional changes), and 8 as group 3 (heart disease with dimensional changes). The radial St and SR were assessed in the left ventricular free wall and the interventricular septum using 2DST. After application of romifidine, a significant reduction of St and the systolic peak of SR were found in all three groups. Group 3 showed the most significant reduction of these parameters (41.5%). The reduction of St and SR under romifidine showed a reduced myocardial function, which is more obvious in horses with cardiac dilatation. It can be assumed that heart disease with myocardial dilatation leads to decreasing myocardial function, which becomes more obvious after romifidine application and of clinical importance in horses with severe heart disease and cardiac dilatation.     

我国五省斯氏并殖吸虫群体形态学的分类地位研究

目的在于从形态学角度研究我国五省（广东、福建、云南、河北、四川）斯氏并殖吸虫各群体之间的种内差异以及四川并殖吸虫独立性问题。并比较宫崎、泡囊并殖吸虫与斯氏并殖吸虫在形态学方面的种间差异。应用光镜方法分别观察五省斯氏并殖吸虫成虫染色标本的主要形态特征并对表型观察指标（成虫长宽比例、睾丸长度与休长比例、口腹吸盘比例）进行统计学分析。从形态学方面观察结果来看，五省斯氏并殖吸虫群体之间存在的差异较小，其中四川并殖吸虫与斯氏并殖吸虫之间存在的差异也不大。泡囊并残吸虫在形态学方面与斯氏并殖吸虫各地域株也较为相似。日本的宫崎并殖吸虫在形态学方面与斯氏并殖吸虫群体可能均属斯氏并殖吸虫同一虫种，由于受地理因素影响，种内可能存在着不同的载域株。四川并殖吸虫与斯氏并殖吸虫可能系同种异名。其二泡囊并殖吸虫与日本的宫崎并殖吸虫很可能也是斯氏并殖吸虫的同种异名。为进一步明确五省斯氏并殖吸虫群体及泡囊并殖吸虫与日本的宫崎并殖吸虫的分类地位尚需结合分子生物学的研究进行综合分析。     

猪细小病毒N株的生物学和免疫学特性研究

猪细小病毒N株是从广西初产母猪所产死胎脏器分离的自然弱毒株。用这个毒株接种PPV HI抗体阴性的四月龄小猪和怀孕14～23天的后备母猪进行安全性试验,结果无任何异常临床症状、病毒血症和同居感染,母猪分娩正常,初生仔猪在吃初乳前HI抗体阴性。该毒株免疫的小猪、后备母猪和怀孕母猪,完全能抵抗猪细小病毒强毒攻击,攻毒后49天剖杀母猪,结果胎儿正常,胎儿心血HI抗体阴性,取胎儿脏器未分离出病毒,分娩母猪产仔正常,仔猪吃初乳前HI抗体阴性。而对照猪攻毒后产生病毒血症,产下不同组合异常仔,并从死胎儿脏器分离出病毒,健活仔猪吃初乳前能测出HI抗体。从而证明用N株作为弱毒苗能防止由猪细小病毒引起的繁殖障碍性疾病。     

“953”巨型高产长毛兔新品系培育研究(Ⅰ)——杂交组合的筛选与杂种效应分析

以西平本地长毛兔、德系安哥拉兔和浙江产高产长毛兔群为亲本，进行品系（群）间杂交创新，为选育“９５３”巨型高产长毛兔提供基础群。结果表明，本地兔♀×德系兔♂、本地兔♀×浙江兔♂和德系兔♀×浙江兔♂３个杂交组合比较优秀，每一杂交组合的杂种与其父本级进杂交三代，其后代在体尺、体重、产毛量和繁殖性能等方面均有不同程度提高，而且不同组合的杂交效果表现出一定的互补性，上述３个杂交组合的级进三     

新城疫病毒D_(10)毒株稳定性及最小免剂量测定

将ＮＤＶＤ１０毒株于鸭胚尿囊腔和绒毛膜两个途径接种传代至５０代,分别测定不同代次胚液病毒ＨＡ、ＥＩＤ５０及免疫原性,结果表明该病毒用尿囊腔途径接种也可获得较高滴度病毒,不同代次病毒液ＨＡ和ＥＩＤ５０都分别在１∶２５６和１０８．０／０１ｍｌ以上,免疫原性良好,但鸭胚致死性随传代次数增加而减轻,１２０小时内死亡率仅说明该病毒稳定性良好。该病毒于－２０℃和－５０℃保存期分别达６和１２个月,最小免疫剂量≤５０００ＥＩＤ５０     

白色獭兔R新品系生长发育及繁殖性能研究

美系獭兔的繁殖性能强，生长速度慢，饲养周期长，养殖成本高。德系獭兔生长速度快，繁殖性能差，成活率低，养殖效益低。针对美系獭兔和德系獭免的生长和繁殖特点，应用现代遗传育种理论和技术，对关系白色獭兔和德系白色獭免进行杂交育种，采用群体继代选育法，进行闭锁繁育，进一步固定优良性状。经过连续五个世代的选育，培育出生长速度快、繁殖性能强、成活率高、遗传性状稳定的白色獭兔R新品系。并对其繁殖及生长发育性能进行测定，为獭兔的品种选育提供理论依据。     

泰山粗毛型长毛兔高产核心群的组建

根据合成系育种原理,利用德系安哥拉兔产毛量高、被毛密度大的遗传基础,杂交导入ＧＳＡＢ兔粗毛率高、生长快、体重大的优良基因,经杂种一代横交或用德系安哥拉兔回交后,分离筛选得到毛密、体大、粗毛含量高的粗毛型兔,然后进一步同质迁入新法系安哥拉、沪２０７１系等粗毛型兔的高产基因,获得高产毛量、高粗毛率的理想型个体组建选育核心群。核心群基因来源及血统比例为德系安哥拉占３７．５％,ＧＳＡＢ占１２．５％,新法系和沪２０７１系分别占２５％。     

Echocardiographic Estimates of Right Ventricular Systolic Function in Dogs with Myxomatous Mitral Valve Disease

Background

Right ventricular (RV) dysfunction independently predicts outcomes in human myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD). There is limited information regarding RV systolic function in dogs with MMVD.

Hypothesis

Right ventricular systolic function differs among stages of disease, decreasing in decompensated MMVD.

Animals

Thirty‐sixclient‐owned dogs with MMVD not receiving oral cardiovascular medications.

Methods

Prospective clinical study. Dogs were categorized according to disease severity as ACVIM Stage B1, B2, or C. Seven echocardiographic indices of RV systolic function were measured. Groups were compared by 1‐way ANOVA and Tukey's HSD test. Frequencies of cases with cardiac remodeling falling outside previously established reference intervals were compared using Fisher's exact test. Intra‐ and interobserver measurement variability was calculated for each RV function index.

Results

The indices TAPSE (P = 0.029), RV St_L (P = 0.012), and RV StR_L (P = 0.041) were significantly different between groups. A greater proportion of B2 dogs (7 of 12) had TAPSE values above reference intervals compared with B1 (2 of 12) or C (2 of 12) dogs (P = 0.027). Measurement variability of TAPSE, RV S', and RV St_G was clinically acceptable.

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Right ventricular systolic function differs between stages of MMVD, increasing in stage B2, and declining in stage C. The prognostic importance of RV function indices, particularly TAPSE, might be worth evaluating in dogs with MMVD.     

马鹿人工选育品系品种种质特性分析

对人工选育的天山马鹿清原品系和塔里木马鹿品种种质特性进行了全面分析     

中国美利奴羊(新疆型)新品系选育研究

以羊毛弯曲明显整齐度、油汗洁白度及光泽明亮度为选育性状 ,采用 5分制评分方法将这些质量指标数量化 ;通过采用群体继代选育法 ,经过 10年 4个世代选育研究 ,在中国美利奴 (新疆型 )中育成毛质优品系。品系群三个选育性状的平均评分值分别达到 4 87± 0 16、4 90± 0 19和 4 90± 0 17,较 0世代分别提高 2 7 15 %、2 7 93 %和 2 7 2 7% ;品系群平均净毛量达 3 92kg。各项指标全面超过育种目标