复合镁制剂的制备方法及其对肉仔鸡生长性能的影响

试验建立了以碳酸镁、乙酰水杨酸、DL-赖氨酸制备一种复合镁饲料添加剂的方法,研究了其在日粮中添加不同剂量对肉鸡生长性能的影响。选用3日龄健康艾维茵商品代肉仔鸡360只,随机分成6个处理组,每处理6个重复,每重复10只,进行为期6周的饲养试验。6个处理分别为基础日粮、基础日粮+碳酸镁(等同于0.2%复合镁制剂含量)、基础日粮+乙酰水杨酸-DL-赖氨酸(等同于0.2%复合镁制剂含量)、基础日粮+0.1%复合镁制剂、基础日粮+0.2%复合镁制剂、基础日粮+0.3%复合镁制剂。结果表明:复合镁制剂对肉鸡有一定的促生长作用,在4～6周龄期间添加一定剂量的复合镁制剂,可以使肉鸡采食量和日增重显著提高(P<0.05);综合试验日粮中,添加不同剂量复合镁制剂对肉鸡生产性能的改善效果得出日粮中0.2%复合镁制剂的添加量是优选的有效剂量。试验通过对复合镁制剂的实验室检测和动物试验证明,其具有改善肉鸡生产性能的作用,通过加合反应制备复合镁制剂的方法是可行的。     

不同剂型乳酸菌对雏鸡生长性能和小肠黏膜形态的影响

本文旨在比较不同剂型乳酸菌对雏鸡生长性能和小肠黏膜组织形态的影响.试验选用1日龄健康肉雏鸡240只,随机分成4组,每组5个重复,每个重复12只鸡.Ⅰ组为固体制剂组,饲喂基础饲粮+0.2％草乳杆菌固体制剂;Ⅱ组为液体制剂组,饲喂基础饲粮+0.2％草乳杆菌液体制剂;Ⅲ组为抗生素组,饲喂基础饲粮+0.01％黄霉素;Ⅳ组为对照...     

不同乳酸菌及其添加水平对肉仔鸡生长性能、免疫机能和肠道结构的影响

本试验通过在饲粮中添加不同菌种、不同水平的同源乳酸菌制剂,研究其对肉仔鸡生长性能、免疫机能和肠道形态结构的影响,比较2种乳酸菌的应用效果,进而确定饲粮中适宜的乳酸菌添加水平.选用1日龄健康爱拔益加肉公雏288只,随机分成6组,每组4个重复,每个重复12只鸡,Ⅰ组为对照组,饲喂基础饲粮;Ⅱ组为抗生素组,饲喂基础饲粮+0....     

乳酸菌固体发酵制剂对肉仔鸡生产性能和盲肠菌群的影响

本试验研究日粮中添加不同水平的同源乳酸杆菌固体发酵制剂对肉仔鸡生长性能和盲肠菌群的影响并确定该菌种的适宜添加量。选用1日龄健康肉仔公雏300只随机分成5组,每组5个重复,每个重复12只鸡。Ⅰ组为对照组,饲喂基础日粮;Ⅱ组饲喂基础日粮+0.01%黄霉素;Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ组为乳酸菌制剂组,分别饲喂基础日粮+0.05%草乳杆菌制剂、基础日粮+0.2%草乳杆菌制剂和基础日粮+1.0%草乳杆菌制剂,试验期为4周。结果表明,日粮中添加1.0%乳酸菌制剂能显著提高1～4周龄肉仔鸡的平均日增重,降低料肉比,且差异显著(P0.05);与Ⅱ组相比,添加1.0%乳酸菌制剂能显著增加盲肠内乳酸菌的数量(P0.05),有效抑制盲肠内大肠杆菌的繁殖(P0.05)。     

复合酸化剂对仔猪生长性能及腹泻的影响

试验选取24头28日龄、体质量8.4kg左右的杜×长×大三元杂交仔猪,随机分成2组,每组2个重复,每个重复6头猪。分别饲喂玉米-豆粕型基础饲粮和在此基础上添加0.2%复合酸化剂的饲粮。结果表明,添加酸化剂能提高仔猪日增重9.2%(P<0.05),降低料肉比8.7%,降低腹泻率42%(P<0.05)。说明日粮中添加酸化剂能显著增加仔猪生产的经济效益。     

复合微生态制剂对断奶仔猪生长性能和血清免疫指标的影响

为探讨微生态制剂对断奶仔猪生长性能、血清免疫指标的影响,选择35日龄断奶、体重相近、健康状况良好的松辽黑猪仔猪36头,随机分为3组,每组2个重复,每个重复6头,公母各半。复合微生态制剂组饲喂基础饲粮+0.2%复合微生态制剂,抗生素组饲喂基础饲粮+0.1%金霉素,对照组只饲喂基础饲粮。预试期7 d,正式试验期30 d。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,复合微生态制剂组和抗生素组日增重分别显著提高6.8%、5.9%,腹泻频率分别显著降低7.45个百分点、5个百分点。2)复合微生态制剂组血清中IgG含量比抗生素组和对照组分别显著提高38.9%和23.6%,复合微生态制剂组和抗生素组血清中IgM比对照组分别显著提高50.0%和32.3%。试验结果表明,在断奶仔猪的饲粮中添加复合微生态制剂可提高断奶仔猪日增重,降低腹泻频率,还可改善断奶仔猪免疫机能。     

葡萄糖酸钠和植酸酶对肉仔鸡磷利用的影响

选取280只3周龄的从雄性商品内鸡进行试验,研究玉米一豆粕型低磷饲粮中添加葡萄糖酸钠和植酸酶对内鸡磷利用的影响.试验采用2×3+1设计,其中葡萄糖酸钠两个水平(0,2%),植酸酶3个水平(0,500,1000 U/kg).另设一满足NKC(1994)钙、磷需要的正常饲粮,共构成7个处理,每个处理5个重复,每个重复8只鸡.试验期为3-6周龄.自由采食和饮水.结果表明:与正对照组相比.低磷基础饲粮显著降低了肉仔鸡的胫骨灰分含量(P<0.001);添加2%葡萄糖酸钠显著提高了肉仔鸡的血清钙水平(P=0.035);添加植酸酶提高了肉仔鸡的钙(P=0.020)、磷表观存留率(P＝0.036)和胫骨灰分含量(P<0.001).未观察到葡萄糖酸钠和植酸酶之间存在互作(P>0.05).这些结果说明,葡萄糖酸钠和植酸酶均可改善后期肉鸡对磷的利用.     

复合微生物发酵饲料对白羽肉鸡生长性能、免疫性能及肉品质的影响

为研究复合微生物发酵饲料对白羽肉鸡生长性能、免疫性能及肉品质的影响,试验选取1日龄爱拔益加(AA+)肉仔鸡600只,随机分为5组,每组6个重复,每个重复20只.对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组分别用25％、50％、75％和100％发酵饲料替代基础饲粮,试验期为42 d.结果表明:(1)试验Ⅳ组平均日增重比对照组...     

芽孢杆菌制剂对肉仔鸡生产性能和免疫力的影响

本文旨在研究日粮中添加芽孢杆茵制荆对内仔鸡生产性能和免疫力的影响.选用300只1日龄爱拨益加肉仔鸡.随机分成2组,每组3个重复,每个重复50只鸡.2个处理分别为:基础日粮组(Ⅰ)、基础日粮+0.2%芽孢杆茵制剂组(Ⅱ).试验结果表明:芽孢杆菌制剂提高了肉仔鸡的日增重,在3周龄和4周龄试验组(Ⅱ)与对照组(Ⅰ)相比差异显著(P<0.05),在5周龄和6周龄试验组(Ⅱ)与对照组(I)相比差异极显著(P<0.01);提高了饲料报酬.在3周龄试验组(Ⅱ)与对照组(Ⅰ)相比差异显著(P<0.05),在4～6周龄试验组(Ⅱ)与对照组(Ⅰ)相比差异极显著(P<0.01).肉仔鸡的免疫器官指数、鸡新城疫(NDV)抗体水平与对照组(Ⅰ)相比差异显著.同时也提高了肉仔鸡机体的健康状况.     

红芪对肉仔鸡抗氧化性能和免疫功能的影响

选用240只0日龄AA肉公雏,研究饲粮中添加红芪对肉仔鸡抗氧化性能和免疫功能的影响。试验采用单因子完全随机设计,分为基础饲粮和基础饲粮中添加0.5%、1%和2%的红芪,共4个处理组,每个处理6个重复,每个重复10只鸡,试验期6周,自由采食和饮水。与基础饲粮相比,饲粮中添加红芪能显著提高肉仔鸡21和42日龄血浆、多数组织的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性(P≤0.012),显著提高了两期血浆、肝脏和心脏的谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性(P≤0.024);降低了21日龄血浆的MDA含量(P=0.026);肉鸡前、后期的T-淋巴细胞酸性α萘酯酶染色阳性率(ANAE+)在红芪添加组显著高于对照组(P<0.001)。这些结果说明,红芪能提高肉鸡的抗氧化性能和细胞免疫功能。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

獭兔睾丸的组织学观察

家兔作为一种实验动物 ,推动了繁殖技术的发展。本试验通过对不同年龄公獭兔的睾丸进行组织学观察、测定 ,研究精子的发生规律 ,为系统地进行繁殖生理工作提供依据。1　材料与方法选 60日龄、75日龄、90日龄 3个年龄公獭兔各5只 ,用外科手术法摘取两侧睾丸 ,放入 Bouin氏液中固定 ,二甲苯透明 ,石蜡包埋 ,切成 5～ 8μm切片 ,H.E.染色。在显微镜下观察 ,并进行定量组织学指标测定及差异性比较。2　结果和讨论2 .1　睾丸定量组织学指标的测定结果　见表 1。表 1　獭兔睾丸定量组织学指标　　　μm,个 /精细管60日龄 75日龄 90日龄曲细精管…     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.