TGFβ3基因多态位点及其与猪脊椎数性状的关联分析

本研究旨在探索转化生长因子β3(transforming growth factor beta 3,TGFβ3)基因在大白猪×民猪构建的F2代资源群体内的多态性,并分析其多态性与猪脊椎数性状的关系。试验采用PCR技术,以F0代个体的DNA为模板,筛选TGFβ3基因外显子区的SNP,并将筛选到的SNP在F2代群体中进行验证,进而分析SNP与猪脊椎数性状的关联性。结果发现,TGFβ3基因在F0代个体中仅筛选到1个SNP位点,即SSC7:105179474GA,表现为两种基因型GG和GA。TGFβ3基因不同基因型与F2代个体脊椎数性状的关联分析表明,SSC7:105179474GA与猪肋骨数、胸腰椎数之和呈极显著相关(P0.01),与猪腰椎数无显著相关(P0.05)。χ2适合性检验发现,该位点处于Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态(P0.05)。综上所述,TGFβ3基因可能是影响猪脊椎数性状的主效基因或与主效基因连锁,SSC7:105179474GA位点有望作为提高猪脊椎数性状的分子遗传标记。     

柯乐猪DSP基因SNP鉴定及其与繁殖性状的关联分析

本研究旨在分析柯乐猪桥粒斑蛋白（Desmoplakin,DSP）基因单核苷酸多态性（Single Nucleotide Polymorphism,SNP）与繁殖性状的相关性。选择86头柯乐猪母猪，利用DNA混合池结合Sanger测序筛选DSP基因SNP位点，并采用SPSS22.0软件中的一般线性模型（GLM）对DSP基因SNP位点与柯乐猪繁殖性状进行关联分析。结果表明，在柯乐猪DSP基因中共发现了9个SNP位点，在第14外显子发现3个SNP位点：g.4897767G>A、g.4897776C>T和g.4897824G>A，在第14内含子发现6个SNP位点：g.4897943G>T、g.4897954C>T、g.4897991T>C、g.4897997T>G、g.4897999C>G和g.4898004C>T。连锁不平衡分析发现g.4897767G>A、g.4897999C>G和g.4898004C>T位点之间、g.4897824G>A与g.4897999C>G、g.4898004C>T位点之间以及...     

松辽黑猪OAS1基因多态性及其与繁殖性状的关联分析

为探究寡腺苷酸合成酶1（oligoadenylate synthase 1,OAS1）基因多态性与松辽黑猪繁殖性状的关联性,试验选取130头松辽黑猪母猪为研究对象,利用Sanger直接测序法测序查找OAS1基因外显子1~8的SNP位点,使用SPSS 19.0软件分析OAS1基因SNP位点与松辽黑猪繁殖性状的关联性。结果显示,在松辽黑猪OAS1基因外显子2、3和6上共检测到33个突变位点;其中在外显子2的110 bp处存在1个SNP位点（G110C）,存在3种基因型：GG、GC和CC;在外显子3的176 bp处存在1个SNP位点（C176T）,存在3种基因型：CC、CT和TT;在外显子6的145 bp处存在1个SNP位点（C145T）,存在3种基因型：CC、CA和AA;在166 bp处存在1个SNP位点（G166A）,存在3种基因型：GG、GA和AA;在206 bp处存在1个SNP位点（A206G）,存在3种基因型：AA、AG和GG。卡方适合性检验结果显示,松辽黑猪OAS1基因G110C突变位点符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态,C176T、C145A、G166A和G206A位点均偏离Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态。群体遗传参数分析结果显示,各SNPs位点遗传杂合度均位于中等水平,为中度多态（0.25<PIC<0.5）。关联分析结果发现,G110C位点GC基因型个体总产仔数、产活仔数和断奶仔猪数均显著高于GG基因型个体（P<0.05）;C176T位点CT基因型个体断奶仔猪数显著高于CC基因型个体（P<0.05）;C145T位点CC基因型个体总产仔数和产活仔数均显著高于AA基因型个体（P<0.05）;G166A位点GA基因型个体断奶仔猪数显著高于GG基因型个体（P<0.05）;A206G位点GG基因型个体总产仔数和产活仔数显著高于AA基因型个体（P<0.05）。结果表明,OAS1基因外显子区存在突变位点,对松辽黑猪部分繁殖性状有显著性影响。     

猪蛋白酪氨酸磷酸酶-1B基因第7内含子多态性与猪脂肪沉积性状的关联性

本研究旨在分析蛋白酪氨酸磷酸酶-1B(PTP-1B)基因部分SNP与猪脂肪沉积性状的关联性。选取国外瘦肉型猪种大约克夏16头、长白猪21头和中国脂肪型地方猪种梅山猪22头以及"大白×梅山"F2代资源家系213头为研究材料,利用PCR-Eco88I-RFLP方法检测PTP-1B基因第7内含子序列存在G/A突变的多态性,并进行方差分析。结果表明,大白和长白猪种为单一的A等位基因,而梅山猪种以杂合子GA基因型为主,对213头"大白×梅山"F2代资源家系进行性状关联分析,该位点与猪板油质量、内脂率、胸腰椎间背膘厚等脂肪沉积性状显著相关(P<0.05),且杂合子GA基因型个体的板油质量和内酯率都最低(GA基因型个体相似文献   

PRLR基因多态性与深县猪繁殖性能的关联分析

实验旨在研究催乳素受体（PRLR）基因多态性对深县猪繁殖性能的影响。通过PCR-RFLP技术结合混合池一代测序技术检测基因多态性，并与71头深县猪的繁殖性能进行关联分析，结果显示PRLR基因外显子8有2个突变位点，分别为A394G和A44G位点。A394G位点上存在AA、AG和GG 3种基因型，其中AG基因型个体的初生窝重显著高于GG基因型个体；A44G位点上存在AA、AG和GG3种基因型，其中AG基因型个体的总产仔数显著高于GG基因型个体。各位点皆为错义突变，且均处于Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态（P>0.05）。因此，PRLR基因多态性与深县猪的繁殖性状显著相关，可作为深县猪分子遗传育种的候选基因。     

莱芜猪ACSL4和H-FABP基因的多态性及育种应用

选取了106头莱芜猪核心群及部分后备猪,用PCR-RFLP的方法分别检测了酰基辅酶A合成酶长链4（Acly-CoA synthetase long chain family 4,ACSL4）基因的SNP G2645A位点和心脏型脂肪酸结合蛋白（Heart fatty acid-binding protein,H-FABP）基因的HinfⅠ及MspⅠ位点的多态性。结果显示,在ACSL4的SNP G2645A位点共检测到AG和GG 2种基因型,没有检测到AA基因型;G等位基因是优势等位基因;莱芜猪该位点呈高度多态。在H-FABP的HinfⅠ位点共检测到HH、Hh和hh 3种基因型,莱芜猪在该位点呈中度多态。莱芜猪在上述2个位点均处于Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态。经测序验证,莱芜猪H-FABP基因HinfⅠ位点的多态性是1 324位点T的插入、缺失所造成的。莱芜猪在H-FABP的MspⅠ位点没有多态性。在莱芜猪本品种选育中,可以顺序选择ACSL4G2645A位点GG基因型纯合个体和H-FABP HinfⅠ位点HH基因型纯合个体,提高莱芜猪IMF性状的均一性,将进一步促进莱芜猪种质的保护和利用。     

摩拉水牛二酰甘油酰基转移酶2基因的多态性检测

本研究旨在检测水牛二酰甘油酰基转移酶2（diacylglycerolacylt-ransferase,DGAT2）基因的单核苷酸多态性（SNP）,探究摩拉水牛多态性位点的群体遗传特征。以广西水牛研究所的57头摩拉水牛为材料,PCR扩增DGAT2基因的部分序列（外显子2及内含子2、3）,通过常规测序法检测其SNP,并运用遗传多样性分析软件（POPGENE）和SPSS软件对群体的多态性位点进行基因频率、基因型频率、多态信息含量（PIC）、有效等位基因数（Ne）及遗传杂合度（He）的检测。结果表明,在摩拉水牛DGAT2基因外显子2和内含子2、3上共发现了9个SNPs位点（IVS2.54 G > A、IVS2.158 A > G、EVS2.191 A > G、EVS2.228 A > G、IVS3.311 C > T、IVS3.444 A > G、IVS3.451 A > C、IVS3.466 C > T、IVS3.521 C > T）,其中EVS2.191 A > G位点的突变导致氨基酸由异亮氨酸突变为缬氨酸,突变位点间存在一定程度的连锁遗传但接近连锁平衡状态。从基因频率上看,IVS2.158 A > G、EVS2.191 A > G、IVS3.311 C > T、IVS3.451 A > C、IVS3.466 C > T和IVS3.521 C > T 6个SNPs位点的两个等位基因频率有较大差异,提示等位基因频率较大的基因个体可能更适合生存。9个SNPs位点在摩拉水牛品种上多处于高度多态,杂合度在0.1744~0.4975之间,说明摩拉水牛群体中DGAT2基因遗传多态性丰富,具有较大的育种价值和性状改良潜力。     

猪ROCK2基因多态性及其遗传效应分析

为了探究猪ROCK2基因多态性及其与生产性状的关系,试验采用焦磷酸测序法检测了ROCK2基因编码区145 bp序列中5处潜在的SNP中的3个(A27G、C42T和T61C)在大白猪、长白猪、梅山猪、清平猪4个猪种和大白×梅山F2代资源家系中的基因频率,并进行了遗传变异分析及生产性状关联分析。结果表明:3个SNP的优势等位基因在国外猪种和国内地方猪种间没有差异,分别为A、C和T;A27G位点与皮率和胸腰椎间背膘厚呈显著相关(P0.05),与至第一颈椎背膘厚和至第一肋胸背膘厚呈极显著相关(P0.01);C42T位点与至第一颈椎背膘厚呈显著相关(P0.05),与至第一肋胸背膘厚呈极显著相关(P0.01);T61C位点与皮率、背最长肌和股二头肌大理石纹评分呈显著相关(P0.05),与股二头肌p H值呈极显著相关(P0.01)。说明这3个SNP很可能是影响猪生产性状的分子标记。     

香梅F1代猪PRKAA1基因对肉品质和屠宰性能的影响

为了探究单磷酸腺苷活化蛋白激酶(AMPK)家族PRKAA1基因多态性对香梅F1代猪(从江香猪♂×梅山猪♀)肉品质和屠宰性能的影响,以PRKAA1基因为候选基因,运用PCR扩增结合直接测序法,对香梅F1代猪PRKAA1基因外显子区域SNP位点进行筛选,并分析不同基因型与肉用性状间关联性。结果显示:在试验群体中第7外显子75 bp处存在A/G突变,命名为g.75AG;遗传学分析发现,AG为优势基因型,等位基因A为优势等位基因,g.75AG属于中度多态,处于Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态;关联性分析显示,AG型个体胴体重、棕榈酸指标均显著高于AA、GG型(P0.05),AG和GG型个体瘦肉重显著高于AA基因型(P0.05)。结果表明:PRKAA1基因第7外显子g.75AG位点突变对香梅F1代猪胴体重、瘦肉重及棕榈酸具有一定调控作用。     

猪SRRM3基因多态性与母猪产仔数性状的关联分析

本实验旨在探究猪SRRM3基因单核苷酸多态性（SNP）位点rs326267396与母猪产仔数性状的关系。基于前期GWAS数据筛选出与母猪产仔数性状相关的候选基因SRRM3,本研究选取465头大白猪作为实验对象,通过Sanger测序检测SRRM3基因内SNP位点,并与母猪产仔数性状进行关联分析。SRRM3基因rs326267396位点存在G>T突变,且检测出GG、GT、TT 3种基因型。结果显示GT基因型个体较多,GG基因型和GT基因型个体的总产仔数、产活仔数和健仔数都显著高于TT基因型个体,且总产仔数和产活仔数的加性效应达到显著水平,而健仔数的加性效应与母猪产仔数的显性效应均未达到显著水平。此外,定量结果显示猪SRRM3基因在卵巢、子宫和心脏组织中高表达,其中在子宫组织中表达量最高;采用生物信息学方法预测出与SRRM3基因rs326267396位点不同亚型结合的转录因子发生变化;以及SRRM3基因可能通过与CDC5L蛋白（调节卵母细胞的减数分裂和成熟）结合参与调控母猪的繁殖性能。综上,SRRM3基因rs326267396位点与产仔数性状显著相关,推测SRRM3基因可作为大白猪繁殖...     

F3代波杂山羊VNN1基因多态性及其与产羔数的关联分析

【目的】 研究泛酰巯基乙胺酶-1(panthenoyl mercaptoethamine-1,VNN1)基因多态性与F3代波杂山羊产羔数的关系,从而从分子水平指导F3代波杂山羊的育种工作。【方法】 选取107只F3代波杂山羊,采集血样提取DNA,根据VNN1基因(登录号:NC_030816.1)外显子序列设计7对引物,进行PCR扩增及测序,运用DNAStar软件分析测序结果,对可能存在的单核苷酸多态性(SNP)位点外显子全群进行PCR扩增测序,并进行Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态及遗传多样性分析;应用SPSS 16.0统计学软件对VNN1基因不同基因型与F3代波杂山羊产羔数进行关联分析。【结果】 在VNN1基因在第5和7外显子中共发现7个SNPs位点:g.10956 A→G、g.11010 C→T、g.11103 C→T、g.11284 C→A、g.11313 T→C、g.18094 C→T和g.18158 G→C,且每个位点均存在3种不同基因型。χ²检验显示,g.10956 A→G、g.11010 C→T、g.11103 C→T、g.11313 T→C和g.18094 C→T位点均处于Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态,g.11284 C→A和g.18158 G→C位点均处于Hardy-Weinberg不平衡状态。多态信息含量均为中度多态((0.25<PIC<0.5)。关联分析发现,g.11010 C→T和g.11313 T→C位点与F3代波杂山羊产羔数显著相关,其中g.11010 C→T位点CC基因型产羔数显著低于CT和TT基因型,g.11313 T→C位点TT基因型产羔数显著低于TC和CC基因型(P<0.05);g.10956 A→G、g.11103 C→T和g.18158 G→C位点对F3代波杂山羊产羔数均无显著影响(P>0.05)。【结论】 VNN1基因在第5和7外显子中共发现7个SNPs位点,其中g.11010 C→T和g.11313 T→C位点对F3代波杂山羊产羔数有显著影响,VNN1基因可作为F3代波杂山羊的候选基因。     

High amino acid variation in the intracellular domain of the pig prolactin receptor (PRLR) and its relation to ovulation rate and piglet survival traits

Two polymorphisms of the porcine prolactin receptor (PRLR) gene were previously related to litter size by several authors; however, the magnitude and direction of such effects varied depending on the population analyzed. We have sequenced the complete coding region of the porcine PRLR gene and found 6 nonconservative SNP: C1217T (Leu/Pro406), C1283A (Asp/Ala428), G1439A (Lys/Arg480), T1528A (Met/Leu510), G1600A (Gly/Ser534), and G1789A (Gly/Ser597), within exon 10 of the gene, which encodes the entire intracytoplasmic domain of the protein. Eight haplotypes were found and were segregating at different frequencies in 6 porcine breeds. The effects of each individual SNP and haplotype were evaluated in an Iberian x Meishan F2 population using a univariate mixed-inheritance animal model. Significant effects on the number of corpora lutea were found for PRLR haplotypes (P < 0.012), confirming the previously reported associations of PRLR in this process and highlighting the importance of performing analysis of haplotypes rather than of individual SNP. Suggestive effects or tendencies were found for heart rate at birth (P < 0.10), rectal temperature (P < 0.05), and oxygen saturation (P < 0.10) 1 h after birth, and time to first suckle (P < 0.10). We found greater than expected levels of amino acid variability within the intracellular domain of the porcine PRLR, which have been associated with differences in the number of corpus lutea of sows and the preweaning survivability of piglets.     

Detection of single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with ultrasonic backfat depth in a segregating Meishan x White Composite population

Multiple genomic scans have identified QTL for backfat deposition across the porcine genome. The objective of this study was to detect SNP and genomic regions associated with ultrasonic backfat. A total of 74 SNP across 5 chromosomes (SSC 1, 3, 7, 8, and 10) were selected based on their proximity to backfat QTL or to QTL for other traits of interest in the experimental population. Gilts were also genotyped for a SNP thought to influence backfat in the thyroxine-binding globulin gene (TBG) on SSC X. Genotypic data were collected on 298 gilts, divided between the F8 and F10 generations of the US Meat Animal Research Center Meishan resource population (composition, one-quarter Meishan). Backfat depths were recorded by ultrasound from 3 locations along the back at approximately 210 and 235 d of age in the F8 and F10 generations, respectively. Ultrasound measures were averaged for association analyses. Regressors for additive, dominant, and parent-of-origin effects of each SNP were calculated using genotypic probabilities computed by allelic peeling algorithms in GenoProb. The association model included the fixed effects of scan date and TBG genotype, the covariates of weight and SNP regressors, and random additive polygenic effects to account for genetic similarities between animals not explained by known genotypes. Variance components for polygenic effects and error were estimated using MTDFREML. Initially, each SNP was fitted (once with and once without parent-of-origin effects) separately due to potential multi-collinearity between regressions of closely linked markers. To form a final model, all significant SNP across chromosomes were included in a common model and were individually removed in successive iterations based on their significance. Across all analyses, TBG was significant, with an additive effect of approximately 1.2 to 1.6 mm of backfat. Three SNP on SSC3 remained in the final model even though few studies have identified QTL for backfat on this chromosome. Two of these SNP exhibited irregular parent-of-origin effects and may not have been detected in other genome scans. One significant SNP on SSC7 remained in the final, backward-selected model; the estimated effect of this marker was similar in magnitude and direction to previously identified QTL. This SNP can potentially be used to introgress the leaner Meishan allele into commercial swine populations.     

红眼白水貂FSHβ和NCOA1基因多态性及其与繁殖性状的相关分析

本研究旨在检测红眼白水貂促卵泡激素β（follicle-stimulating hormone beta subunit,FSHβ）和核受体辅激活蛋白1（nuclear receptor coactivator 1,NCOA1）基因多态性与繁殖性状的关系。采用单链构象多态性（SSCP）和DNA测序相结合的方法检测了红眼白水貂215个个体的单核苷酸多态性,针对红眼白水貂群体的特点建立合适的统计分析模型,利用SAS 9.4统计软件对候选基因进行多态性分析,并采用最小二乘法分析了总产仔数和产活仔数的遗传效应。结果表明,在红眼白水貂FSHβ基因上存在2个多态位点,分别为内含子1处的g.1228G > A突变和外显子2处的g.1866T > C突变;在NCOA1基因上存在1个多态位点,为第6外显子处g.151536T > C突变。在红眼白水貂群体中,FSHβ基因的优势基因为B等位基因,NCOA1基因的优势基因为A等位基因;FSHβ基因g.1228G > A位点的AA和AB基因型个体在总产仔数、产活仔数上均极显著高于BB基因型（P < 0.01）,g.1866T > C位点在总产仔数和产活仔数上呈现BB > AB > AA的趋势;NCOA1基因的AB基因型个体的总产仔数和产活仔数均极显著高于AA基因型（P < 0.01）;g.151536T > C与g.1228G > A的合并基因型对繁殖性状有显著影响（P < 0.05）。因此,可以利用以上突变位点对红眼白水貂的繁殖性状进行标记辅助选择研究。     

猪表皮生长因子基因的遗传变异及其与产仔性状的相关性分析

本研究通过建立两次PCR扩增分型法,分析猪表皮生长因子(epidermal growth factor,EGF)基因第3内含子上的875bp插入片段在13个中外不同繁殖性能的猪种中的遗传变异,以及EGF基因在白色杜洛克×二花脸资源家系180头F2母猪中与繁殖性状的相关性。结果表明,不同类型中国地方猪种与西方商业猪种在EGF基因位点上存在偏态分布。在资源家系中该位点对总产仔数、产活仔数和断奶活仔数无显著影响(P0.05);尽管BB基因型的产活仔数和断奶活仔数分别比AA型多1.74和0.46头,但BB型的个体太少,各基因型间的均值差异不显著(P0.05);虽然产活仔数的a值和d值分别达到0.87和1.24头,但该基因位点的加性效应和显性效应并不明显。因此,需要利用更多的SNP位点和更多样本进一步了解EGF基因与繁殖性状的关联性。     

Detection of novel single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the CYP21 gene and association analysis of two SNPs for CYP21 and ESR2 with litter size in a commercial sow population

Altogether 129 F₁ sows from a commercial sow farm with at least four litters were genotyped for the oestrogen receptor 2 gene (ESR2) and cytochrome P450 hydroxylase 21 gene (CYP21) and investigated for associations on the litter‐size parameters: total number born and number born alive. Five novel polymorphisms were found in the 3′‐untranslated region for the CYP21 gene. Genotype and allele frequencies for the CYP21 (position 3462G > A) single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) were 0.434 (GG), 0.504 (AG), 0.062 (AA) and 0.69 (G):0.31 (A), respectively. No association was found between this polymorphism and litter‐size parameters. For the ESR2 gene, the SNP in exon 5 associated with an amino acid substitution MET (allele A) > VAL (allele G) was investigated. Only two genotypes were found leading to allele frequencies of 0.34 (A):0.66 (G). Only number born alive piglets were significantly increased for the AG genotype (p = 0.034) with 11.64 piglets per sow and litter in comparison with the GG genotype, leading to only 10.96 piglets per sow and litter. From these data, it can be concluded that the investigated SNP of the ESR2 gene is associated with the number of liveborn piglets in the commercial population considered, and hence could be useful in selection for litter size. Therefore, this gene should be investigated in additional populations.     

Quantitative trait loci analysis for growth and carcass traits in a Meishan x Duroc F2 resource population

We constructed a pig F2 resource population by crossing a Meishan sow and a Duroc boar to locate economically important trait loci. The F2 generation was composed of 865 animals (450 males and 415 females) from four F1 males and 24 F1 females and was genotyped for 180 informative microsatellite markers spanning 2,263.6 cM of the whole pig genome. Results of the genome scan showed evidence for significant quantitative trait loci (<1% genomewise error rate) affecting weight at 30 d and average daily gain on Sus scrofa chromosome (SSC) 6, carcass yield on SSC 7, backfat thickness on SSC 7 and SSC X, vertebra number on SSC 1 and SSC 7, loin muscle area on SSC 1 and SSC 7, moisture on SSC 13, intramuscular fat content on SSC 7, and testicular weight on SSC 3 and SSC X. Moreover, 5% genomewise significant QTL were found for birth weight on SSC 7, average daily gain on SSC 4, carcass length on SSC 6, SSC 7, and SSC X and lightness (L value) on SSC 3. We identified 38 QTL for 28 traits at the 5% genomewise level. Of the 38 QTL, 24 QTL for 17 traits were significant at the 1% genomewise level. Analysis of marker genotypes supported the breed of origin results and provided further evidence that a suggestive QTL for circumference of cannon bone also was segregating within the Meishan parent. We identified genomic regions related with growth and meat quality traits. Fine mapping will be required for their application in introgression programs and gene cloning.     

A genome‐wide SNP scan in a porcine Large White × Minzhu intercross population reveals a locus influencing muscle mass on chromosome 2

A high‐density single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array containing 62 163 markers was employed for a genome‐wide association study (GWAS) to identify variants associated with lean meat in ham (LMH, %) and lean meat percentage (LMP, %) within a porcine Large White × Minzhu intercross population. For each individual, LMH and LMP were measured after slaughter at the age of 240 ± 7 days. A total of 557 F2 animals were genotyped. The GWAS revealed that 21 SNPs showed significant genome‐wide or chromosome‐wide associations with LMH and LMP by the Genome‐wide Rapid Association using Mixed Model and Regression‐Genomic Control approach. Nineteen significant genome‐wide SNPs were mapped to the distal end of Sus Scrofa Chromosome (SSC) 2, where a major known gene responsible for muscle mass, IGF2 is located. A conditioned analysis, in which the genotype of the strongest associated SNP is included as a fixed effect in the model, showed that those significant SNPs on SSC2 were derived from a single quantitative trait locus. The two chromosome‐wide association SNPs on SSC1 disappeared after conditioned analysis suggested the association signal is a false association derived from using a F2 population. The present result is expected to lead to novel insights into muscle mass in different pig breeds and lays a preliminary foundation for follow‐up studies for identification of causal mutations for subsequent application in marker‐assisted selection programs for improving muscle mass in pigs.