宁强矮马

<正>1988年4月至6月间,我们在陕西省宁强县的广坪、阳平关两区的8个乡发现了体高在106cm以下矮马多匹,并命名为宁强矮马(NINGJIANG PONY),分布在嘉陵江以西北的秦岭南坡区,分布中心是巨亭、太阳岭、燕子砭、安乐河、八海等乡。该地区属暖温带山地湿润季风气候,海拔在1700m左右,地形地貌复杂,地势高低悬殊,气候复杂多变,立体水平阴阳坡向明显。这是继广西德保、四川安宁、贵州矮马之后,为我国马种资源开拓了又一新的源流,把我国矮马的分布区域向北推移了近千公里,具有很高的学术价值。 现就宁强矮马的初步考察情况报告如下: (一)宁强矮马的体质外貌特点 ①毛色与特征:宁强矮马以骝毛居多、其次是兔褐、黑色、栗色、白色,而以沙毛为少。宁强矮马鼻白、距白特征很少,侧面推测,该地区较为封闭。     

西南矮马肌肉生长抑制素基因启动子区PCR-RFLP 多态性检测

利用PCR-RFLP技术对贵州矮马、德保矮马和宁强矮马3个品种的45个个体的肌肉生长抑制素(myostatin, MSTN)基因的启动子区进行多态性分析。结果表明,大小为204 bp的扩增片段经限制性内切酶SspⅠ酶切后,不同基因型经过测序发现156T→C突变,产生AA和AB两种基因型,没有发现BB基因型。贵州矮马和宁强矮马中AB基因型频率大于AA基因型,德保矮马中AA基因型占优势,在3种矮马品种A等位基因频率均大于B等位基因。卡方检测结果发现,贵州和德保矮马在该酶切位点处于平衡状态(P＞0.05),而宁强矮马在该位点分布差异显著(P＜0.05)。     

中国5个矮马品种的瓶颈效应分析

利用13个微卫星基因座对中国5个矮马品种(德保、贵州、宁强、四川、云南)群体进行了遗传平衡检测。根据微卫星等位基因频率,应用无限等位基因模型(infinite allele model,IAM)、双相突变模型(two-phased model of mutation,TPM)和逐步突变模型(step-wise mutation model,SMM)3种模型,符号和Wilcoxon 符号—秩2种检验方法,对5个矮马群体的突变－漂移平衡进行分析。结果表明,在IAM下,Wilcoxon 符号－秩检验中,德保矮马和云南矮马达到了显著性水平(P<0.05);在SMM下,宁强矮马在符号检验中达到了显著水平(P<0.05);在TPM下,5个群体均未达到显著水平(P>0.05)。因此,德保、云南和宁强矮马近期可能经历了瓶颈效应。本研究结果对中国矮马的保护和利用具有重大意义。     

利用微卫星标记对宁强矮马和蒙古马遗传多样性的研究

通过8个微卫星位点的多态性检测对宁强矮马和蒙古马共83个个体进行了遗传多样性分析。计算各微卫星位点的等位基因频率、有效等位基因数(Ne)、多态信息含量(PIC)、杂合度(H)和F统计量。结果表明:8个微卫星座位中HMS2变异最大,HTG6变异最小;蒙古马的Ne、PIC、H的平均值均高于宁强马;总群体的平均遗传分化系数Fst为0.017(P<0.01),群体内近交系数Fis为0.171(P<0.01)。说明蒙古马和宁强矮马虽外形和性能上有很大差异,但在品种形成和进化上有着较近的遗传关系。     

中国珍稀动物矮马在宁强县繁衍生息

中国珍稀动物矮马在宁强县繁衍生息王鉴德中共陕西省宁强县委宣传部（７２４４００）矮马体高１米以下，属世界稀有品种。１９８０年，畜种资源普查时，在陕西宁强县嘉陵江以北的１１个乡发现矮马约２８０匹。在省、地有关方面的大力支持下，宁强县建起了“宁强矮马基地”...     

宁强马遗传资源保护与开发利用

宁强马属西南马种.2006年,宁强马被列入国家级地方品种保护名录.其种质优良,在国内享有盛誉.自20世纪80年代以来,由于种种原因,传统养马业的逐渐衰落,宁强马数量和质量不断下降,品种资源已经到了濒临灭绝的边缘.现本文就宁强马的遗传资源保护与利用作一探讨.     

陕西马种血液蛋白遗传标记特征及聚类分析

利用血液蛋白多态性标记陕西各马种遗传结构，证实了它们相互间的遗传差异，Ｔｆ位点，宁强矮马和中型马具有其它马种没有的Ｅ基因；Ｅｓ位点，山地型关中马有其它马种所没有的Ｄ基因，同时该位点６－８条带型者多达１５．２％，舍饲型关中马Ｐｒ位点缺Ａ基因，Ｐａ位点缺Ｄ基因。     

德保矮马与美国珍珠马精液质量对比分析

对德保矮马和美国珍珠矮马进行人工采精,对两品种矮马的精液进行常规检测,结果表明,两品种矮马的精液量差别不显著;长时间未采精的马,首次采精的精子活力指标低;美国珍珠马的精液质量比德保矮马的精液质量稍高。     

贵州某矮马场马链球菌病的诊治

正马链球菌病是由C群马链球菌兽疫亚种引起的一种败血性传染病,其特征是全身性出血性败血症及浆液性肺炎与纤维素性胸膜肺炎。绵羊为本病的最易感动物,山羊次之,但马发病报道较少。2015年12月中旬,贵州省某矮马场的矮马发生两例疑似马链球菌、支原体与马流感病毒感染,其中1匹突然倒地死     

德保矮马饲养管理技术及其在主产区保种推广应用效果

德保矮马是一种世界稀有的、中国微型马的代表品种,与英国的雪特兰矮马并称为世界两大矮马源流。由于多年来在德保矮马主产区,农户都是以传统方式进行饲养管理,条件差,技术落后不规范,对德保矮马的资源保护与发展极为不利。2006年主产区的德保矮马群体数量不足1 000匹,保种选育工作任重道远。笔者在近几年来结合实施《德保矮马种质资源保护技术研究项目》中,总结出德保矮马饲养管理技术并在主产区推广应用,取得良好效果。2011年末,主产区德保矮马群体规模达2 056匹,建立了德保矮马核心群,培育出后代成年体高75cm~80cm的德保矮马2匹,81cm~90cm的有26匹,群体质量得到进一步优化,为德保矮马种质资源保护、种群发展和地方旅游特色产业开发打下了坚实基础。本文对德保矮马的主要特性、饲养管理技术要点、推广主要措施和效果进行阐述。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

獭兔睾丸的组织学观察

家兔作为一种实验动物 ,推动了繁殖技术的发展。本试验通过对不同年龄公獭兔的睾丸进行组织学观察、测定 ,研究精子的发生规律 ,为系统地进行繁殖生理工作提供依据。1　材料与方法选 60日龄、75日龄、90日龄 3个年龄公獭兔各5只 ,用外科手术法摘取两侧睾丸 ,放入 Bouin氏液中固定 ,二甲苯透明 ,石蜡包埋 ,切成 5～ 8μm切片 ,H.E.染色。在显微镜下观察 ,并进行定量组织学指标测定及差异性比较。2　结果和讨论2 .1　睾丸定量组织学指标的测定结果　见表 1。表 1　獭兔睾丸定量组织学指标　　　μm,个 /精细管60日龄 75日龄 90日龄曲细精管…     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Observations of fracture of the anconeal process of the ulna of swine

Fractures of the anconeal process of 5 pigs ranging in age from 4 to 8 months were studied radiographically and histologically. Clinically, animals with a fracture of the anconeal process had a "tight," restricted gait. In pigs at 4.5 months of age, a radiolucent line through the base of the anconeal process was composed of fibrocartilage, fibrous connective tissue, and hyaline cartilage. Subperiosteal proliferation of woven bone was located along the cranial surface of the olecranon, adjacent to the base of the anconeal process. In older animals, the radiolucent line through the anconeal process contained variable amounts of fibrous connective tissue and fibrocartilage. The proliferation of subperiosteal bone at the base of the anconeal process formed a "buttress callus" which retained a radiolucent area between the callus and the proximal surface of the anconeal process. The latter region of radiolucency was continuous with the transversely oriented line that traversed the base of the anconeal process.     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.