甜菊糖甙在断奶仔猪中的应用研究

试验选用216头21 d杜长大断奶仔猪,随机分为4组,每组3个重复,饲喂基础日粮和添加0、70、100 g/t和200 g/t甜菊糖甙的日粮,研究其对仔猪生产性能、饲料消化率和健康状况的影响。试验期为30 d。结果表明:(1)日粮中添加甜菊糖甙可显著提高断奶仔猪的日采食量、日增重和偏嗜指数(P<0.05),而各添加水平间差异不显著(P>0.05)。(2)100 g/t甜菊糖甙组仔猪腹泻指数较对照组和70 g/t组显著降低(P<0.05)。(3)100 g/t和200 g/t组能量、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、钙和磷表观利用率较对照组有升高的趋势,但差异不显著(P>0.05)。综合考虑到生产成本,本试验条件下甜菊糖甙在断奶仔猪日粮中的适宜添加量为100 g/t。     

饲料用脂肪酶对哺乳母猪的繁殖性能及仔猪生产性能的影响

试验选择健康、体况良好、经产3～8胎次母猪30头,根据膘情进行随机分组。分为试验1组、试验2组、试验3组共3个处理组,每个处理5个重复,每个重复2头。试验1组为对照组,饲喂基础日粮;试验2组饲喂基础日粮+200g/t脂肪酶;试验3组饲喂基础日粮+300g/t脂肪酶。试验周期66d,全程采用盲测,研究哺乳母猪饲料中添加脂肪酶对仔猪断奶重、仔猪14d～21d增重、母猪采食量、母猪返情间隔的影响。结果表明:①在哺乳母猪料中添加不同浓度脂肪酶均可提高仔猪断奶重,差异显著(P<0.05);②可提高仔猪出生后14d～21d阶段增重,差异极显著(P<0.01);③对整个试验阶段母猪采食量无显著影响(P>0.05),300g/t组有提高采食量趋势;④可显著缩短母猪返情间隔(P<0.05)。结论:在哺乳母猪饲料中添加300g/t脂肪酶对母猪和仔猪各指标影响显著,经济效益良好。     

肌醇对断奶仔猪生长性能和养分消化率的影响

文章旨在研究肌醇对断奶仔猪生长性能和养分消化率的影响。试验采用随机区组设计,选择21日龄健康杜长大三元杂交断奶仔猪250头,平均体重为(6.2±0.11)kg,按体重相近、公母各半的原则,随机分为对照组、200 g/t肌醇组、400 g/t肌醇组、600 g/t肌醇组、1 000 g/t肌醇组。每组5个重复,每个重复10头仔猪。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,200、400、600、1 000 g/t肌醇组分别在基础饲粮中添加肌醇200、400、600、1 000 g/t。试验期28 d。结果表明:1)各处理组间0~14 d、15~28 d和0~28 d的日增重和日采食量差异不显著(P0.05);2)0~14 d对照组和600 g/t肌醇组的料重比显著低于200 g/t、400 g/t和1 000 g/t肌醇组(P0.05);3)15~28 d 400 g/t和1 000 g/t肌醇组的料重比显著低于对照组和200 g/t肌醇组(P0.05);4)0~28 d 400 g/t和1 000 g/t肌醇组的料重比显著低于对照组和200 g/t肌醇组(P0.05);5)与对照组相比,添加400 g/t和1 000 g/t肌醇显著提高了氮的消化率(P0.05)。总之,试验结果表明在该试验条件下,断奶仔猪饲粮中添加400 g/t和1 000 g/t肌醇降低了15~28 d、0~28 d料重比,提高了氮的消化率。     

益生菌和低聚木糖在断奶仔猪上的应用研究

试验采用2×2因子设计,选用21日龄、体重(6.3±0.15)kg、公母各半的健康杜长大杂种断奶仔猪240头,按体重随机分为4组,每组6个重复,每个重复10头仔猪。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,益生菌组饲喂基础饲粮+益生菌500 g/t,低聚木糖组饲喂基础饲粮+低聚木糖200 g/t,低聚木糖+益生菌组饲喂基础饲粮+益生菌500 g/t+低聚木糖200 g/t,试验期共计28 d。结果表明,与对照组相比,低聚木糖组、益生菌组、低聚木糖+益生菌组0~14 d日增重分别提高13.9%(P0.05)、13.0%(P0.05)、26.1%(P0.05),15~28 d日增重分别提高18.3%(P0.05)、12.2%(P0.05)、17.4%(P0.05),全期日增重分别提高16.6%(P0.05)、12.5%(P0.05)、20.5%(P0.05)。第14天饲粮干物质、氮和总能表观消化率显著提高。血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶、总蛋白、白蛋白、碱性磷酸酶、葡萄糖、甘油三酯和总胆固醇各组间差异不显著(P0.05);十二指肠、空肠和回肠的绒毛高度、隐窝深度、绒毛高度∶隐窝深度各组间也无显著差异(P0.05)。试验结果说明,饲粮中单独添加益生菌500 g/t或低聚木糖200 g/t可改善断奶仔猪的生长性能和营养成分表观消化率;同时添加益生菌500 g/t和低聚木糖200 g/t无显著的协同效应。     

葡萄糖氧化酶在改善母猪二胎综合征中的作用

为研究饲粮中添加葡萄糖氧化酶(GOD)对二胎母猪综合征的影响,试验选择36头体重、P2背膘厚相近的健康二胎妊娠后期母猪,完全随机分为2组,每组6个重复,每个重复3头猪。其中Ⅰ组为对照组,饲喂基础妊娠和哺乳饲料;Ⅱ组为试验组,饲喂在基础饲粮中添加2 g/kg GOD的饲粮。试验预试期5 d,正式试验从预产期前28 d开始至仔猪28 d断奶时结束,共56 d。结果表明:Ⅱ组妊娠后期日采食量、哺乳7 d日采食量和哺乳期平均日采食量均显著高于Ⅰ组,Ⅱ组的哺乳28 d日采食量比Ⅰ组高6.26%(P0.05);Ⅱ组的母猪产仔数和仔猪28日龄断奶个体重均显著高于Ⅰ组(P0.05),Ⅱ组的仔猪初生个体重比Ⅰ组高6.12%;Ⅱ组的分娩时背膘厚、断奶时背膘厚均显著高于Ⅰ组(P0.05),Ⅱ组的背膘损失比Ⅰ组高1.45%(P0.05)。综上所述,饲粮中添加2 g/kg GOD能够有效改善母猪二胎综合征。     

添加色氨酸、诱食剂对断奶仔猪生产性能和腹泻的影响

试验研究添加色氨酸和诱食剂对早期断奶仔猪生产性能和腹泻的影响。选择(23±1)日龄断奶的初始体重为(6.0±0.5)kg的48头PIC仔猪,随机分为4组(1个对照组、3个试验组)。对照组饲喂对照饲粮,试验1￣3组分别饲喂添加0.05%的色氨酸饲粮、添加0.02%的香味剂饲粮和添加0.02%的甜味剂饲粮,试验期为28d。结果表明:①在整个试验期内,与对照组相比,添加甜味剂显著提高仔猪的日采食量和日增重(P<0.05),显著降低仔猪的料肉比(P<0.05),使腹泻指数降低74.07%。②与对照组相比,添加色氨酸显著提高仔猪的日采食量和日增重(P<0.05);有降低料肉比的趋势(P>0.05),未降低腹泻指数。③与对照组相比,添加香味剂使采食量、日增重显著降低(P<0.05),料肉比显著增加(P<0.05),腹泻指数降低5.56%。④添加甜味剂与添加色氨酸在提高断奶仔猪采食量上差异不显著(P>0.05),但是添加甜味剂组仔猪的日增重显著高于添加色氨酸组的仔猪(P<0.05),并且前者的料肉比显著低于后者(P<0.05)。添加甜味剂组仔猪的腹泻指数比添加色氨酸组仔猪低75.0%。     

核苷酸富集酵母提取物对感染产肠毒素大肠杆菌断奶仔猪生长和健康的影响

文章旨在研究核苷酸富集酵母提取物对断奶仔猪生长性能和大肠杆菌病的影响。试验1选择(18±2)d断奶仔猪168头,随机分为4组,每组6个重复,每个重复7头猪,分别饲喂基础日粮,基础日粮+45 mg/kg金霉素,基础日粮+1或2 g/kg酵母提取物,试验共进行28 d。结果显示,各组对仔猪日增重、日采食量和料重比均无显著影响(P 0.05),但1 g/kg酵母提取物组较对照组显著提高了仔猪断奶后28 d的体重(P 0.05)。日粮添加2 g/kg酵母提取物较对照组显著提高了断奶后7～14 d仔猪的采食量(P 0.05)。试验2选择断奶仔猪144头,随机分为4组,每组6个重复,每个重复6头组,各组日粮与试验1相同,但对照组仔猪不进行大肠杆菌攻毒,其他组均在断奶后3 d进行攻毒。结果显示,攻毒后第3～28天,与攻毒组相比,1或2 g/kg酵母提取物组日增重显著提高(P 0.05),腹泻率显著降低(P 0.05)。攻毒组和攻毒组+2 g/kg酵母提取物较对照组(未攻毒)有提高仔猪死亡率的趋势(P=0.06)。综上所述,饲粮中添加核苷酸富集酵母提取物可提高断奶仔猪的生长性能,并对大肠杆菌病及相关腹泻的发生具有改善作用。     

包被丁酸钠对断奶仔猪生长性能、血清生化指标、养分表观消化率和粪便微生物菌群的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加包被丁酸钠对断奶仔猪生长性能、血清生化指标、养分表观消化率和粪便微生物菌群的影响。选取128头体重为(6.37±0.11) kg的28日龄健康大白断奶仔猪,随机分为4组,每组4个重复,每个重复8头仔猪。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组分别在基础饲粮中添加500、1 000、1 500 g/t包被丁酸钠。试验期28 d。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,饲粮中添加1 000和1 500 g/t包被丁酸钠显著提高断奶仔猪末重和1～28 d平均日增重(P<0.05),并显著降低1～14 d和1～28 d断奶仔猪料重比(P <0.05)。2)与对照组相比,饲粮中添加1 000、1 500 g/t包被丁酸钠显著提高断奶仔猪血清中总蛋白(TP)、葡萄糖(GLU)、免疫球蛋白A(IgA)、免疫球蛋白G(IgG)的含量(P<0.05),显著降低血清中尿素氮(UN)的含量(P<0.05)。3)与对照组相比,饲粮中添加1 000、1 500 g/t包被丁酸钠可显著提高断奶仔猪粗蛋白质(CP)、粗脂肪(EE)表观消化率(P<0.05)。4)与对照组相比,饲粮中添加1 000、1 500 g/t包被丁酸钠显著降低断奶仔猪粪便中大肠杆菌数量(P<0.05),显著提高乳酸杆菌数量(P<0.05)。综上所述,饲粮中添加包被丁酸钠可促进断奶仔猪的生长,提高断奶仔猪的免疫力,提高养分表观消化率,改善肠道菌群平衡状态。在本试验条件下,断奶仔猪饲粮中包被丁酸钠的最适添加量为1 000 g/t。     

中药微生态制剂对保育仔猪生长性能的影响

试验旨在研究中药微生态制剂对保育仔猪生长性能的影响。试验选用断奶后2周龄军牧1号白猪保育仔猪100头,随机分为4组,3个试验组和1个对照组。试验预试期7 d,正试期28 d。3个试验组分别饲喂在对照组日粮的基础上添加300、500、800 g/t中药微生态制剂。试验结果表明:日粮中添加800 g/t中药微生态制剂的试验三组平均日增重极显著高于添加量为300 g/t试验一组和对照组(P0.01),显著高于添加500 g/t的试验二组(0.01P0.05),其余各组之间差异均不显著(P0.05);试验三组的平均料肉比低于对照组和其它两个试验组;3个试验组的平均日采食量均高于对照组。试验证实在日粮中添加800 g/t中药微生态制剂能够提高保育仔猪的日增重。     

山花黄芩提取物对妊娠母猪繁殖性能及哺乳仔猪生长性能的影响

为了研究山花黄芩提取物对妊娠母猪繁殖性能及哺乳仔猪生长性能的影响,试验将320头长白×大白二元杂交母猪随机分为两组,每组80个重复,每个重复2头,对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组在基础日粮中添加山花黄芩提取物,其中妊娠期添加150 g/t,哺乳期添加500 g/t,试验期为136 d(其中妊娠期115 d,哺乳期21 d),测定母猪繁殖性能指标(窝均产仔数、窝均健仔数、初生窝重、初生均重、窝均死胎数、窝均木乃伊数、窝均产无效仔数)、哺乳仔猪生长性能指标(窝均断奶仔猪数、窝均断奶成活率、21日龄断奶窝重、21日龄断奶仔猪均重、哺乳期窝均增重)、母猪采食量指标(母猪平均采食量、21日均采食量)、体况指标(母猪分娩背膘厚、母猪断奶背膘厚、背膘损失)、发情指标(断配间隔、断奶7 d发情率)。结果表明：与对照组相比,试验组窝均健仔数显著增加(P<0.05),初生窝重极显著增加(P<0.01),窝均死胎数显著减少(P<0.05);窝均断奶仔猪数极显著增加(P<0.01);母猪平均采食量、21日均采食量、母猪断奶背膘厚均极显著增加(P<0.01),母猪背膘损失显著降低(P&l...     

白术、微米白术和白术多糖对断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道形态及微生态区系的影响

试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。     

Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia

Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.     

Y‐chromosomal variation of local goat breeds of Turkey close to the domestication centre

Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.     

A brief history of the prevention of infectious diseases by immunisations

Infectious diseases have always been a terrible scourge for humans. The appearance of these plagues, as they were called without distinction, was generally connected to various conditions: asters, climatic changes or religious reasons. The concept of contagious, and then infectious, diseases came slowly. Variolation, i.e. transmission of ‘virulent’ matter to induce a natural disease and the immunity against it, was brought from Constantinople to England by Lady Montague, in 1721. This ‘variolation’ technique was also often performed in veterinary medicine against diseases like sheep-pox or pleuropneumonia. As ‘vaccination’ is the term generally accepted for ‘immunisation’, variolation can be the word designating such a technique. The second period of the history of immunisation began, in 1880, with the studies of Pasteur and his collaborators. A great number of bacterial vaccines were developed: dead, live but attenuated or only parts of pathogens. The viruses were produced in animals, then in eggs and at last, in tissue cultures. Second generation vaccines appeared with genetic engineering: recombinant vaccines, vector vaccines, nucleic acids vaccines, and markers vaccines, among others. These novel technologies can permit the development of new ones and improve the quality of the vaccines already existing.     

Micronutrient Content of Certain Tropical Conventional and Unconventional Feed Resources of Southern India

The ash, silica and certain important micronutrients were estimated in conventional and unconventional feed and fodder resources available in Southern India. Commonly used dry roughages, such as paddy straw, ragi straw, maize kadbi/stalk, jowar kadbi/stalk, bajra stalk and wheat straw, were high in ash (9.9% +/- 0.77%) and silica (6.4% +/- 0.65%) and low in most of the other micronutrients, except iron, with paddy straw containing most silica (>9%). Cultivated non-leguminous (maize, jowar) and improved green crops (hybrid napier, guinea, green panic, NB-21, CO-1) were also high in ash (10.5% +/- 0.60% and 12.5% +/- 0.51%) but were moderate sources of P, Mg and Cu and good sources of Zn (98 +/- 13.8 ppm and 55 +/- 6.7 ppm). Leguminous green fodders (stylosanthus, lucerne, cow pea, soyabean) were excellent sources of Ca (1.9% +/- 0.16%), Mg (0.40% +/- 0.05%), Cu (30 +/- 5.2 ppm), Zn (121 +/- 14.7 ppm) and Fe (1234 +/- 166 ppm) and moderate sources of P. Mixed local grasses and weeds were high in silica (6.9% +/- 1.00%) but were good sources of Cu, Zn and Fe. Cereal grains (maize, wheat, rice, ragi) were low in ash (2.9% +/- 0.33%) and were relatively poor sources of Ca (0.22% +/- 0.03%), Mg (0.19% +/- 0.03%) and Cu (13 +/- 3.1 ppm). Pulses were low to medium sources of most minerals and good sources of Fe (1230 +/- 293 ppm). Oil seed cake/extractions (groundnut cake, cotton seed cake, soyabean meal, sunflower cake, safflower cake) and cereal by-products (rice polish, rice bran, wheat bran) were excellent sources of P (1.1% +/- 0.47% and 2.3% +/- 0.19%) and good sources of Zn (65 +/- 3.9 ppm and 66 +/- 10.7 ppm) and Fe (938 +/- 130 ppm and 662 +/- 126 ppm). Among the unconventional feeds screened, orange peel, sunflower heads, meat meal, rubber seed cake, spirulina algae and sea weeds contained plentiful Ca, Zn and Fe: tree leaves/top feeds (mulberry, erythrina, glyricidia, banana, subabul, groundnut haulms) were excellent sources of Ca (1.5% +/- 0.13%), Zn (120 +/- 22.9 ppm) and Fe (1033 +/- 133 ppm) but relatively poor sources of P. Soyabean husk, cocoa seed husk, rubber seed cake and meat meal were moderate to good sources of P (1.0% and 0.33%). The high Zn and Fe values of most feeds/fodders were probably due to soil contamination. This account of the micronutrient content of feed/fodder resources should help in strategic supplementation intended to alleviate local deficiencies.     

Feline intracranial neoplasia: retrospective review of 160 cases (1985-2001)

The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of different tumor types within a large cohort of cats with intracranial neoplasia and to attempt to correlate signalment, tumor size and location, and survival time for each tumor. Medical records of 160 cats with confirmed intracranial neoplasia evaluated between 1985 and 2001 were reviewed. Parameters evaluated included age, sex, breed, FeLV/FIV status, clinical signs, duration of signs, number of tumors, tumor location(s), imaging results, treatment, survival times, and histopathologic diagnosis. Most of the cats were older (11.3 +/- 3.8 years). Primary tumors accounted for 70.6% of cases. Metastasis and direct extension of secondary tumors accounted for only 5.6 and 3.8% of cases, respectively. Twelve cats (7.5%) had 2 or more discrete tumors of the same type, whereas 16 cats (10.0%) had 2 different types of intracranial tumors. The most common tumor types were meningioma (n = 93, 58.1%), lymphoma (n = 23, 14.4%), pituitary tumors (n = 14, 8.8%), and gliomas (n = 12, 7.5%). The most common neurological signs were altered consciousness (n = 42, 26.2%), circling (n = 36, 22.5%), and seizures (n = 36, 22.5%). Cats without specific neurological signs were common (n = 34, 21.2%). The tumor was considered an incidental finding in 30 (18.8%) cats. In addition to expected relationships (eg, meninges and meningioma, pituitary and pituitary tumors), we found that lesion location was predictive of tumor type with diffuse cerebral or brainstem involvement predictive of lymphoma and third ventricle involvement predictive of meningioma.     

Bovine Mastitis in Selected Areas of Southern Ethiopia

A study on bovine mastitis, designed to determine the causal agents, prevalence of infection and impact of risk factors in three cattle breeds, was conducted in selected areas of southern Ethiopia. A total of 307 lactating and non-lactating cows, of which 162 were indigenous Zebu, 85 Jersey and 60 Holstein-Friesian, were examined by clinical examination and the California mastitis (CMT) test. Of these, 40.4% were positive by CMT and bacteriology for clinical or subclinical mastitis, with prevalence rates of 37.1% and 62.9%, respectively. Out of 1133 quarters examined, 212 (18.7%) were found to be infected, 83 (39.2%) clinically and 129 (60.8%) subclinically. The prevalence of mastitis was significantly higher in Holstein-Friesian than in indigenous Zebu, in non-lactating cows than in lactating cows, in the early lactation stage than in the mid-lactation stage, in cows with lesions and/or tick infestation on skin of udder and/or teats than in cows without this factor, and in the wet season than in the dry season. Mastitis increased with parity number (R = 0.9). Of 248 CMT and clinically positive udder quarter samples analysed microbiologically, 212 were culturally positive for known mastitis pathogens and 36 were negative. Of the 199 positive samples, Staphylococcus accounted for 39.2%, Streptococcus for 23.6%, coliforms for 14.1%, Micrococcus and Bacillus species for 8.0% each and Actinomyces or Arcanobacterium (Corynebacterium) for 7.0%. It was concluded that there was a high prevalence of clinical and subclinical mastitis, mainly caused by Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae and Escherichia coli, in this study area.     

不同日粮氮水平对山羊氮代谢和微生物蛋白质合成的影响

本试验旨在探讨不同日粮氮水平对内蒙古白绒山羊氮代谢和微生物蛋白质合成(MCP)的影响,以达到提高氮利用率,减少环境污染和饲料资源的浪费。试验选用9只体况良好、体重为(43.83±2.95)kg,装有瘤胃瘘管的内蒙古白绒山羊,按体重随机分为3组,每组3只。日粮分为低氮7.5%、中氮10.5%、高氮13.5%3个氮水平。试验使用常规试验方法分析测定粪尿血液等生化指标,通过全收尿法和尿嘌呤衍生物法估测MCP。结果表明:随着氮水平增加,氨氮(NH3-N)浓度、氮摄入量、尿氮排出、尿中尿素氮(UUN)和MCP显著增加(P0.05),干物质采食量(DMI)显著降低(P0.01);沉积氮占总摄入氮的比例在中氮组最高,MCP在高氮组最高。综上所述,适当降低日粮氮水平可减少粪尿氮排放,提高反刍动物氮利用率。     

Microsporidial keratopathy in two dogs

A microsporidial keratopathy is described in two dogs. Both dogs presented with a unilateral stromal keratopathy characterized by multifocal coalescing opacities, and the diagnosis was made on histopathologic examination of keratectomy specimens. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) on formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded corneal tissue was performed in one dog, and the morphologic features were consistent with Nosema species infection. Both dogs were initially diagnosed and treated by superficial keratectomy. One dog received additional antifungal medication and underwent a penetrating keratoplasty following local recurrence two years later. No other systemic lesions attributable to the microsporidial infection were identified clinically. The clinical and diagnostic pathology findings, treatment, and follow‐up are discussed.