粗糙型布鲁菌M111菌壳的制备

将含有裂解酶基因重组温控裂解质粒pBBR1MCS∷PR-PL-E电转化至粗糙型布鲁菌M111中,构建重组布鲁菌M111(pBBR1MCS∷PR-PL-E)。重组菌株在28℃培养,42℃诱导表达裂解酶E,从而制备布鲁菌菌壳。绘制布鲁菌生长曲线及裂解曲线,计算裂解率并用透射电镜观察布鲁菌菌壳的形态。结果显示,成功制备了布鲁菌菌壳,温控裂解质粒pBBR1MCS∷PR-PL-E对布鲁菌的裂解率为100%。透射电镜观察可见细菌内容物部分流出,细菌表面出现不同程度的皱缩,细胞形态发生变化。结果表明,本试验成功制备了粗糙型布鲁菌菌壳,初步研究了其基本特性,为下一步开展布鲁菌菌壳疫苗的研究奠定了基础。     

布鲁菌分子标记菌壳株的构建与鉴定

旨在构建一种安全、高效的犬布鲁菌分子标记疫苗株。本试验将温控裂解部件(TLC)插入布鲁菌自杀质粒pBK-CMV-SacB-ΔB0419中,构建温控裂解型自杀质粒pBK-CMV-SacB-ΔB0419-TLC;通过电转化方式转入犬布鲁菌RM6/66感受态中,经卡那抗性和蔗糖培养基的正、负向筛选,将TLC片段定点插入布鲁菌B0419基因中,获得犬布鲁菌分子标记菌壳株。采用PCR法对连续30代次的菌株进行鉴定,结果显示裂解E基因和靶向插入位点区域(B0419基因)并未出现丢失和回复突变现象,表明该菌壳株具有良好的遗传稳定性。该菌壳株在培养至D_(600)值为0.6时,经42℃诱导60 h后,可获得裂解率达100%的犬布鲁菌菌壳;经超薄切片和染色处理后,在透射电镜观察下可见形态完整的空心结构,其内容物明显减少。本试验结合细菌菌壳技术与同源重组技术,成功构建了具有分子标记特征的犬布鲁菌菌壳株,为新型布鲁菌疫苗的研制提供策略。     

粗糙型布鲁菌M111菌壳的安全性和免疫原性

以粗糙型布鲁菌M111株和重组裂解质粒制备出布鲁菌菌壳,利用小鼠模型对布鲁菌菌壳、布鲁菌M111活菌和福尔马林灭活菌的安全性和免疫原性进行比较研究。结果显示,与布鲁菌弱毒菌株M111比较而言,布鲁菌菌壳具有更好的安全性,免疫小鼠后能产生与弱毒菌株相似的血清抗体水平、脾CD3+和CD4+T淋巴细胞反应,甚至产生更高水平的IFN-γ。这些结果表明,布鲁菌菌壳具有与弱毒菌株相似的体液免疫和细胞免疫能力,将来可能作为预防布鲁菌感染的新型候选疫苗,但布鲁菌菌壳疫苗的有效性和特异性免疫机制还有待深入研究。     

双重溶菌质粒制备鸡痢疾志贺菌菌壳的研究

通过将2种不同的重组溶菌质粒转化至鸡痢疾志贺菌中,构建含有双重溶菌质粒的志贺菌重组菌株,以提高该菌菌壳制备的裂解率和稳定性,并对其特性进行研究.用重组溶菌质粒pBV220::E和pBBRIMCS-E共同转化到鸡痢疾志贺菌,构建志贺菌重组菌株Sd(pBV220::E/pBBRI MCS-E),重组菌株于28 C培养至D600值为0.5时升至42℃继续培养,间隔30 min检测菌液D600值,进行重组菌株的溶菌裂解动力学比较试验,绘制裂解曲线图并计算出裂解率,制备菌壳并对其形态进行电镜观察.重组菌株Sd(pBV220::E/pBBRIMCS-E)经42℃诱导后可形成菌壳且保留了基本的细胞形态,裂解率达到了99.999 9％.本研究成功制备出鸡痢疾志贺菌菌壳,为研究利用该菌菌壳预防鸡痢疾志贺菌病的可行性奠定了基础.     

犬布鲁氏菌菌壳疫苗的制备简

菌壳技术是一种新型的灭活疫苗制备方法,通过非变性的灭活方式保存细菌表面多个抗原表位,所制备的菌壳可作为预防细菌病的理想疫苗。本试验从噬菌体PhiX174 DNA钓取裂解E基因,连接至温控原核表达载体pBV220,通过PCR在所构建的pBV220+E上扩增出蛋白裂解部件（protein lysis component,PLC）,该部件包含阻遏蛋白cI857、溶菌E基因及终止序列rrnbT1T2,然后将其克隆至广宿主表达载体pBBR1MCS-2中,最终将构建的广宿主裂解质粒pBBR+PLC电转入犬布鲁氏菌RM6/66中。试验结果表明,经42 ℃诱导后,广宿主裂解质粒对犬布鲁氏菌RM6/66的裂解率达100%,成功制备了犬布鲁氏菌RM6/66菌壳疫苗。本试验通过菌壳技术制备的犬布鲁氏菌疫苗对预防宠物犬布鲁氏菌病起到重要作用,同时也对人兽布鲁氏菌疫苗的研制提供新策略。     

荧光报告质粒构建及其在布鲁菌细胞侵袭试验中的应用

采取质粒shuffling方法,将含GFPmut1的pPS858和能在布鲁菌中复制的质粒pBBR1MCS-2经KpnⅠ酶切后连接,转化DH5α,利用双抗性筛选重组质粒pBBR1-GFP。将荧光质粒转入布鲁菌,获得荧光标记布鲁菌,并用构建好的荧光标记布鲁菌侵染巨噬细胞J774A.1,探讨其用于细胞侵袭试验的可行性。结果显示,成功构建布鲁菌荧光报告质粒pBBR1-GFP,用构建好的荧光标记布鲁菌侵染巨噬细胞后,在细胞内观察到带荧光的布鲁菌,且荧光强度与胞内细菌数成正比。细胞侵袭动态试验结果表明,细菌与细胞共孵育45min后,胞内细菌达到饱和。结果表明,成功构建了布鲁菌的荧光质粒报告系统,可用于布鲁菌细胞侵袭试验。     

荧光报告质粒构建及其在布鲁菌细胞侵袭试验中的应用

采取质粒shuffling方法,将含GFPmut1的pPS858和能在布鲁菌中复制的质粒pBBRlMCS-2经KpnI酶切后连接,转化DH5a,利用双抗性筛选重组质粒pBBR1-GFP。将荧光质粒转入布鲁菌,获得荧光标记布鲁菌,并用构建好的荧光标记布鲁菌侵染巨噬细胞J774A．1,探讨其用于细胞侵袭试验的可行性。结果显示,成功构建布鲁菌荧光报告质粒pBBR1-GFP,用构建好的荧光标记布鲁菌侵染巨噬细胞后,在细胞内观察到带荧光的布鲁菌,且荧光强度与胞内细菌数成正比。细胞侵袭动态试验结果表明,细菌与细胞共孵育45min后,胞内细菌达到饱和。结果表明,成功构建了布鲁菌的荧光质粒报告系统,可用于布鲁菌细胞侵袭试验。     

牛致病性大肠杆菌菌影的制备

制备牛源大肠杆菌菌影,为其作为疫苗及载体奠定基础。将裂解质粒PHH43-E电转入牛大肠杆菌中,并通过温度的改变诱导细菌裂解,即其在37℃条件下生长到对数生长期,然后进行42℃升温诱导。经温控诱导裂解质粒表达后可将细胞壁裂解,形成细菌空壳,成功制备了菌影。     

猪源致病性大肠杆菌菌蜕的制备

为制备仔猪水肿病源致病性大肠杆菌菌蜕,本实验克隆phiX174裂解基因E,构建温控溶菌表达载体,将其转入猪源致病性大肠杆菌JLBC1501中,制备菌蜕计算其裂解率,并用电镜进行观察。结果显示:扩增出片段大小为274bp的裂解基因E,成功构建温控溶菌质粒载体pBVE,制备了猪源致病性大肠杆菌菌蜕,其裂解率最高为99.72%,扫描电镜观察,菌蜕株内容物大量排出、细菌发生明显皱缩。研究结果为仔猪水肿病的防治奠定了基础。     

致禽肾脏、肠道病变大肠杆菌菌影的制备及其裂解效率的测定

为制备高裂解效率的致禽肾脏、肠道病变大肠杆菌菌影,本研究通过编码15个柔性氨基酸linker采用融合PCR法将噬菌体中Φ174的裂解蛋白E基因和金黄色葡萄球菌核酸酶A基因(SN)串联(E-15L-SN),插入温控表达质粒pBV220,构建重组温控双裂解表达质粒(pBV-ES),采用PCR扩增其温控双基因裂解表达盒(DLS-ES)插入E.coli-Pasteurella(大肠杆菌和巴氏杆菌)穿梭质粒pBA1100,构建重组温控双基因裂解穿梭质粒pBA1100-DLS-ES。该质粒可以通过温控制备高裂解率的E.coli和Pasteurella两种菌的菌影。本实验将构建的pBA1100-DLS-ES电转化至致禽肾脏、肠道病变E.coli中,28℃集菌,42℃温控诱导裂解蛋白E和核酸酶A表达。OD_(600nm)值及电镜结果表明,双基因裂解率高于单基因,同时收集菌影时间也比单基因裂解短,42℃诱导2 h含双裂解基因的菌液处理菌体裂解率达到99.9999%,本实验利用菌影形成机制将含青霉素抗性的致禽肾脏、肠道病变E.coli制备成菌影,为新型菌影疫苗的制备提供实验依据。     

Comparison between immune responses and resistance induced in BALB/c mice vaccinated with RB51 and Rev. 1 vaccines and challenged with Brucella melitensis bv. 3

BALB/c mice were immunized with live rough Brucella abortus RB51 or smooth Brucella melitensis Rev. 1 vaccines and challenged with a B. melitensis field strain. Protection was assessed by a variety of serological tests and recovery of vaccinal and challenge strains by culture. Mice vaccinated with RB51 gave negative results in the conventional serological tests prior to challenge, namely; standard tube agglutination test (SAT), Rose Bengal plate test (RBPT), buffered acidified plate antigen test (BAPAT), and mercaptoethanol test (MET). Sero-conversion took place to a whole-cell bacterial buffered RB51 antigen after vaccination and persisted for 7 weeks post-vaccination. Mice challenged with B. melitensis were assessed for bacterial load and immune response for 12 weeks after challenge. Protection units were showed that Rev. 1 vaccine was superior to RB51 vaccine in protection of mice against B. melitensis. However, RB51 vaccine has the advantage that it would not elicit antibodies to standard serological tests based on the LPS O antigen. RB51 vaccine could therefore be used for control of B. melitensis infection and avoid confusion in the use of standard sero-diagnostic tests.     

Enhanced efficacy of recombinant Brucella abortus RB51 vaccines against B. melitensis infection in mice

Brucella abortus strain RB51 is an attenuated rough strain, currently being used as the official live vaccine for bovine brucellosis in the USA and several other countries. In strain RB51, the wboA gene, encoding a glycosyltransferase required for the O-side chain synthesis, is disrupted by an IS711 element. Recently, we have demonstrated that strain RB51WboA, RB51 complemented with a functional wboA gene, remains rough but expresses low quantities of O-side chain in the cytoplasm. Mice vaccinated with strain RB51WboA develop greatly enhanced resistance against challenge with B. abortus virulent strain 2308. We have also demonstrated that overexpression of Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD) in strain RB51 (RB51SOD) significantly increases its vaccine efficacy against strain 2308 challenge. In this study, we constructed a new recombinant strain, RB51SOD/WboA, that over expresses SOD with simultaneous expression of O-side chain in the cytoplasm. We tested the vaccine potential of strains RB51SOD, RB51WboA, RB51SOD/WboA against challenge with virulent Brucella melitensis 16M and B. abortus 2308 in mice. In comparison with strain RB51, strain RB51SOD induced better protection against strain 2308, but not strain 16M, challenge. Similar to strain RB51WboA, vaccination with strain RB51SOD/WboA resulted in complete protection of the mice from infection with strain 2308. When challenged with strain 16M, mice vaccinated with either strain RB51WboA or strain RB51SOD/WboA were significantly better protected than those vaccinated with strain RB51 or RB51SOD. These results suggest that strains RB51WboA and RB51SOD/WboA are good vaccine candidates for inducing enhanced protection against B. melitensis infection.     

Evaluation of a rough mutant of Brucella melitensis in pregnant goats

Brucella melitensis strain VTRM1, a rough derivative of B melitensis strain 16M, is able to colonise the lymph nodes of goats, does not induce abortion in pregnant goats when used at doses leading to abortions with virulent strain 16M, and does not induce anti-O chain antibodies. However, strain VTRM1 as a single dose vaccine induces only partial protection against both infection and abortion following challenge.     

禽致病性大肠杆菌(APEC)菌蜕的制备研究

菌蜕是通过PhiX174噬菌体溶菌基因E的可调控表达而形成的、缺少细胞浆和核酸且无繁殖能力的革兰氏阴性细菌菌体。这种非变性的灭活方式使菌蜕完好保留了细菌的各种抗原成分和免疫黏附分子,具有优良的免疫原性和固有的免疫佐剂性质以及免疫系统靶向性质。菌蜕的这些生物学特点使其在作为新型非变性灭活菌苗、作为递呈异源抗原的重组疫苗以及作为DNA疫苗甚至药物的载体方面都显现出巨大的研究开发前景。本研究成功构建了热敏诱导、pR、pL串联双启动子表达E基因的、具有不同抗性标记和复制起点的系列溶菌载体,比国外用pR或pL单启动子的溶茵载体在K-12株大肠杆菌(如XL1-blue)的溶茵效率高一个指数级。本研究还成功制备出禽致病性大肠杆菌(Avian pathogenic E.coli,APEC)野毒株的菌蜕,为进一步进行菌蜕疫苗的开发研究奠定了技术基础。     

Effect of polymyxin B and environmental conditions on isolation of Brucella species and the vaccine strain RB51

Brucella are resistant to polymyxin B (PB), but their relative susceptibility to PB and its derivative, colistin (COL) has not been rigorously or systematically studied. Comparative susceptibility of Brucella reference strains, vaccine strain RB51, and Brucella isolates from marine mammals to these two cationic peptides were determined by Etest. Vast differences among Brucella species were found in susceptibility to both PB and COL. Brucella demonstrated similar pattern of relative susceptibility to PB as that of COL, but they were less susceptible to COL. Both B. melitensis and B. suis were the least susceptible to polymyxins and rough strains were more susceptible to both PB and COL than the smooth except for the BvrR mutant. Strains were generally less susceptible to PB when cultured in CO(2) rather than ambient air; some became more susceptible in acidified medium. Results show that environment cultural conditions must be considered when selecting for CO(2)-independent strains of Brucella especially the vaccine strain RB51 on selective media containing PB. Our observations extend basic knowledge of the differential resistance of Brucella to polymyxins.     

Brucella species lacking the major outer membrane protein Omp25 are attenuated in mice and protect against Brucella melitensis and Brucella ovis

To aid in the development of novel efficacious vaccines against brucellosis, Omp25 was examined as a potential candidate. To determine the role of Omp25 in virulence, mutants were created with Brucella abortus (BA25), Brucella melitensis (BM25), and Brucella ovis (BO25) which contain disruptions in the omp25 gene (Deltaomp25 mutants). Western immunoblot analysis and PCR verified that the Omp25 protein was not expressed and that the omp25 gene was disrupted in each strain. BALB/c mice infected with B. abortus BA25 or B. melitensis BM25 showed a significant decrease in mean CFU/spleen at 18 and 4 weeks post-infection, respectively, when compared to the virulent parental strain (P<0.05, n=5). Mice infected with B. ovis BO25 had significantly lower mean CFU/spleen counts from 1 to 8 weeks post-infection, at which point the mutant was cleared from the spleens (P<0.01, n=5). Murine vaccination with either BM25 or the current caprine vaccine B. melitensis strain Rev. 1 resulted in more than a 2log(10) reduction in bacterial load following challenge with virulent B. melitensis (P<0.01, n=5). Vaccination of mice with the B. ovis mutant resulted in clearance of the challenge strain and provided 2.5log(10) greater protection against virulent B. ovis than vaccine strain Rev. 1. Based on these data, the B. melitensis and B. ovis Deltaomp25 mutants are interesting vaccine candidates that are currently under study in our laboratory for their safety and efficacy in small ruminants.     

Genomic fingerprinting and development of a dendrogram for Brucella spp. isolated from seals, porpoises, and dolphins.

Genomic DNA from reference strains and biovars of the genus Brucella was analyzed using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Fingerprints were compared to estimate genetic relatedness among the strains and to obtain information on evolutionary relationships. Electrophoresis of DNA digested with the restriction endonuclease XbaI produced fragment profiles for the reference type strains that distinguished these strains to the level of species. Included in this study were strains isolated from marine mammals. The PFGE profiles from these strains were compared with those obtained from the reference strains and biovars. Isolates from dolphins had similar profiles that were distinct from profiles of Brucella isolates from seals and porpoises. Distance matrix analyses were used to produce a dendrogram. Biovars of B. abortus were clustered together in the dendrogram; similar clusters were shown for biovars of B. melitensis and for biovars of B. suis. Brucella ovis, B. canis, and B. neotomae differed from each other and from B. abortus, B. melitensis, and B. suis. The relationship between B. abortus strain RB51 and other Brucella biovars was compared because this strain has replaced B. abortus strain 19 for use as a live vaccine in cattle and possibly in bison and elk. These results support the current taxonomy of Brucella species and the designation of an additional genomic group(s) of Brucella. The PFGE analysis in conjunction with distance matrix analysis was a useful tool for calculating genetic relatedness among the Brucella species.     

羊布鲁茵16MvjbR蛋白酵母双杂交诱饵表达载体的构建及其毒性和自激活效应检测

利用Sos招募系统（SRS）,通过聚合酶链反应（PCR）扩增羊布鲁菌16MVjbR基因的编码序列,定向克隆到酵母表达载体pSos中,构建诱饵重组质粒pSos－VjbR,经测序正确后其将转入酵母菌cdc25H（α）感受态细胞,检测其表达产物对酵母细胞有无毒性作用及对报告基因有无自激活作用。结果表明,经序列测定证实重组诱饵质粒pSos－VjbR构建成功。重组质粒转化入酵母细胞后,经检测其表达产物对cdc25H（α）酵母细胞无毒性作用,对报告基因亦无自激活作用。这为利用SRS来研究与羊布鲁菌16MVjbR蛋白相互作用的蛋白奠定了基础。     

Anti-chlamydial immunity in ewes conferred by vaccination with a combination of three live chlamydia, brucella and salmonella vaccines

Live attenuated vaccines against Chlamydia psittaci var ovis, Brucella melitensis and Salmonella abortus ovis have previously been shown to be compatible in mice by subcutaneous administration. Immunity against challenge with virulent chlamydia was, however, slightly decreased in associations including the B melitensis Rev 1 vaccine. The chlamydia strain 1B vaccine was administered to four- to five-month-old female lambs, either alone or in combination with the B melitensis Rev1 and the S abortus ovis Rv6 vaccines. Clinical, serological and bacteriological observations demonstrated the compatibility of the three vaccines. Control, singly and triply vaccinated ewes were challenged with a virulent strain of chlamydia during their second pregnancy, 15 months after vaccination. Five of the 12 control ewes lambed normally and 10 of them were infected, as shown by the excretion of the challenge chlamydia in genital secretions. Sixteen of the 17 ewes in the triple vaccine group lambed normally and none was infected. All 12 in the single vaccine group lambed normally and three of the 12 were infected. In spite of this unusually poor protection by the single vaccine, antichlamydial immunity was clearly not decreased by the association with the two other vaccines.