不同品种葡萄伤流研究初探

以8年生欧亚种葡萄(新雅、新郁、夏至红、香妃)和欧美种葡萄(夏黑、峰后、阳光玫瑰、醉人香)为研究对象,分析其伤流发生情况及其与气温的关系,同时分析不同品种葡萄伤流液中游离氨基酸的种类和含量。结果表明：早熟品种伤流量大；中熟品种次之；极早熟品种再次之；晚熟(中晚熟)品种伤流量极少。在整个伤流期中,欧亚系的香妃伤流量波动大,欧美系的夏黑波动较小。香妃的伤流受一天中温度影响较大,而夏黑受其影响较小。作为抗寒性重要指标的脯氨酸在各品种葡萄的伤流液中含量均较少(或为0)；测定伤流液成分发现,伤流液成分及含量与品系来源存在一定关系。     

梅花鹿锯茸时出血特点及止血药物的研究

为达到更好的锯茸止血效果,对梅花鹿锯茸时出血特点及锯茸止血药物应用效果进行了观察:收取初角茸时呈渗出状出血;收取二杠茸时呈线状出血;收取三杈茸和畸型茸时呈喷射状出血,并且有节律地进行搏动。出血量随着鹿茸的产量和茸根围度的增加而增多,但是当收取茸根围度为(20.3±0.6)cm的畸型茸时却不存在这种明显的相关关系。同一茸型不同年龄的鹿,因茸重、茸根围度的不同出血亦有差别。根据鹿茸的组织结构、生长规律和梅花鹿生理特点,选用由中药组成的外用锯茸止血药方剂,通过锯茸止血试验,结果表明,该锯茸止血药无刺激性,止血快,抗感染能力强,创面愈合良好,对再生茸产量没有明显影响(P>0.05)。     

鹅枕静脉窦长期大量采血

将１２０只青年鹅分为４组，每组３０只。Ⅰ组为对照组，不进行免疫和采血，Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组进行３个采血期的免疫和鹅枕静脉窦采血，每个采血期采血３次，每２ｄ１次，５０ｍＬ／只。结果表明，在不同饲养条件下，Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组９０只鹅３个采血期的平均采血量在４１０ｍＬ／只以上，且血清抗体效价稳定；在３个采血间期内，Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组鹅的体重恢复率分别为９８．４％、９９．８５％和１００．７５％。由此认为，在同一群鹅内，可进行数个采血期的免疫和枕静脉窦大量采血，且不会影响血清的抗体效价。     

Postpartum reproductive function in Finnish Ayrshire and Friesian cows after three subsequent parturitions

The postpartum reproduction functions of 84 Finnish Ayrshire and Friesian cows were studied on an experimental farm. The cows were divided according to type of feed into 2 groups of equal size: a hay-urea group and a silage group. The duration of the study was 3 years. Eighty-four cows were followed during their first postpartum period, 63 during 2 and 57 during 3 consecutive post partum periods.The cows were examined clinically by rectal palpation, and milk samples for progesterone assay were taken 3 times a week between calving and first insemination. External signs of heat were checked 3 times a day by the herdsmen.Intervals from calving to completed uterine and cervical involution, appearance of first palpable follicle, onset of first luteal function and onset of regular ovarian function were recorded. Intervals from calving to the first observed heat and to pregnancy were measured and the rate of successful pregnancies at the first insemination was calculated.Least squares methods were used for evaluation of the effect of individual cow, breed, parity/year and type of feed on postpartum reproductive function.The cows in the herd seemed to have equal reproductive functions which were influenced by the conditions during each year/parity rather than by the breed or type of feed.Individual cow effect was significant for the rapidity of uterine involution. Breed had no significant effect on any of the parameters studied.The effect of type of feed alone was not significant for any parameter, but when studying the intervals from calving to uterine involution and initiation of luteal function differences between the feed groups were noted within parity/year.The percentage of cows showing heat before the first dioestrus (luteal phase) increased with parity/year, and the first dioestrus was shorter than the second. The percentage of cows showing postoestrous bleeding increased with number of oestrous cycles post partum.     

IMAGING DIAGNOSIS—METASTATIC HEMANGIOSARCOMA CAUSING CEREBRAL HEMORRHAGE IN A DOG

A 9-year-old male Appenzeller mountain dog had progressive severe ataxia and central vestibular syndrome that was localized clinically to the brain stem. The cerebrospinal fluid characteristics were suggestive of hemorrhage into the subarachnoid space. On computed tomography (CT), hyperattenuating masses were found in the left lateral ventricle extending into the cerebrum, and another involving the cerebellum and brainstem. The hyperattenuation of the masses in noncontrast images and the absence of contrast enhancement were consistent with hemorrhage. The dog underwent euthanasia. A metastatic hemangiosarcoma in the brain, causing acute bleeding in the left lateral ventricle and the brainstem, was found. A solitary mass in the left myocardium was thought to be the primary site. CT characteristics of intracranial hemorrhage are reviewed.     

Oral Mucosa Bleeding Times of Normal Cats and Cats with Chediak-Higashi Syndrome or Hageman Trait (Factor XII Deficiency)

A commercially available, disposable blade in a spring-loaded cassette was used to measure oral mucosa bleeding times (OMBT) of ketamine/acepromazine-anesthetized cats. The OMBT were determined in cats homozygous for Chediak-Higashi syndrome (CHS, n = 7), cats heterozygous for CHS (n = 6), and cats homozygous for Hageman factor (factor XII) deficiency (n = 5). In addition, OMBT were determined in three groups of normal cats: random-source cats (n = 14), inbred normal relatives of the cats with CHS (n = 7), and inbred normal relatives of Hageman factor deficient cats (n = 9). No significant differences were found in the OMBT of the three groups of normal cats. The mean OMBT for all 30 normal cats was 1.9 minutes +/- 0.5 minutes s.d. Compared to the normal cats, those homozygous for CHS had significantly prolonged OMBT (14.1 +/- 3.3 minutes; p < 0.05). The mean OMBT of cats heterozygous for CHS (2.6 +/- 0.8 minutes) was also significantly longer than the OMBT of the combined normal group. The mean OMBT of the CHS heterozygotes, however, was not significantly longer than that of their normal relatives (OMBT = 1.8 +/- 0.5 minutes), probably because of the low number of cats in this subgroup of normals. As expected, the OMBT of cats homozygous for Hageman factor deficiency (2.3 +/- 0.3 minutes) were not significantly prolonged.     

Basset Hound thrombopathia in a 4‐month‐old female Ba‐Shar (Sharp Asset)

A 3‐month‐old female Basset Hound‐Shar Pei mix puppy (Ba‐Shar or Sharp Asset) presented with oral bleeding due to a cracked molar. On physical exam, an aural hematoma was also noted that the owner indicated was chronic. The puppy was hospitalized for over 24 h until the bleeding was brought under control. At 4 months of age, the puppy again presented with oral bleeding due to loss of deciduous teeth and was hospitalized until bleeding was controlled. Coagulation screening tests, platelet numbers, and von Willebrand Factor antigen levels were within reference limits. Based on the presence of platelet‐type bleeding in the face of normal screening test results, samples were submitted for DNA testing for Basset Hound thrombopathia. The puppy tested as affected for the calcium and diacylglycerol regulated guanine nucleotide exchange factor I (CalDAG‐GEFI) mutation causing this disorder. This is the first time thrombopathia has been diagnosed in a “designer” breed.     

鹅枕静脉窦采血制备抗小鹅瘟血清的试验

对１７０只青年鹅进行了枕静脉窦采血试验，并检测了４次重复大量采血的血清抗体效价及重复采血对试验鹅健康的影响。结果如下：一个抗体效价高峰期内，枕静脉窦４次重复采血（隔日１次或每日１次）所获平均血量（２００ｍＬ）是宰杀采血量（１１０ｍＬ）的１．８倍，而获血清量则达２倍以上。所获血清的抗小鹅瘟病毒效价与宰杀采血的血清相当，对人工感染雏鹅的保护率达１００％。４次重复采血对试鹅健康无明显影响。结果表明，鹅枕     

26例犬免疫介导性血小板减少症回顾性分析

旨在调查犬免疫介导性血小板减少症(immune thrombocytopenia，ITP)的发病和治疗情况，并探讨预后相关因素。本研究自2018―2019年于中国农业大学动物医院接诊的病例中筛选出26例符合要求的ITP病例，记录患犬的基本信息、临床表现、实验室检查结果以及治疗和预后情况，并进行统计学分析。结果显示，贵宾犬为主要的发病品种(58%)；伊文氏综合征(Evans syndrome)与诊断后短期内(14 d)死亡显著相关(P=0.02)；初诊时，所有患犬皆具有出血的临床表现，根据一种新型犬ITP出血评估工具(DOGiBAT)所得出的评分范围为3~10分，其中,评分>5的患犬与诊断后短期内死亡显著相关(P=0.03)，提示出血评分对判断疾病转归有一定的指导意义。此外，出血评分>5的犬C反应蛋白(C-reactive protein, CRP)检测结果显著高于出血评分≤5的犬(P=0.01)，初步提示CRP具有辅助判断ITP严重程度的意义。本研究建议在评估ITP预后时引入出血评分工具，相比单一的临床表现更能量化疾病的严重程度，并提供可靠的预后判断。     

椰子泻血病室内药剂筛选研究

采用生长速率法和抑制孢子萌发法分别测定了10种杀菌剂对该病原菌的菌丝生长、孢子萌发和芽管生长的抑制作用,并测定了其中9种杀菌剂对该病菌的毒力。结果表明,苯甲.丙环唑对病原菌的菌丝抑制作用最强,测试的8个浓度均完全抑制了菌丝的生长；百菌清对病原菌孢子萌发的抑制作用最强,抑制率100%；对病原菌芽管的生长抑制率最高的是百菌清和苯甲.丙环唑,达到100 %。毒力测定结果表明,咪鲜胺锰盐、多菌灵、十三吗啉、异菌脲和甲基硫菌灵的毒力作用较强,有效中浓度(EC₅₀)分别为3.3768×10_﹣5、0.0432、0.2692、1.2462和4.5994 μg/ml。