徐州地区奶牛隐性乳房炎病原调查及药物敏感性检测

目前徐州地区奶牛乳房炎发生范围广,发病率尤其隐性乳房炎发病率高,临床用药治疗效果不理想,严重制约了该地区奶业的健康发展。本试验通过SMT法进行奶牛隐性乳房炎诊断,并对阳性乳样进行细菌分离培养。结果显示:奶牛隐性乳房炎阳性率为33.4%,乳区阳性率为17.97%;主要致病菌为大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、链球菌,头孢噻呋对3种菌株均高度敏感,效果显著。     

奶牛隐性乳房炎的流行病学及病原调查

对信阳市奶牛场、奶牛养殖小区和个体奶牛户进行隐性乳房炎的流行病学调查及致病菌的分离鉴定,结果隐性乳房炎的发病率为51.81%(129/249),个体饲养的奶牛隐性乳房炎阳性率高达68.49%(50/73),从12份被检乳汁中共分离出87株细菌,经生化鉴定其主要致病菌为葡萄球菌、无乳链球菌和大肠杆菌。     

奶牛隐性乳腺炎病原菌的分离鉴定

用兰州乳房炎试验(LMT)对来自西安市某个牛场的76份奶样作隐性乳房炎检验，并对乳样进行细菌分离鉴定。结果表明，该牛场的隐性乳房炎检出率为33％，阳性乳样中细菌检出率为93．4％。阴性乳样中病原菌检出率为28％，在检出的94株细菌中，共有5种菌22株是与乳房炎有关的病原菌。其中葡萄球菌和链球菌占病原菌总数的90％以上。是引起该场奶牛隐性乳房炎的主要病原菌。     

新疆克拉玛依地区奶牛隐性乳房炎病原菌的分离鉴定

用兰州乳房炎检测试剂(Lanzhou mastitis test,LMT)对克拉玛依规模化奶牛场进行了奶牛隐性乳房炎流行病学调查。结果显示,该地区奶牛隐性乳房炎的发病率为70.43%(543/771)。对543份阳性牛乳样品进行了病原菌的分离鉴定,结果发现,阳性乳样品中细菌分离率达89.13%(484/543),葡萄球菌、链球菌、肠杆菌和棒状杆菌为主要致病菌,且多为几种致病菌的混合感染。     

奶牛乳房炎流行情况调查及主要病原分离与药敏试验

采用临床诊断法及隐性乳房炎试剂诊断法对浦东地区奶牛乳房炎发病率进行了调查,结果表明,按乳区计算,临床乳房炎发病率为13.0%,隐性乳房炎阳性率为45.2%。细菌分离与鉴定结果显示,葡萄球菌、链球菌及大肠杆菌是引起浦东地区奶牛乳房炎的主要致病菌,以葡萄球菌分离率为最高。耐药试验结果表明,分离菌株对大多数抗菌药物具有较好的敏感性,但对β-内酰胺类药物及复方新诺明具有较强的耐药性。     

新疆垦区奶牛乳房炎致病菌的调查

实验选取新疆垦区7个试验牛场,经临床调查和试剂诊断,检测奶牛 712 头,采集奶牛乳房炎阳性乳样 314 份。其中,奶牛隐性乳房炎阳性检出率平均为36 3%,临床性奶牛乳房炎为 16 7%;采集阳性奶样经实验室分离鉴定,革兰氏阳性菌仍是引起奶牛乳房炎的主要致病菌,但金色葡萄球菌已基本取代链球菌成为主要的致病菌,其检出率为 78 98%。另外,常见环境性致病菌[1]如沙门氏菌、大肠杆菌已明显减少,检出率仅为 21 1%和 9 24%。相反,绿脓杆菌和蜡样芽孢杆菌的检出率明显增加,其检出率为5 41%和11 15%,而且绿脓杆菌和隐球菌已经引起临床性乳房炎的爆发,其中隐球菌已经成为造成顽固性乳房炎的又一种新型病原。     

京津冀地区中小规模奶牛场隐性乳房炎状况调查

为调查分析北京、天津及河北地区奶牛场的隐性乳房炎发病现状及病因,本研究调查收集了来自北京大兴、房山、昌平、顺义、密云、延庆6个区县及天津、河北部分地区共计41家中小规模奶牛场、1.8万余头荷斯坦牛的乳房炎相关数据。结果发现,全群500头以下的中小型牛场是京津冀地区主要奶牛养殖群体,金黄色葡萄球菌(金葡菌)和大肠杆菌是导致牛群发生乳房炎的主要致病菌;被调查牛场群体中隐性乳房炎的发病率很高,说明奶牛隐性乳房炎的防治与风险评估需要引起足够的重视;应在京津冀中小规模牛场改进隐性乳房炎判定标准(SCC由20万~50万/m L改进为10万~50万/m L),开展奶牛隐性乳房炎风险评估,并早期普查金葡菌乳房炎感染牛,从而提高奶牛群的乳房健康度和乳品质量;同时应尽早开展隐性乳房炎抗性分子标记辅助选择,为今后组建抗隐性乳房炎基础奶牛群体提供重要信息。     

新疆垦区奶牛乳房炎致病菌的调查

本试验选取新疆垦区七个试验牛场,临床调查和试剂诊断,检测奶牛712头,采集奶牛乳房炎阳性乳样314份.其中,奶牛隐性乳房炎阳性检出率平均为36.3%,临床性奶牛乳房炎为16.7%;采集阳性奶样经试验分离鉴定,革兰氏阳性菌仍是引起奶牛乳房炎的主要致病菌,但金色葡萄球菌已基本取代链球菌成为主要的致病菌,其检出率为78.98%.另外,常见环境性致病菌如沙门氏菌、大肠杆菌已明显减少,检出率仅为21.1%和9.24%.相反,绿脓杆菌和蜡样芽孢杆菌的检出率明显增加,其检出率为5.41%和11.15%,而且绿脓杆菌和隐球菌已经成为引起临床性乳房炎爆发的两种新的病原,其中隐球菌已经成为造成顽固性乳房炎的又一种新型病原.     

新疆垦区奶牛乳房炎致病菌的调查

本试验选取新疆垦区七个试验牛场,临床调查和试剂诊断,检测奶牛712头,采集奶牛乳房炎阳性乳样314份。其中,奶牛隐性乳房炎阳性检出率平均为36.3%,临床性奶牛乳房炎为16.7%;采集阳性奶样经试验分离鉴定,革兰氏阳性菌仍是引起奶牛乳房炎的主要致病菌,但金色葡萄球菌已基本取代链球菌成为主要的致病菌,其检出率为78.98%。另外,常见环境性致病菌如沙门氏菌、大肠杆菌已明显减少,检出率仅为21.1%和9.24%。相反,绿脓杆菌和蜡样芽孢杆菌的检出率明显增加,其检出率为5.41%和11.15%,而且绿脓杆菌和隐球菌已经成为引起临床性乳房炎爆发的两种新的病原,其中隐球菌已经成为造成顽固性乳房炎的又一种新型病原。     

奶牛隐性乳房炎病原菌分离鉴定试验

为给北京某郊区奶牛隐性乳房炎的综合防治提供依据,本试验在该郊区采集了128份隐性乳房炎乳样,并对主要病原菌种类及分布情况进行了研究。结果表明:(1)环境性细菌和传染性细菌是该地区隐性乳房炎的主要病原菌。传染性细菌中以金黄色葡萄球菌为主(规模牛场、小区和散养户分别为9.98%、15.99%和11.96%);环境性细菌中以停乳链球菌(小区高达10.41%)、沙雷氏菌(小区高达31.51%)和大肠杆菌(小区高达8.46%)为主;(2)在传染性细菌和环境性细菌的检出比率中,小区为最高(分别为18.81%和55.53%),其次是散养户(分别为17.39%和34.52%),最低的是规模牛场(分别为13.19%和17.49%)。     

奶牛隐性乳房炎病原菌的分离鉴定及药敏试验

为了解贵阳市某乳业有限公司奶牛场隐性乳房炎流行情况及其主要病原菌,采用CMT方法检出隐性乳房炎乳样后,对阳性乳样进行细菌分离与鉴定,同时对其主要病原菌进行了体外药敏试验。结果表明,该公司奶牛场隐性乳房炎的感染率为40％,主要病原菌为葡萄球菌属和链球菌属细菌,其敏感的抗菌药物有先锋V霉素、利福平、丙氟哌酸、氟哌酸、新霉素、卡那霉素、庆大霉素等,经临床用药观察,有效地控制了该公司奶牛场隐性乳房炎。     

奶牛乳腺炎的细菌学研究

在对山东7个地区14个奶牛场临床型和隐性乳腺炎调查的基础上采集234头临床乳腺炎病牛乳样、241个隐性乳腺炎乳样并分别做了细菌学检查,结果表明:泌乳期临床型乳腺炎病原菌以凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、链球菌、酵母菌和棒状杆菌为主;干奶期临床型乳腺炎病原菌以大肠杆菌、链球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌和酵母菌为主;隐性乳腺炎病原菌以凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌链球菌、酵母菌、假单胞菌和棒状杆菌为主;厌氧菌在隐性乳腺炎、干奶期乳腺炎和干奶期乳腺炎乳样的捡出率分别为 5．82％,4．17%,10．16％;隐性乳腺炎、干奶期乳腺炎细菌的共感染率较高,与泌乳期乳腺炎病原菌的差异极显著(P<0．01),隐性乳腺炎与干奶期乳腺炎病原菌共感染率差异不显著(P >0．05)。     

奶牛急性乳房炎病原菌的分离与鉴定

[目的]为了掌握奶牛急性乳房炎致病菌的种类.[方法]通过采集病牛乳汁样品3份,分别对其病原茵进行分离与鉴定.检测[结果]表明:检出4种共13株细菌,其中致病性金黄色葡萄球菌6株;停乳链球菌5株;大肠埃希茵1株,乳房链球茵1株.[结论]该场奶牛的急性乳房炎是由致病性金黄色葡萄球菌、停乳链球菌、乳房链球菌和大肠杆菌共同引起...     

Infectious aetiologies of mastitis on Korean dairy farms during 2008

The objective of this study was to determine the frequency of different mastitis pathogens in 1255 milk samples collected from 368 lactating cows on 24 dairy farms in Korea during 2008. The proportion of cows and quarter milk samples having SCC ? 200,000 cells/ml, an indicator of udder infection, was 54.3% (200/368 cows) and 35.5% (446/1255 samples), respectively. Of the 446 milk samples subjected to bacteriological examination, 16.5% (74) showed no bacterial growth and 3.5% (16) were contaminated. In total, 356 of 1255 (28.3%) samples were bacteriologically positive, from which 415 bacteria were isolated. The most frequently isolated pathogen was coagulase-negative staphylococci (40.7%), followed by Gram-negative bacteria (19.5%) other than Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus (12.2%), Streptococcus uberis (5.3%), Enterococcus spp. (4.8%), E. coli (4.5%), and environmental streptococci (3.1%) other than S. uberis. This study demonstrates that environmental pathogens were the vast majority of bacteria isolated from mastitic bovine milk samples in Korea.     

Isolation and Identification of Pathogenic Bacteria Causing Bovine Subclinical Mastitis in Eastern Hebei Province

In this study, the milk samples of 1 021 cows in eight dairy farms in Eastern Hebei Province were collected and detected with LMT reagent and somatic cell count for subclinical mastitis. Pathogenic bacteria in subclinical mastitis positive milk samples were isolated and identified.The results showed that 60.63%(619/1 021) of the sampled cows were diagnosed with subclinical mastitis, and mixed infections accounted for 88.21%(546/619) of the cases. In addition, 82 strains of 14 species were isolated from the subclinical mastitis positive milk samples, including 36 strains of Staphylococcus(43.90%), 33 strains of Streptococcus(40.24%), 8 strains of Enterobacteriaceae(9.76%) and 5 strains of Corynebacterium(6.10%), respectively. The results proved that Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus agalactiae are the main pathogenic bacteria causing bovine subclinical mastitis in Eastern Hebei Province.     

安徽部分地区奶牛乳房炎病原菌的分离鉴定和药敏试验

为了调查安徽地区奶牛乳房炎流行情况和筛选病原菌敏感药物.采集了安徽省奶牛主要养殖区的隐性乳房炎奶样,分离、鉴定了主要病原菌,并筛选了敏感药物.结果表明,乳房炎主要病原菌为金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希菌和无乳链球菌,且2种或2种以上病原菌混合感染占大部分,这些主要病原菌对环丙沙星、恩诺沙星、头孢曲松钠和卡那霉素等抗菌药物高度敏感,为奶牛乳房炎的治疗药物的选择提供了直接依据.     

内蒙古巴彦淖尔地区临床型奶牛乳腺炎病原菌的鉴定

不同地区奶牛乳腺炎的主要致病菌不同,其发病率也存在很大的差异。为了进一步明确内蒙古巴彦淖尔地区奶牛乳腺炎的发病情况,以巴彦淖尔地区4家奶牛场临床型乳腺炎患牛为实验对象,采集80份乳样进行了病原菌的分离培养及生化鉴定,结果分离到51个菌株,其中有葡萄球菌31株,链球菌6株,肠杆菌14株。该试验明确了该地区奶牛乳腺炎的主要致病菌,为该地区奶牛乳腺炎的有效防治及临床上合理地筛选敏感药物提供了有if,4的依据。     

Etiology and antimicrobial susceptibility of udder pathogens from cases of subclinical mastitis in dairy cows in Sweden

Background

A nationwide survey on the microbial etiology of cases of subclinical mastitis in dairy cows was carried out on dairy farms in Sweden. The aim was to investigate the microbial panorama and the occurrence of antimicrobial resistance. Moreover, differences between newly infected cows and chronically infected cows were investigated.

Methods

In total, 583 quarter milk samples were collected from 583 dairy cows at 226 dairy farms from February 2008 to February 2009. The quarter milk samples were bacteriological investigated and scored using the California Mastitis Test. Staphylococci were tested for betalactamase production and presence of resistance was evaluated in all specific udder pathogens. Differences between newly infected cows and chronically infected cows were statistically investigated using logistic regression analysis.

Results

The most common isolates of 590 bacteriological diagnoses were Staphylococcus (S) aureus (19%) and coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS; 16%) followed by Streptococcus (Str) dysgalactiae (9%), Str. uberis (8%), Escherichia (E.) coli (2.9%), and Streptococcus spp. (1.9%). Samples with no growth or contamination constituted 22% and 18% of the diagnoses, respectively. The distribution of the most commonly isolated bacteria considering only bacteriological positive samples were: S. aureus - 31%, CNS - 27%, Str. dysgalactiae - 15%, Str. uberis - 14%, E. coli - 4.8%, and Streptococcus spp. - 3.1%. There was an increased risk of finding S. aureus, Str. uberis or Str. dysgalactiae in milk samples from chronically infected cows compared to findings in milk samples from newly infected cows. Four percent of the S. aureus isolates and 35% of the CNS isolates were resistant to penicillin G. Overall, resistance to other antimicrobials than penicillin G was uncommon.

Conclusions

Staphylococcus aureus and CNS were the most frequently isolated pathogens and resistance to antimicrobials was rare.     

健康奶牛子宫颈乳酸菌筛选方法的建立及其抑菌活性分析

为筛选用于防制奶牛子宫炎的乳酸菌菌株,本试验选取产后30~50 d的健康奶牛,采集子宫颈口处分泌物,利用MRS选择性培养基进行乳酸菌初步筛选。纯化后的菌株进行革兰氏染色镜检,将具有乳酸球菌或乳酸杆菌典型形态的疑似菌株进行针对性生化鉴定。提取分离菌株的基因组DNA,扩增其16S rDNA全序列并测序,将所得序列与NCBI数据库中的相应序列进行同源性比对分析。采用琼脂扩散法检测分离菌株对致病性金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的抑菌活性,并检测分离菌株对山羊上皮细胞的黏附活性。结果显示,经染色镜检、生化鉴定和16S rDNA测序分析,得到13株乳酸菌,其中5株具有较强抑菌活性,6株具有较强黏附上皮细胞的能力,7、12和23号3株兼有良好的抑菌活性和黏附上皮细胞能力。综上,本试验建立了健康奶牛子宫颈中乳酸菌的筛选方法,得到3株具有良好益生特性的乳酸菌,为制备微生态制剂提供了基础材料,对防制奶牛子宫炎具有重要意义。     

奶牛隐性乳房炎的细菌学检测

对贵州省某奶牛场采集的80份奶样进行了病原菌的分离培养及生化鉴定,结果有74份奶样长出细菌,细菌检出率为92.50％;共分离到143株细菌,其中葡萄球菌和链球菌为主要病原菌,所占比例为87.41％(125/143).