封育对云雾山本氏针茅草地群落的影响

以云雾山封育与未封区为对象,采用样线法进行调查,重点分析二者群落特征和地上生物量的变化,以期为退化草地植被恢复提供依据.结果表明:封育后本氏针茅(Stipa bungeana)群落发生较大变化,物种数显著增加、演替差异明显,由未封区的本氏针茅+大针茅(S. gigantea)群落演替为封育后的大针茅+本氏针茅群落;未封区本氏针茅种群的优势地位明显加强,重要值明显大于封育区;封育与未封区群落的相似性系数为0.419;物种丰富度指数和多样性指数(修正的Simpson指数、Shannon-winner指数、Audair和Groff指数)均表现为封育区>未封区,而均匀度指数则相反;封育区地上生物量明显增加,其中禾本科、蔷薇科和杂类草占总生物量的比例均表现为封育>未封区,而菊科则相反.     

草甸草原不同放牧制度群落物质动态及植物补偿性生长研究

在草甸草原家庭牧场比较研究了不同放牧制度对群落物质动态变化规律及植物补偿性生长的影响.结果表明,划区轮牧较自由放牧可提高现存量、生长量、生产力;与对照相比2001年两种放牧制度下群落均表现为欠补偿生长;2003年划区轮牧区群落表现为等补偿生长,自由放牧区群落表现为欠补偿生长;两种放牧制度草群营养物质变化规律基本一致.     

草甸草原不同放牧制度群落物质动态及植物补偿性生长研究

在草甸草原家庭牧场比较研究了不同放牧制度对群落物质动态变化规律及植物补偿性生长的影响.结果表明,划区轮牧较自由放牧可提高现存量、生长量、生产力;与对照相比2001年两种放牧制度下群落均表现为欠补偿生长;2003年划区轮牧区群落表现为等补偿生长,自由放牧区群落表现为欠补偿生长;两种放牧制度草群营养物质变化规律基本一致.     

草甸草原不同放牧制度群落物质动态及植物补偿性生长研究

在草甸草原家庭牧场比较研究了不同放牧制度对群落物质动态变化规律及植物补偿性生长的影响。结果表明，划区轮牧较自由放牧可提高现存量、生长量、生产力；与对照相比2001年两种放牧制度下群落均表现为欠补偿生长；2003年划区轮牧区群落表现为等补偿生长，自由放牧区群落表现为欠补偿生长；两种放牧制度草群营养物质变化规律基本一致。     

不同利用方式下新疆春秋牧场植物群落特征变化趋势

在4月、6月和8月3个时期,对打草、自由放牧、分段放牧和划区轮牧4种利用方式下春秋牧场群落组成和数量特征变化进行了动态研究。结果表明,各利用方式从春季到秋季,物种数逐渐降低,划区轮牧型在各季节物种数均最多;数量特征在季节间具有相对一致的变化趋势,群落高度、盖度、密度和地上生物量4月份均以打草型最高,而6月和8月以划区轮牧型最高。暖季累计地上生物量为划区轮牧＞打草＞自由放牧＞分段放牧。划区轮牧无论在维护草地群落结构稳定性,还是在提高群落数量特征和生产性能上均具有明显的优势,而分段放牧具有潜在的优势;打草不放牧将不利于草地的更新和繁衍;长期自由放牧则不利于草地可持续发展。     

草甸草原不同放牧制度对植物群落特征的影响

本试验在内蒙古呼伦贝尔市草甸草原,针对划区轮牧和自由放牧对植物群落及主要植物种群的影响进行做了比较研究．分析结果表明：（1）羊草的高度、盖度和密度在划区轮牧区较在自由放牧区高,说明划区轮牧有利于多年生根茎禾草的繁殖,对一年生植物的生长起到了一定的抑制作用。（2）Margalef指数、Shannon-wiener指数、Simpson指数和Pielou指数划区轮牧区均高于自由放牧区,说明划区轮牧较自由放牧更有利于提高物种的多样性和丰富度。（3）植物群落总的地上现存量划区轮牧较自由放牧高,说明划区轮牧较自由放牧能够保持群落具有更高的地上现存量。     

不同轮牧方式对荒漠草原植物群落特征的影响

研究轮牧方式对草地植被特征的影响,可为草地合理放牧提供科学依据。在宁夏荒漠草原,以载畜率0.75只·hm^-2为水平,以围封禁牧草地为对照(CK),对连续放牧(CG)、二区轮牧(TG)、四区轮牧(FG)和六区轮牧(SG)方式下草地物种植被组成、群落盖度、生物量、净初级生产力、物种多样性以及群落稳定性进行研究。结果表明:1)轮牧使荒漠草原优良牧草重要值下降,但可增加植物物种种类;增加轮牧分区有利于优良牧草和多年生草本重要值的保持,但对半灌木的影响较小;2)植被盖度以封育和四区轮牧较高,地上生物量和净初级生产力以四区轮牧和六区轮牧草地较高,地下生物量以封育和六区轮牧处理较高,草地凋落物量以封育较高;3)轮牧可增加物种丰富度、多样性以及优势度,但群落均匀度指数下降;4)各处理下植物群落均不稳定,相比之下,围封禁牧群落稳定性最高,连续放牧最低。综合植被特征和生产中的便利性,研究认为四区轮牧是研究区最适宜的轮牧方式。     

不同轮牧方式对荒漠草原植物群落特征的影响

研究轮牧方式对草地植被特征的影响,可为草地合理放牧提供科学依据。在宁夏荒漠草原,以载畜率0.75只·hm~(-2)为水平,以围封禁牧草地为对照(CK),对连续放牧(CG)、二区轮牧(TG)、四区轮牧(FG)和六区轮牧(SG)方式下草地物种植被组成、群落盖度、生物量、净初级生产力、物种多样性以及群落稳定性进行研究。结果表明:1)轮牧使荒漠草原优良牧草重要值下降,但可增加植物物种种类;增加轮牧分区有利于优良牧草和多年生草本重要值的保持,但对半灌木的影响较小;2)植被盖度以封育和四区轮牧较高,地上生物量和净初级生产力以四区轮牧和六区轮牧草地较高,地下生物量以封育和六区轮牧处理较高,草地凋落物量以封育较高;3)轮牧可增加物种丰富度、多样性以及优势度,但群落均匀度指数下降;4)各处理下植物群落均不稳定,相比之下,围封禁牧群落稳定性最高,连续放牧最低。综合植被特征和生产中的便利性,研究认为四区轮牧是研究区最适宜的轮牧方式。     

放牧制度对短花针茅群落植物种群有性繁殖能力的影响

在短花针茅荒漠草原群落,进行了放牧制度对主要植物种群有性繁殖能力影响的比较研究.结果表明不同放牧制度对群落植物种群的有性繁殖能力有影响;与自由放牧相比,轮牧有利于群落种群实生苗的存活和成丛,但不及禁牧的效果好;种群的有性繁殖与水分因子关系密切,降水充沛,有性繁殖能力增强.     

不同放牧制度大针茅草原群落特征的比较

放牧制度是调控草地植物群落的一种有效手段，也是提高草地资源利用效益的有效措施。根据锡林郭勒大针茅草原划区轮牧和连续放牧的比较，分析两种放牧制度对草地植物群落种类丰富度、多样性、优势度和均匀度变化的影响及其内在机制。研究结果：在适度牧压下，划区轮牧的群落植物种类丰富度、多样性都高于连续放牧，群落内种群数量结构关系比连续放牧复杂，群落植物均匀度下降幅度小于连续放牧。     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1988

In late November 1988, 1581 small and mixed animal clinics and institutional veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1988, and 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 181,577 dogs were blood-tested for heartworm disease and 367 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 60 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1988 as 441 (0.24%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1985

In late December 1985, 1485 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1985 and 44% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 137,300 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1210 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 36 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number diagnosed in 1985 as 1247 (0.91%).

Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland and Saskatchewan but most (1126) of the cases were in Ontario. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. From Quebec, 91 cases were reported mostly from and around Montreal. From Manitoba, 19 cases were reported from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 28% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 78% had a history of not having left Canada.

     

Scrapie in goats in Cyprus

Ovine scrapie was first recorded in Cyprus in 1985. Subsequently four dairy goats kept in two mixed flocks with affected sheep developed characteristic clinical signs similar to those seen in sheep. Fifteen goats from the two flocks were examined histologically and neurological lesions consistent with a diagnosis of scrapie were found in the four animals and in three others which had subsequently developed early neurological signs. These lesions were similar to those of naturally-affected sheep although neuronal degeneration and vacuolation were more severe in some cases.     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1983

In late December 1983, 2 800 veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of heartworm disease in Canada in 1983 and 26% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 59 504 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 771 dogs (1.30% of those tested) were found with Dirofilaria immitis. Heartworm disease was diagnosed in all provinces except New Brunswick and Newfoundland but most (733) of the cases were in Ontario.

Heartworm disease was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 31% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 64% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continues to be the focus of the infection and most of the dogs there had not left the province previously.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1984

In late December 1984, 1853 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1984 and 35% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 97,794 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1417 dogs (1.45% of those tested) were found with heartworm. Another 34 dogs were amicrofilaremic, but were diagnosed as having heartworm disease, to give the total number diagnosed in 1984 as 1451 (1.48%). Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland but most (1310) of the cases were in Ontario. In Quebec, 126 cases were reported mostly from west of Montreal.

Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 27% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 72% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1989

In late November 1989, 1732 clinics and institutional veterinarians were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis, and 51.7% responded. Of 247,716 dogs tested, 394 had D. immitis microfilariae and 51 were amicrofilaremic for a total of 445 cases and heartworm prevalence of 0.17%. Most (408) of these dogs had no preventive medication and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 1.01%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Thirty-seven dogs with heartworm had preventive medication. Heartworm was most frequent in companion dogs over three years of age maintained outdoors in rural areas. About 75% of the cases had never left Canada, 26% had clinical signs and 125 were not treated.

Heartworm was reported from British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, but 383 cases were in Ontario. South-western Ontario was the primary focus of infection. There were 33 cases in Quebec and 24 in Manitoba, mainly found in and around Metropolitan Montreal and Winnipeg respectively.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1987

In late November 1987, 1246 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1987, and 50% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 165,428 dogs were blood tested for heartworm disease and 511 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 78 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1987 as 589 (0.35%).