复合氨化麦秸饲喂肉牛效果的研究

为评价普通氨化、盐水复合氨化、造纸废液复合氨化麦秸饲喂肉牛的效果，先后进行了６０天饲养试验及常规消化试验。饲养试验用改良公牛５４头，按随机区组设计分为两个试验组合，６个组，即精料按体重１％投喂的普通氨化麦秸组（对照１）、盐水复合氨化麦秸组（试验１），造纸废液复合氨化麦秸组（试验２）；和精料按体重１．４％投喂的相对应的３个组：对照２、试验３、试验４。各组牛自由采食秸秆，ＶＡ每头每天１００００Ｉｕ。试验结果表明：麦秸经复合氨化其含氮量较普通氨化提高６－１３％；肉牛采食每ｋｇ秸秆干物质时间明显缩短；每１００ｋｇ体重采食干物质量显著增加，对２、试验３、试验４分别为２．２２，２．３５和２．４７ｋｇ（Ｐ＜０．０１）；对照１组，试验１组，试验２组；对照２组，试验３组，试验４组各组日增重分别为０．７６２，０．９３６，０．９４７；０．７６１，１．０８４，１．１７５ｋｇ（Ｐ＜０．０１）；秸秆粗纤维表观消化率分别为４７．６８、５０．４３和６６．２７％（Ｐ＜０．０１）；秸秆有机物表观消化率分别为５１．７７、５５．１４、５７．６７％；试验组每ｋｇ增重所耗ＮＥｇ和ＣＰ者显著低于相应对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５），秸秆利用率显著提高。在各项测定?     

日粮中添加经药物处理后的鸡粪饲养肉鸡效果观察

用２００只出壳艾维菌雏茵雏鸡随机平均分为４组，进行为期４９天的饲养试验。在试验中，对照组喂给基础日粮，试验１组用９５％基础日粮＋５％处理鸡粪，试验２组用９２％基础日粮＋８％处理鸡粪，试验３组用９０％基础日粮＋１０％处理鸡粪。结果表明：各组总增重（试验１组８１．２８ｋｇ，试验２组８４．２１ｋｇ，试验３组８０．２３ｋｇ，对照组８１．２５ｋｇ）无显著差异（Ｐ〉０．０５）；饲料报酬（试１组２．１６：１，试２组２．０５：１，试３组２．１４：１，对照组２．０９：１）组间无显著差异（Ｐ〉０．０５），试１、２、３组及对照组的死亡率分别为１０％、０、１０％、４％，组间差异显著（Ｐ〈０．０５）；经济效益（每千克毛鸡成本试验各组与对照组分别为３．６８元、３．４２元、３．５１元、３．７３元），以试２组为好。     

日粮中添加芒硝对生长育肥猪的增重效果

在育肥猪日粮中，添加０．２％、０．４％和０．６％芒硝的试验１、２、３组，试验全期日增重分别为６３１克、６５８克和６４４克，对照组６０３克，试验２、３组与对照组差异显著，试验１组与对照线差异不显著。饲料报酬试验１、２、３组比对照组分别提高２．９％、５．８％和４．６％，经济效益分别提高５．８％、１０．７和３％。     

花生饼、粕鸡猪氨基酸真消化率的测定

本试验采用猪回直肠吻合法及“ＴＭＥ”改良法,分别测定了猪鸡对花生饼、粕的氨基酸真消化率（ＴＤＡＡ） 。结果表明：鸡的花生饼、粕ＴＤＡＡ 值相近。其中Ｌｙｓ 的ＴＤＡＡ 分别为８６ ．２ ％ 和８８ ．８ ％ ,为最低者：Ａｒｇ 的ＴＤＡＡ 分别为９６ ．２ ％ 和９７ ．１ ％ ,为最高者。花生饼、粕猪ＴＤＡＡ 中Ｌｙｓ 、Ｍｅｔ、Ｔｈｒ 较低,分别为８４ ．４ ％ 和８１ ．９ ％ ;８４ ．９ ％ 和８４ ．１ ％ ;８４ ．３ ％ 和８２ ．３ ％ 。精氨酸ＴＤＡＡ 最高,分别为９７ ．０ ％ 和９６ ．４ ％ 。     

偏重亚硫酸钠钝化生豆粕胰蛋白酶抑制因子的研究

试验用不同浓度的Ｎａ２Ｓ２Ｏ５处理生豆粕，进行适宜水平研究。结果表明，当生豆粕ＴＩＡ和ＵＡ分别为２９．７２酶活单位和１．９５△ｐＨ时，分别用０．３％、０．４％、０．５％和０．６％ＮａＳ２Ｏ５处理ＲＳＢＭ，ＴＩＡ依次降低了５１．８％、５５．９６％、５９．８３％和５２．０５％，均极显著地低于ＲＳＢＭ（Ｐ＜０．０１）。０．３％Ｎａ２Ｓ２Ｏ５对ＵＡ无影响，其它处理ＵＡ提高约０．０６△ｐＨ。     

集约化猪场断奶仔猪饲料应用研究

将４０头体重相近的杜长大断奶仔猪随机分成４组，分别喂以１＃料（天津正大仔猪料、第１组）、２＃料（天津正大仔猪料加０．１％复合酶，第２组）、３＃料（天津正大仔猪料加０．１％复合酶，再加１６０ｇ多维素／１吨料，第３组）；４＃料（天津正大仔猪料加０．１％复合酶、１６０ｇ多维素／１吨料、２ｋｇＺｎＳＯ４·７Ｈ２Ｏ／１吨料，第４组），进行饲养对比试验。结果是：１、２、３、４组试验末重分别为１６．８９±０．９６ｋｇ、１６．７０±０．８２ｋｇ、１９．０９±０．９９ｋｇ、１９．２１±０．８７ｋｇ，经方差分析，组间差异极显著Ｐ＜０．０１，料肉比分别为１．６１：１，２．１０：１，１．７９：１，１．６７：１。经济效益分析结果表明４组最好，３组次之，１组又次之，２组最差     

奶牛日粮添加保护性氨基酸产奶量和经济效益显著提高

选择２～３胎、２～４泌乳月、日产奶２７～３６千克泌乳牛１２头，按产奶量高低配对分成试验１组、试验２组和对照组，每组４头。试验１组日粮中添加保护性赖氨酸７克、蛋氨酸１５克；试验２组日粮中添加同等剂量的普通赖氨酸、蛋氨酸；对照组日粮中不添加氨基酸。３组日粮组成和营养水平全相同，在试验全过程中保持一致。通过４２天的集中饲养奶牛试验，试验１组比试验２组和对照组头日增产牛奶２．４５千克和２．８８千克，头日增加牛奶产值３．４３元和４．０３元，头日净增效益３．０２无和３．００元，投入产出比分别为１：８．４和１：３．９；试验２组比对照组头日增产牛奶０．４３千克，头日增加牛奶产值０．６元，头日净增效益－０．０２元，投入产出比为１：０．７９。结果表明，奶牛日粮添加保护性赖氨酸和蛋氨酸能显著提高产奶量，可获得显著经济效益，而添加普通氨基酸增产效果和经济效益不明显。     

葛叶粉饲喂农养肉猪试验

在山区农家饲养肉猪日粮中添加５、１０、１５、２０％的葛叶粉。结果表明：添加５％葛叶粉的不同处理的试验１、２、３组日增重分别为４８３、５１２、４９６克，与农养常规对照组４９８克之间差异均不显著（Ｐ＞０．０５）。试验２组同１０％葛叶粉的试验４组４５７克间差异明显（Ｐ＜０．０５），与１５％、２０％葛叶粉的对应试验５组４０２克、试验６组３３９克间差异均极显著（Ｐ＜０．０１）。试验４组同对照组比虽日增重低８．２％，但差异不显著（Ｐ＞０．０５）。试验５、６组与对照组、试验１、３组间差异均极显著（Ｐ＜０．０１），且该两组彼此存在明显差别（Ｐ＜０．０５）。在饲料报酬、日采食量上，对照组与试验１、２、３组间均无显著差别（Ｐ＞０．０５）。试验４组在饲料报酬上与对照组、试验２、３组间分别有明显差异（Ｐ＜０．０１），试验５组与对照组、试验１、２、３、４、６组间皆存有显著差别（Ｐ＜０．０５），试验６组同对照组、试验１、２、３组间都是差异极明显（Ｐ＜０．０１）。饲料适口性以试验２组最好，其次为对照组、试验３组，试验５、６组最差。     

磷酸盐含氟量对肉仔鸡的影响

１磷酸盐不同含氟量饲养肉仔鸡试验１．１试验方法１．１．１试验鸡群　选用同批次ＡＡ肉仔鸡１２０只，公母混养，进行０周龄～８周龄饲养试验。１．１．２试验设计采用单因子３水平、４重复试验设计。１．１．３饲粮营养水平　０周龄～４周龄日粮代谢能为１２．２７ＭＪ／ｋｇ，粗蛋白质２０．４８％，Ｃａ０．９８％，Ｐ０．６１％，添加油脂１．５％；５周龄～８周龄日粮代谢能１３．１７ＭＪ／ｋｇ，粗蛋白质１８．９４％，Ｃａ１．０３％，Ｐ０．５８％，添加油脂２．０％。采用含氟０．０７６％、Ｃａ３２．１９％，Ｐ１３．６０％的…     

氯化钾对高温下肉仔鸡能量和蛋白质利用的影响

试验用２８日龄艾维茵肉仔鸡１２０只，随机分成四组（１、２、３、４），各组饮水中添加氯化钾（ＫＣｌ），其浓度分别为０、０．１８％、０．２６％、０．３４％。试验鸡会温度控制在３４±１℃，试验期为１周，进行了饲养试验、代谢试验和比较屠宰试验。结果表明：能量的沉积和利用率处理组高于１组，尤其是４组显著高于１组（Ｐ＜０．０１），并高于２、３组（Ｐ＜０．０５）；粗蛋白的沉积及其沉积率处理组高于１组，胴体粗蛋白的沉积和利用率２组高于１、３、４组（Ｐ＜０．０５）。因此，饮水中加入０．３４％ＫＣｌ可提高肉仔鸡在高温下对能量的利用率，０．１８％ＫＣｌ则提高其对粗蛋白的利用率。     

肉仔鸡低钙磷日粮添加植酸酶的研究

选取160只1日龄AA肉仔鸡,随机分成4组,研究在低钙、磷日粮和正常钙、磷日粮中添加植酸酶对肉仔鸡生产性能及钙、磷利用的影响。结果表明：植酸酶显著提高了肉仔鸡的日增重和采食量,并且以采食低钙、磷加酶日粮的肉仔鸡增重效果最为明显（P＜0．01）;显著降低了采食低钙、磷日粮肉仔鸡的料重比（P＜0．05）。采食低钙、磷加酶日粮肉仔鸡的胫骨灰分、钙含量和血清总钙、无机磷浓度显著提高（P＜0．05）;但采食正常钙、磷加酶日粮肉仔鸡上述胫骨与血清指标变化不大,表明植酸酶促进了肉仔鸡对低钙、磷日粮中钙和磷的吸收利用。     

Protein requirement of fast- and slow-growing chicks

1. Responses of male broiler chicks and male chicks of an egg-laying stock to dietary crude protein (CP) concentrations ranging from 167 to 251 g/kg (metabolisable energy content 13 MJ/kg) were compared from 0 to 21 d of age, using 20 groups of 9 or 10 chicks (5 diets x 2 stocks x 2 replicates). 2. Average growth rate in the broilers was three times that of the layer chicks. The broilers needed at least 251 g CP/kg to maximise their liveweight gain but the layer chicks needed only about 188 g CP/kg. 3. The broiler chicks ate less than twice as much food as the layers and their maximum gain/food ratio was 0.6 compared with 0.4 for the layer chicks. These maximum efficiencies of conversion of food to liveweight were achieved in both cases with a diet containing 230 g CP/kg. 4. The efficiency of protein utilisation (above maintenance) was the same in fast- and slow-growing genotypes (about 0.47 g protein gain/g protein consumed). 5. Carcase analysis at 3 weeks of age showed that the broilers had deposited more fat than the layers and that protein content of the diet had markedly influenced fat deposition in both stocks. Fat in the whole body increased from 29 to 87 g/kg in the layer chicks and from 81 to 123 g/kg in the broilers as dietary protein was reduced from 251 to 167 g/kg. 6. The optimum protein to energy ratio of a chick starter diet will depend on the growth potential of the stock, as well as the cost of ingredients and the value of fatter or leaner carcases.     

肽对肉鸡生长性能的影响及其生理机理研究

将1日龄爱维因公肉仔鸡150只,随机分为3处理,每处理5重复,每重复10只鸡,3处理肉鸡分别采食按IICP(1994)理想蛋白模式配制的肽、酪蛋白和游离氨基酸日粮,试验期3周。结果表明:肽组和酪蛋白组肉鸡分别比氨基酸组增重提高44.14%和37.35%,酪蛋白组料肉比分别比肽组和氨基酸组降低12.484%和11.294%。肽组和酪蛋白组肉鸡体内干物质含量分别比氨基酸组提高9.88%和10.32%(P<0.05);干物质中氮含量,肽组和酪蛋白组肉鸡分别显著(P<0.05)或极显著(P<0.01)低于氨基酸组;干物质中脂肪含量,肽组和酪蛋白组极显著高于氨基酸组(P<0.01)。肽组日粮氮和能量沉积率分别比氨基酸组高5.22%和11.40%,酪蛋白组日粮氮和能量沉积率比肽组高7.19%和19.91%,酪蛋白组血清胆固醇和甘油三酯含量分别比肽组高17.82%和28.21%,比氨基酸组高13.78%和73.88%,肽组甘油三酯含量比氨基酸组高35.62%。酪蛋白组肉鸡血清中高、低密度脂蛋白显著(P<0.01)大于肽组和氨基酸组,肽组和氨基酸组血清尿酸含量显著(P<0.05)大于酪蛋白组。酪蛋白组的丙氨酸转氨酶活性极显著大于氨基酸组(P<0.01);肽组和酪蛋白组肉鸡生长激素含量显著(P<0.05)或极显著(P<0.01)大于氨基酸组。     

Influences of wet feeding and supplementation with ascorbic acid on performance and carcass composition of broiler chicks exposed to a high ambient temperature.

In two experiments was investigated whether feeding with an air-dry feed mixed with different amounts of water and/or supplemental ascorbic acid affect performance and carcass compositions of broilers exposed to a high ambient temperature (35 to 37 degrees C for 8 h/d and thermoneutral for 16 h/d). In the first trial, 64 one-week-old male broiler chicks were fed ad libitum in four dietary treatment groups for a 6-week period. Experimental mash diets were prepared by mixing a maize-soybean based standard broiler starter or finisher with tap water in the ratios of 0.0:1.0, 0.5:1.0, 1.0:1.0 and 1.5:1.0 (water:air-dry feed, w/w). More water in the diet increased BWG, DMI, abdominal fat and carcass weight, carcass CP, crude fat, but it deteriorated DM conversion efficiency. In the second experiment, 64 one-week-old male broiler chicks were given air-dry or wet (water:feed, 1.5:1) starter or finisher diets without or with ascorbic acid supplementation (0 and 250 mg/kg air-dry feed, resp.) ad libitum for a 6-week period. Ascorbic acid supplementation increased BWG, carcass weight and carcass CP significantly, while reducing carcass crude fat content. However, feeding broilers with a diet mixed with water in a ratio of 1.5:1.0 increased BWG, DMI, carcass weight and carcass lipid markedly, but deteriorated DM conversion efficiency. There was also a significant interaction between ascorbic acid and wet feeding, whereby ascorbic acid supplementation induced a significant reduction in carcass lipid contents of broilers fed on air-dry diets but not on wet diets. It is concluded that wet feeding, especially an addition of 150% water to produce a porridge like consistency, improved growth performance by increasing fat, ash and protein deposition in the body, while reducing DM conversion efficiency. It is also concluded that under heat stress supplemental ascorbic acid in air-dry diets stimulates broiler performance but not in wet diets.     

含硫氨基酸与铜对肉鸡胫骨软骨发育不良的影响

研究日粮过量含硫氨基酸 （ 简称 Ｓ Ａ Ａ , 为推荐量的１５ 倍） 与高铜 （８８６６ ｍｇ／ｋｇ , 为推荐量的１０ 倍） 对肉鸡胫骨软骨发育不良 （ Ｔ Ｄ） 的影响。试验采用半纯合饲粮 （ 含 Ｃｕ ０６６ ｍｇ／ｋｇ） , 试验处理分为正常 Ｓ Ａ Ａ 与 Ｃｕ 组, 高 Ｓ Ａ Ａ 与正常 Ｃｕ 组, 正常 Ｓ Ａ Ａ 与高 Ｃｕ 组和高 Ｓ Ａ Ａ 与高 Ｃｕ 组,试验期２１ ｄ 。结果： 过量 Ｓ Ａ Ａ 降低肉鸡体重、饲料转化率、骨灰、肝 Ｃｕ 、胰 Ｃｕ （ Ｐ ＜ ００１ 或 Ｐ ＜ ００５） , 增加胫骨长度 （ Ｐ ＜ ００５） , 诱发 Ｔ Ｄ发病率升高 （ Ｐ ＜ ００１） , Ｔ Ｄ 指数显著上升 （ Ｐ ＜ ００５） 。高 Ｃｕ 日粮增加肝 Ｃｕ 、肾 Ｃｕ 沉积 （ Ｐ ＜ ００１ 或 Ｐ ＜ ００５） , 提高饲料转化率 （ Ｐ ＜００５） , 但不诱发肉鸡 Ｔ Ｄ 发病率增加。添加高 Ｃｕ 对过量 Ｓ Ａ Ａ 致肉鸡 Ｔ Ｄ 发病率上升无减缓作用, 适宜的 Ｓ Ａ Ａ 和 Ｃｕ 水平是促进肉鸡生长、降低肉鸡 Ｔ Ｄ 发病率的重要限制因素之一。     

粗酶制剂添加于大麦日粮中对鸡生长和血液生化值的影响

选择７日龄蛋用雏鸡和１日龄肉用仔鸡,研究大麦日粮中添加粗酶制剂对鸡生长和血液生化值的影响。结果表明：（１）添加粗酶制剂于大麦日粮可明显提高鸡的增重（Ｐ＜０．０５）和饲料转化率;（２）大麦日粮添加粗酶制剂可提高鸡血清总蛋白水平（Ｐ＜０．０５）,同时可提高肉用仔鸡血清甘油三酯水平（Ｐ＜０．０１）;（３）大麦日粮,添加酶制剂使蛋用雏鸡尿酸水平明显提高（Ｐ＜０．０５）,却使肉用仔鸡尿酸水平明显降低（Ｐ＜０．０５）。此结果提示,粗酶制剂可提高鸡对大麦日粮的营养吸收能力,促进鸡的生长,但蛋用雏鸡和肉用仔鸡对蛋白质或氨基酸的利用率不同。     

Effect of dietary Moringa oleifera leaves on the performance,ileal microbiota and antioxidative status of broiler chickens

In this study, we investigated the effect of Moringa oleifera leaves (MOL) supplements on the performance, ileal microbiota carcass traits and biochemical and antioxidant parameters of broiler chickens. MOL was added to starter, grower and finisher diets at four levels (0%, 0.5%, 1.0% and 5.0%). A total of 320 one-day-old mixed-sex Cobb-500 broiler chicks were divided equally into four treatment groups, with 5 replicates of 16 chicks each until 42 days of age. Compared to the control group, chicks fed 0.5% and 1% MOL exhibited a higher final body weight (FBW), greater weight gain (BWG), and better average daily gain (ADG). Feed intake (FI) gradually decreased as the inclusion rate of MOL in the broilers' diet increased to 5%. The best feed conversion ratio (FCR), protein efficiency ratio (PER) and performance index (PI) were observed in broilers that were fed the MOL diet. The percentage of abdominal fat in broilers decreased significantly in response to dietary supplementation with MOL. The haematological profile in the MOL group revealed a lower WBC count and lymphocyte percentage but higher heterophil and H/L ratio without affecting haemoglobin and RBC count. The inclusion of MOL increased total serum protein, Ca and P levels but decreased glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, AST and ALT concentrations. Moreover, dietary MOL increased the activities of GSH, CAT and SOD, GPx and GST while decreasing the TBARS level. The pH value decreased in the ileum of broilers fed the 1% and 5% MOL diet compared to the other treatments. Decreased ileal counts of E. coli, Salmonella and Staphylococcus spp. were observed whereas the total ileal Lactobacillus spp. count increased in broilers fed the MOL diet. In conclusion, the MOL supplement can enhance growth performance and antioxidant status, alter ileal microbiota and protect against enteropathogens with no deleterious effects on the broiler chickens.     

复合型植物提取物对三黄鸡肉品质的影响

本试验旨在研究日粮中添加不同比例的复合型植物提取物对三黄鸡肉品质的影响。试验选用1日龄,健康、初始体重为29.21 g的三黄鸡公鸡240只,随机分4组,每组10个重复,每个重复6只鸡。A组饲喂基础日粮,B、C、D组在基础日粮中分别添加0.01%、0.02%、0.04%的植物提取物。饲养至70日龄时进行屠宰试验,分别取胸肌、腿肌,测定物理指标、化学指标、氨基酸含量、脂肪酸含量。结果表明:与对照组相比,饲料中添加0.02%的植物提取物能够提高肌肉pH、粗蛋白比例(P0.05),降低肌肉脂肪(P0.05),但对肌肉剪切力无显著差异(P0.05);增加肌肉中苏氨酸、谷氨酸、甘氨酸、亮氨酸、必需氨基酸、呈味氨基酸、总氨基酸含量(P0.05);提高腿肌中饱和脂肪酸、不饱和脂肪酸、必需脂肪酸含量(P0.05)。综合分析,在饲料中添加0.02%的植物提取物能显著改善肌肉风味,提高肌肉品质。     

饲用金霉素对肉仔鸡免疫系统生长发育及免疫反应的研究

试验用１日龄ＡＡ商品代肉用公雏５４０只,随机分成３组,每组１８０只,分成１２个重复（１５只／重复）,其中６个重复用作生产性能测定,另６个重复用于测定免疫学指标。在日粮中分别添加０（Ａ组）、５０（Ｂ组）、１５０ｍｇ／ｋｇ（Ｃ组）的金霉素（Ｃｈｌｏｒｔｅｔｒａｃｙｃｌｉｎｅ,ＣＴＣ）。试验表明：（１）在肉久日粮中添加１５０ｍｇ／ｋｇ ＣＴＣ,可以显著地提高肉伍鸡的增重速率和饲料转化效率（Ｐ〈０．０１）     

日粮烟酸水平对肉仔鸡生长及组织烟酰胺、辅酶I(NAD)含量的影响

AA肉仔鸡360只,设5个处理,各处理在饲喂相同的基础日粮条件下,分别添加烟酸0、15、30、60和120mg/kg。 试验结果表明,组织烟酰胺含量与日粮烟酸水平呈正相关,而组织辅酶1(NAD)含量则良好地反映了鸡的生产性能的高低,二者均为评价肉仔鸡烟酸营养的重要指标。在日粮色氨酸、烟酸含量分别为0.22～0.25％和25.8～28.3mg/kg条件下,肉仔鸡日粮烟酸添加量以60mg/kg为宜。