亚硒酸钠维生素E和左旋咪唑防治奶牛隐性乳房炎试验

据作者统计，奶牛隐性乳房炎有25％～30％可转为临床发病，造成较大的损失，放对隐性乳房炎一定要进行防治。坦奶牛隐性乳房炎的发生是由多种因素造成的，放对其防治也有多种手段，药物防治是手段之一。目前报道的防治奶牛隐性乳房炎的药物较多，但有些由于有抗生素残留而影响经济效益，有些因方法问题而不适于大群防治。为此，作者于1998年2～7月，选择亚硒酸钠维生素E（简称硒E粉）和左旋咪叹这二种药物对奶牛隐性乳房炎进行了防治试验。1材料与方法1．1检查及防治对象：广州某黑白花奶牛场27O头泌乳牛。1．2检查方法及到定标准：用CMT…     

维生素E和硒防治奶牛乳房炎及繁殖疾病的研究

采用维生素Ｅ和硒混饲投服的方法，对８７头中国荷斯坦奶牛进行了乳房炎和其它繁殖疾病的防治试验研究。结果表明，维生素Ｅ和硒对降低奶牛临床型乳房炎和流产的发病率效果显著；而对隐性乳房炎、胎衣不下和产后子宫感染的发病率影响不明显。     

不同免疫增效剂对奶牛隐性乳房炎防治效果的对比试验

奶牛隐性乳房炎不表现临床症状,发病率高,乳品质降低,一般隐性乳房炎乳区泌乳量可降低10%～15%,不仅影响奶牛养殖业的经济效益,而且也给公共食品安全带来隐患。笔者用不同免疫增效剂(盐酸左旋咪唑和蓝环清)对奶牛隐性乳房炎进行预防效果对比试验,旨在为临床防治隐性乳房炎筛选无抗生素残留的理想药物。     

干乳期补充钙、亚硒酸钠维生素E对预防奶牛产后疾病和提高繁殖率的研究

奶牛产后瘫痪、乳房炎及产后泛情不排卵等是影响奶牛正常生产和繁殖生产性能的重要因素。近年来，为了预防和降低成年奶牛产后瘫痪、乳房炎的发病率，进一步提高能繁母牛的繁殖率，我们于１９９９年３月－７月间，对奶牛专业村农户饲养的成年奶牛，采取了干乳期给奶牛补充钙、亚硒酸钠维生素E的措施，对预防奶牛产后瘫痪、乳房炎、胎衣不下等病及提高奶牛繁殖率均取得了明显效果，现将试验情况总结如下。１．药品：市售１０％葡萄糖酸钙、亚硒酸钠维生素E粉（每袋１００g，每g含亚硒酸钠０．４mg、维生素E１０IU）。２．试验动物及用药方…     

康贝防治奶牛隐性乳房炎疗效观察及对乳汁体细胞数的影响

奶牛乳房炎的研究至今已有100多年的历史,虽然取得一些令人可喜的成果,但奶牛乳房炎仍是当今奶牛场的常发病和难以防治的疾病之一.特别是奶牛隐性乳房炎,由于无明显的临床症状,隐蔽性强,发病率高,主要影响奶牛泌乳量和乳汁的质量,造成严重损失,是影响世界乳业发展的重要因素之一.奶牛隐性乳房炎在我国发病率较高,据笔者调查表明,河北省部分地区奶牛隐性乳房炎发病率高,乳区阳性率为40.1%,头阳性率为68.45%,这与其他学者报道相符[1、2、3].自1945年抗生素应用到兽医临床上以来,奶牛乳房炎的防治有了重大突破.但是由于抗生素的滥用,致使病原抗药性增强,且高药物残留等问题一直是困扰兽医工作人员的难题.因此寻求一种高效、绿色、简便易行的防制奶牛隐性乳房炎的方法一直是兽医科技人员的研究热点.康贝是一种生物活性制剂,不含有任何激素及抗生素.本试验的目的在于试验研究康贝对奶牛隐性乳房炎的防治作用,试验包括康贝防治奶牛隐性乳房炎疗效观察、康贝对奶牛血液流变学指标的影响及康贝清除氧自由基试验等内容,现将康贝防治奶牛隐性乳房炎疗效及对乳汁体细胞的影响做一初报,其他内容另文发表.     

维生素E与硒对奶牛乳房炎的影响

奶牛乳房炎是危害奶牛最常见的疾病之一。全世界约有２．２亿头奶牛，其中约１／３的奶牛患各种类型的乳房炎。据报道，美国每年因奶牛乳房炎造成的损失达２０亿美元，而我国奶牛乳房炎的发病率则高于世界平均水平。奶牛乳房炎造成的损失约７０％是由隐性乳房炎引起的，我国每年因隐性乳房炎造成的损失约达１．３５亿元人民币。乳房炎不仅影响奶牛产奶量，而且影响乳的品质，危害人类健康，其防治问题已日益为人们所关注。１维手素E对奶牛免疫的影响维生素E是免疫系统所必需的。维生素E是天然的抗氧化剂，是体内的自由基清除剂，重要的脂…     

中药防治奶牛乳房炎的研究与应用：中药防治奶牛乳房炎的研究进展

奶牛乳房炎不仅严重影响乳牛的利用年限、产乳量乳品质量，而且有害于食品卫生和人类健康据袁永隆调查，我国临床型乳房炎发病率平均为33.41％，隐性乳炎平均阳性率为73.91％，乳室患病率为44.74％；使用抗素治疗奶牛乳房炎虽然取得了一定成效，但是，由于耐性和抗生素残留对畜产品公共卫生的影响，寻求改进和代抗生素的药物成为专家关注的焦点，而中药在治疗奶乳房炙方面具有独特的优势，为此本刊特组织了本期技术专题——中药防治奶牛乳房炎的研究与应用。[编者按]     

中药复方对奶牛隐性乳房炎的防治效果

目前，全世界约有2．2亿头奶牛，1／3左右患乳房炎，其中临床乳房炎约占2％～3％，其余均为隐性乳房炎。隐性乳房炎不表现临床症状，必须借助生化检验或细菌检查方可查出，不仅影响奶牛的产奶量和奶品质，还易转变为临床型乳房炎，给养牛业造成严重的经济损失。据报道，感染牛平均每年奶产量下降约380kg，临床型乳房炎仅占整个乳房炎经济损失的30％，而隐性型则占70％。近年来因长期使用抗菌药物，细菌耐药性增强，给治疗带来困难，而且药物残留超标，危害人类健康。中药是天然物质，安全可靠，毒副作用低，不易产生抗药性和残留，且兼有营养和药效双重功效。因此研究中药防治乳房炎，已成为健康发展乳业的热点。     

亚硒酸钠维生素E、维生素E对奶牛繁殖效应的影响

<正> 产后胎衣不下是长期困扰奶牛繁殖的一大障碍,造成胎衣滞留的因素很复杂,国内外对此做了大量的研究。一些学者认为硒和维生素E的缺乏会影响子宫肌的生理功能,这种生理功能的异常致使胎衣停滞或因损害精子在子宫内的转送而引起受精率的降低。Vallet,Jimenez分别报道了产前注射α-生育酚醋酸盐(维生素E)和亚硒酸钠有防治乳牛胎衣不下,乳房炎的作用。黄克和等通过对乳牛血液的抽样调查表明,我场母牛血液中硒含量处于正常值水平(0.093±0.023ppm),然而胎衣不下各年均有发生。本试验目的在于了解奶牛在硒处于平衡状态下硒和维生素E对繁殖应答的效应。为此进行产前注射亚硒酸钠维生素E和维生素E的试验,现将结果报告如下:     

中药对奶牛隐性乳房炎疗效观察

为了防治奶牛乳房炎,增强奶牛抗病能力,减少或避免抗生素残留,提高牛奶质量,笔者等通过在奶牛日粮中添加中药对奶牛隐性乳房炎进行防治试验,现将试验结果报道如下。1材料与方法1.1材料1.1.1试验奶牛白银市白银区某奶牛场检测为荷斯坦（黑白花）产奶隐性乳房炎或慢性乳房炎患牛,平均质量（600±151）kg。     

Comparison of in vitro and in situ methods in evaluation of forage digestibility in ruminants

The objective of this study was to compare the application of different in vitro and in situ methods in empirical and mechanistic predictions of in vivo OM digestibility (OMD) and their associations to near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy spectra for a variety of forages. Apparent in vivo OMD of silages made from alfalfa (n = 2), corn (n = 9), corn stover (n = 2), grass (n = 11), whole crops of wheat and barley (n = 8) and red clover (n = 7), and fresh alfalfa (n = 1), grass hays (n = 5), and wheat straws (n = 5) had previously been determined in sheep. Concentrations of indigestible NDF (iNDF) in all forage samples were determined by a 288-h ruminal in situ incubation. Gas production of isolated forage NDF was measured by in vitro incubations for 72 h. In vitro pepsin-cellulase OM solubility (OMS) of the forages was determined by a 2-step gravimetric digestion method. Samples were also subjected to a 2-step determination of in vitro OMD based on buffered rumen fluid and pepsin. Further, rumen fluid digestible OM was determined from a single 96-h incubation at 38°C. Digestibility of OM from the in situ and the in vitro incubations was calculated according to published empirical equations, which were either forage specific or general (1 equation for all forages) within method. Indigestible NDF was also used in a mechanistic model to predict OMD. Predictions of OMD were evaluated by residual analysis using the GLM procedure in SAS. In vitro OMS in a general prediction equation of OMD did not display a significant forage-type effect on the residuals (observed - predicted OMD; P = 0.10). Predictions of OMD within forage types were consistent between iNDF and the 2-step in vitro method based on rumen fluid. Root mean square error of OMD was least (0.032) when the prediction was based on a general forage equation of OMS. However, regenerating a simple regression for iNDF by omitting alfalfa and wheat straw reduced the root mean square error of OMD to 0.025. Indigestible NDF in a general forage equation predicted OMD without any bias (P ≥ 0.16), and root mean square error of prediction was smallest among all methods when alfalfa and wheat straw samples were excluded. Our study suggests that compared with the in vitro laboratory methods, iNDF used in forage-specific equations will improve overall predictions of forage in vivo OMD. The in vitro and in situ methods performed equally well in calibrations of iNDF or OMD by near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy.     

大庆市羊东毕吸虫病流行病学调查

对大庆市羊东毕吸虫病的流行病学进行了调查研究。结果表明，大庆有3种东毕吸虫，即程氏东毕吸虫（O.cheni)、土耳其斯坦东毕吸虫（O.turkestanica)和土耳斯坦东毕吸虫结节变种（O.turkestanican var.thuberculata)；中间宿主螺类有1种，即卵萝卜螺；东毕吸虫病在大庆分布很广，所调查的4区2县均有发生，羊东毕吸虫平均感染率分别为50．33％，平均死亡率为21．12％，大庆羊急性病例发病时间为8月上旬至10月下旬，慢性病例为11月上旬至翌年2月中旬。     

中国圈养野生动物疫苗使用调查

2005年对中国动物园协会单位中的18家动物园饲养野生动物疫苗免疫情况进行调查。受调查动物园在野生动物疫苗使用和动物种类方面具有一定的代表性。调查结果显示动物园动物现共使用18类36种疫苗,预防31种疫病。其中哺乳动物使用14类24种疫苗,预防24种疫病;禽类使用4类12种疫苗,预防7种疫病。使用范围最广的有禽流感、犬瘟热疫苗等、新城疫疫苗、猫瘟热疫苗等。共有24目58科动物接种疫苗,其中食肉动物类1目8科,食草动物类3目9科,杂食动物类2目3科,禽类18目38科。研究结果提示应加强动物园之间疫病信息交流、防疫资源的利用、疫病监测和研究,加大对动物园动物疫病的研究投入,逐步建立动物园动物统一的防疫规程。     

ELISA试验在防制猪伪狂犬病中的应用

猪伪狂犬病是由伪狂病病毒(Pseudorabies virus PRV)引起的急性传染病。其特征是成年猪常为隐性感染，可有流产、死胎、呼吸系统症状，新生仔猪除神经症状外还可侵害消化系统，并伴大批死亡。本病已经给全世界的养猪业造成严重的损失，我国许多地区已报道该病。为进一步探讨该病的控制、净化措施，我们对12个养猪场共856分血清采用美国嗍公司的ELISA试剂盒进行了抗体检测。     

Use of cyclocryotherapy in management of glaucoma in dogs

In 5 cases of glaucoma (2 from trauma, 2 from narrowed drainage angles, 1 secondary to lens extraction), cyclocryotherapy was used to control intraocular pressure. In all cases the intraocular pressure decreased, with the usual result being a cosmetic and painless but blind eye.     

Estimate of economic impact of fowl cholera in turkeys in Georgia in 1986

Information gathered from cases of fowl cholera (FC) in commercial turkey flocks through case records, flock records, and telephone and mail surveys was used to estimate disease costs. The cost to the Georgia commercial turkey industry in 1986 from preventive measures, treatment of outbreaks, and production losses from the disease was estimated at $634,545. The cost of FC per kg of live production was estimated to be $0.015.     

Occurrence of MRSA in pigs and in humans involved in pig production--preliminary results of a study in the northwest of Germany

In 2007, 678 pigs of all age groups out of 347 different farms from Lower Saxony and Northrhine-Westphalia and 86 persons occupationally exposed to pigs were investigated for their nasal colonisation with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus areus (MRSA) by the Field Station for Epidemiology of the University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover and the Robert Koch-Institute. At the individual animal level, a frequency of positive results of 13% (n = 85 positive animals) and at the herd level, a frequency of positive results of 18% (n = 62 positive herds) were found. All isolates were assigned to the Multilocus Sequence Typing Type ST398. Within MRSA-positive herds, there were more MRSA-negative than MRSA-positive animals. Among the occupationally exposed persons (veterinarians, laboratory personnel and meat inspection personnel), 20 persons (23%) showed a nasal colonisation with MRSA ST398. A quite strong association between the intensity of the contact to pigs with the frequency of nasal colonisation in the occupationally exposed persons was detected. None of the animals or the humans nasally colonised by MRSA ST398 showed any clinical symptoms of a staphylococcal infection. Conclusions are drawn on the herd and intra-herd prevalence of the nasal colonisation of pigs with MRSA ST398 in pigs, but especially on which questions need to be addressed by further research.     

2017年西藏拉萨市家禽禽流感抗体水平检测

为了解西藏拉萨市家禽禽流感抗体水平,2017年8月随机选择免疫过H5禽流感疫苗的8个规模养殖场、2个散养户、3个活禽交易市场,共13个群体,采集1 041份家禽血清样品进行H5、H7、H9亚型禽流感HI抗体检测。结果显示：H5亚型禽流感免疫抗体合格率为45.73%,H7、H9亚型抗体阳性率分别为21.13%、52.64%;养殖场、散养户和活禽交易市场的不同亚型抗体水平存在较大差异,规模化养殖场的H7亚型抗体阳性率最高（29.92%）,活禽市场的H5、H9亚型阳性率最高（78.16%、79.31%）,散养户的所有亚型抗体阳性率均最低。结果表明,拉萨市H5亚型禽流感疫苗免疫效果较差,特别是散养户,疫病发生风险较高,H7、H9亚型疑似自然感染率较高,应进一步查明原因,及时采取相应的措施,防止疫情发生。