畜产品质量安全隐患及防范对策

畜产品质量安全问题已成为畜牧业发展的一个主要矛盾,引起了社会的广泛关注和各级政府的高度重视。畜产品质量安全事关人们身体健康和生命安全,畜产品出口的国际贸易,农民收入的增加,农业产业结构调整和农村经济的发展。畜产品质量不安全的主要因素来源于动物饲养环境、人畜共患传染病、投入品的使用(兽药和饲料及饲料添加剂等)、畜产品的加工和销售等环节。表现在生产中滥用或非法使用兽药及违禁药品,动物性食品中兽药残留超标及畜产品掺杂使假等方面。1畜产品质量安全隐患1.1动物饲养环境不容乐观动物饲养环境受到污染,如工业“三废”、粪…     

兽药残留的控制要点

一、动物饲养及畜产品生产中药物残留的主要来源 1．饲养环境的污染。一是有的地区,特别是工业区附近,本身土地被药物或含有重金属（铅、汞、砷等）的“工业”“三废”污染。二是放牧草场及农作物秸秆被农药污染。三是牲畜饮用水被药物污染。     

兽药残留的控制要点

一、动物饲养及畜产品生产中药物残留的主要来源 1．饲养环境的污染。一是有的地区,特别是工业区附近,本身土地被药物或含有重金属（铅、汞、砷等）的“工业”“三废”污染。二是放牧草场及农作物秸秆被农药污染。三是牲畜饮用水被药物污染。     

西宁市畜产品质量安全检验检测体系的现状及对策

随着人们生活水平的提高和膳食结构的改变、畜产品质量大幅增长的同时,兽药、饲料添加剂、消毒剂等畜牧业投人品也大量使用,致使畜产品中抗生素和激素残留,违禁药物的添加和其他有害物质的超标。长期使用这些不安全畜产品会引起人体的多种急慢性中毒以及致癌、致畸、致突变,对人类危害非常大。     

关于控制畜产品药物残留的现状及建议

兽药的使用对于保障畜牧业的健康发展、丰富人们的菜篮子,都起到了很重要的作用.但是,由于兽药使用不当造成畜产品药物残留(药残)问题也很突出,已引起国际社会的极大关注,畜产品药物残留亦即食品安全问题.由于畜产品药物残留对人类的危害日益突出,药残问题不能不引起我们的足够重视.药残即人们在日常的动物饲养过程中,由于使用了含有不应添加药物的饲料或允许添加但不按标准规定的量添加以及不执行停药期的规定,造成某些药物或有害物质在动物体内蓄积、贮存.有药物残留的动物产品,特别是含有违禁药物的动物产品,如盐酸克伦特罗、某些抗生素、激素、镇静安眠类药物等对人类的健康危害极大,由此造成的中毒事件也时有发生.     

畜产品生产环节兽药残留控制技术

畜产品兽药残留究其根源是养殖条件、饲养管理、防疫消毒等因素综合作用于动物机体,致使畜禽免疫力下降,动物疫病增多引起的。药物的使用只是预防控制动物疫病的被动措施。科学的解决养殖者在生产过程中遇到的难题,帮助他们摆脱依赖药物来控制生产的陋习,就可以从根本上解决药物滥用问题,兽药残留的顽疾便可迎刃而解。     

辽宁动监局设奖举报畜禽饲养添加违禁药品

近日,辽宁省动物卫生监督管理局设立了举报奖励制度。主要包括：在畜禽饲养和生鲜乳收购中使用国家规定禁用的药物及其他化学物质的;生产销售的畜产品中兽药等化学物质残留或含有的重金属等有毒有害物质不符合畜产品质量安全标准的;     

畜产晶质量安全隐患及防范对策

畜产品质量安全问题已成为畜牧业发展的一个主要矛盾，引起了社会的广泛关注和各级政府的高度重视。畜产品质量安全事关人们身体健康和生命安全，畜产品出口的国际贸易，农民收入的增加，农业产业结构调整和农村经济的发展。畜产品质量不安全的主要因素来源于动物饲养环境、人畜共患传染病、投入品的使用（兽药和饲料及饲料添加剂等）、畜产品的加工和销售等环节。表现在生产中滥用或非法使用兽药及违禁药品，动物性食品中兽药残留超标及畜产品掺杂使假等方面。     

兽药残留危害及原因剖析

<正>在养殖生产中,为了提高经济效益,减少疾病的发生,离不开使用兽药。兽药在疫病防治、提高生产效率、改善畜产品质量等方面有着十分重要的作用。但是,在生产中,不规范使用药物会使病原微生物产生抗药性、畜产品中出现药物残留、引起环境污染等问题,这些都对畜牧业的健康发展和生态环境造成较大危害,不利于我国畜产品的出口,影响养殖场的经济效益。1兽药残留分类兽药残留不仅指原药,也包括药物的代谢产物和兽药中的     

当前畜产品质量安全存在的问题及建议

1 影响畜产品质量安全的因素 1.1 养殖环境 养殖环境的大气质量、土壤和水质是否符合质量安全要求,是能否生产出质量安全的畜产品的先决条件.一般情况下,只要不发生造成环境改变的重大事故,养殖环境是不会发生显著变化的. 1.2 投入品使用 饲料和兽药在推动畜牧业快速高效发展的同时,也对畜产品质量安全产生了重要影响.如滥用饲料、饲料添加剂和兽药导致动物体内药物、重金属滞留或富集,并以残留方式进入人体及生态系统.目前,防腐剂、抗菌剂、生长剂、镇静剂是饲料中常添加的药物,任何不按规定使用和不严格执行休药期制度的行为,都会引起残留超标,对人体和生态系统造成危害.特别是使用违禁药物和不按规定使用限用药物是畜产品安全的重要隐患.     

畜产品兽药残留及改进措施

畜禽养殖产业的快速发展也导致养殖中的疾病问题开始逐渐凸显,防治畜禽养殖中疾病兽药的使用量也不断提高,兽药的不规范使用易导致残留的情况,对于畜产品中兽药的残留问题受到广泛的关注。畜产品中兽药的残留会影响畜产品的质量,对消费者的机体健康带来负面影响,同时部分兽药的残留会导致生态环境的污染,进而影响人类健康。该文对畜禽养殖中畜产品兽药残留出现的原因,造成的危害及改进和防控措施进行论述。     

鸡蛋药物残留研究进展

国内外鸡蛋药物残留主要包括合成抗菌药物（磺胺类药物、喹诺酮类药物和硝基咪唑类药物）、抗生素类药物（四环素类、大环内酯类、氯霉素类及其他抗生素类药物）、抗球虫药物（聚醚类药物）及农药等。这些药物都是常见的家禽用药,由于其效果好、价格低廉、抗菌谱广等被广泛应用。但药物残留直接危害人体健康,且细菌对该类药物较易产生耐药性,耐药菌株可通过食物链向人类传递,此外鸡蛋药物的残留也可导致人体内敏感细菌产生耐药性,该现象已引起了全世界的关注。目前对动物性食品药物残留进行监测是确保食品安全和人类健康的最后一道防线。因此鸡蛋常见药物残留的监测技术的研究,可确保鸡蛋食用安全性,提高鸡蛋的质量,保障人体健康,增强国际贸易竞争力。     

Drug and chemical residues in livestock

The problem of drug and chemical residues in foods of animal origin has become increasingly important to the entire livestock industry as growing consumer health concerns continue to erode the demand for these products. Although nearly 90 per cent of all drugs approved for use in livestock are available for over-the-counter sales, in the public's view, it is only the veterinarian who administers drugs to animals and who, therefore, is responsible for all drug residues in food. Congress has responded to these consumer concerns by applying increased pressure on the FDA to restrict the extra-label use of drugs by veterinarians. The veterinary profession now finds itself in a position in which it must reexamine its current drug-use policies and strive to develop policies that are more responsible to the consumer, both in appearance and substance.     

畜禽产品中四环素类药物残留色谱质谱检测技术及前处理方法研究进展

四环素类药物是一类广谱抗菌药物,在畜牧业中得到广泛应用。该药物的不合理使用甚至滥用,导致环境及动物源性食品中此类药物残留超标,从而威胁公共卫生安全。液相色谱法及液相色谱串联质谱法是检测畜禽产品中四环素类药物残留的主要方法。这类方法的难点及关键步骤是样品的前处理,也是目前研究的热点。本文就目前动物源性食品中四环素类药物残留色谱及质谱分析法,特别是样品前处理方法的研究进展进行综述。近年来新净化材料、新提取剂及新提取方法不断出现,提升了提取及净化效果,减少了试剂用量,提高了工作效率,并能够同时实现多类药物的提取和检测,有力保障了食品和环境安全。     

畜禽养殖业兽药使用现状及建议

兽药在畜禽养殖中发挥重要作用,但由于养殖户盲目用药,药物选择和使用不规范,随意搭配药物,造成兽药使用量超出安全剂量规定,不仅严重威胁畜禽和人类健康,还污染土壤、水源和大气环境,因此必须对畜禽养殖中的兽药使用进行科学引导和严格规范。该文对我国目前畜禽养殖业兽药使用的现状进行分析,从兽药生产企业准入门槛和销售流通环节入手,结合兽药法律法规、兽药使用规范、兽药监管体系、兽药检测制度提出改善对策。     

Drug residues in food animals

A total of 292 field investigative reports of drug residues in food animals for 1983 to 1988 were analyzed. The investigations had been conducted by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the Virginia State Veterinarian's Office, in cooperation with the Center for Veterinary Medicine of the FDA, to trace residues reported by the USDA Food Safety and Inspection Service to the source of the animal and the administration of the drug. The analysis disclosed the following. (1) Antibiotic residues were most often associated with streptomycin, penicillin, oxytetracycline, and neomycin. Sulfamethazine was, by far, the most frequently cited sulfonamide. (2) Residues are being found predominantly in cows, veal calves, and market hogs (barrows and gilts). (3) The cause of drug residue most frequently cited by the field investigators was failure to observe the withholding time for the drug. Almost half of these investigations revealed that the individual responsible for the sale of the animal did not know the proper withholding time for the drug. Failure to maintain adequate records was also a contributing factor. (4) The producer was considered to be the responsible party in over 80% of the cases for which responsibility was determined. (5) Residues associated with injectable drugs were investigated most frequently. Long-acting and sustained-release products were most often associated with penicillin and oxytetracycline residues. (6) The 2 most common sources of purchase for the drugs involved in the investigations were the feed/farm supply store and the veterinarian. (7) Unapproved drug use was not a major cause of residues.     

动物源性食品中糖皮质激素残留检测方法的研究进展

糖皮质激素常用于治疗家畜的炎症反应、免疫性疾病、牛的酮病等,并且能提高饲料的转化率,促进畜禽的生长,因而广泛用于畜牧业中。然而,动物生长过程中过量使用糖皮质激素会导致其在动物源性食品中残留,给人体健康带来极大的危害。世界各国对动物源性食品中糖皮质激素残留实施愈来愈严格的监控,对各种检测方法也提出了越来越高的要求。本文介绍了糖皮质激素在畜牧业中的应用、糖皮质激素残留的危害,并对其残留检测方法进行综述。     

抗球虫药物残留的免疫检测技术

抗球虫药物在畜禽业应用广泛,可预防治疗球虫病,提高家禽饲料转化率,提升肉品质。但是,随即会出现饲料交叉污染,对非目标动物产生毒性作用,动物性食品中药物残留超标等问题。因此,建立简便、快速、灵敏度高的检测方法检测动物源性食品中的抗球虫药物残留极为重要。基于抗原-抗体特异性结合原理的免疫分析检测技术能够完成快速检测,高通量筛选,具有特异性强、灵敏度高、操作简便、成本低的优点。本文综述了不同基质中抗球虫药物残留的免疫检测技术进展,重点介绍了酶联免疫吸附检测法、免疫层析法、荧光偏振免疫分析检测法、时间分辨荧光免疫分析检测法和生物传感器检测法。并对免疫检测技术在残留检测方面的发展趋势进行了展望,旨在为抗球虫药物的残留监控提供方法学上的参考,为新方法的建立提供思路。     

Pharmacological treatments and risks for the food chain

Veterinarians play a pivotal role in public health control, in particular in the management of risks deriving from pharmacological treatments of food-producing animals. Veterinary medicinal products can represent a risk for animal health and welfare (side effects, decreased efficacy), for farmers and practitioners administering the drug, for consumers of food of animal origin (presence of residues, occurrence of antibiotic resistance) and for the environment. According to pending European guidelines, risk management starts from marketing authorisation that must be based on risk evaluation and can be denied when the risk/benefit ratio is not favourable considering the advantages for animal health and welfare and for safety of consumers. Veterinarians can prevent and control risks by using correct pharmacological criteria to choose and administer medicinal products and undertaking risk-based inspection of residues of drugs in food of animal origin. Moreover, a major tool for veterinarians to prevent and control drug-borne risk is “pharmacovigilance”. Risks for the environment are usually assessed during the pre-marketing approval process, however veterinarians, as risk managers, should educate farmers about correct drug handling and disposal, and periodically verify that suggested measures are applied.     

Pharmacological treatments and risks for the food chain

Veterinarians play a pivotal role in public health control, in particular in the management of risks deriving from pharmacological treatments of food-producing animals. Veterinary medicinal products can represent a risk for animal health and welfare (side effects, decreased efficacy), for farmers and practitioners administering the drug, for consumers of food of animal origin (presence of residues, occurrence of antibiotic resistance) and for the environment. According to pending European guidelines, risk management starts from marketing authorisation that must be based on risk evaluation and can be denied when the risk/benefit ratio is not favourable considering the advantages for animal health and welfare and for safety of consumers. Veterinarians can prevent and control risks by using correct pharmacological criteria to choose and administer medicinal products and undertaking risk-based inspection of residues of drugs in food of animal origin. Moreover, a major tool for veterinarians to prevent and control drug-borne risk is "pharmacovigilance". Risks for the environment are usually assessed during the pre-marketing approval process, however veterinarians, as risk managers, should educate farmers about correct drug handling and disposal, and periodically verify that suggested measures are applied.