抗球虫药物残留的免疫检测技术

抗球虫药物在畜禽业应用广泛，可预防治疗球虫病，提高家禽饲料转化率，提升肉品质。但是，随即会出现饲料交叉污染，对非目标动物产生毒性作用，动物性食品中药物残留超标等问题。因此，建立简便、快速、灵敏度高的检测方法检测动物源性食品中的抗球虫药物残留极为重要。基于抗原-抗体特异性结合原理的免疫分析检测技术能够完成快速检测，高通量筛选，具有特异性强、灵敏度高、操作简便、成本低的优点。本文综述了不同基质中抗球虫药物残留的免疫检测技术进展，重点介绍了酶联免疫吸附检测法、免疫层析法、荧光偏振免疫分析检测法、时间分辨荧光免疫分析检测法和生物传感器检测法。并对免疫检测技术在残留检测方面的发展趋势进行了展望，旨在为抗球虫药物的残留监控提供方法学上的参考，为新方法的建立提供思路。

A Review of Immunoassay for the Determination of Coccidiostats Residues

Anticoccidial drugs are widely used in livestock and poultry industry to prevent and treat coccidiosis. It can improve feed conversion rate and meat quality. However, the problems, such as feed cross-contamination, toxic effects on non-target animals and excessive drug residues in animal food, are subsequently appeared. Therefore, it is crucial to establish simple, rapid, and sensitive methods for the detection of anticoccidial drug residues in the food of animal origin. The immunoassay technology based on the principle of antigen-antibody specific binding can complete rapid detection and high-throughput screening. It has the advantages of strong specificity, high sensitivity, simple operation, and low cost. This paper reviewed the development of immunoassay techniques for the detection of anticoccidial drug residues in different matrix. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, immunochromatography, fluorescence polarization immunoassay, time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay and biosensor immunoassay were highlighted. The trendency of immunoassay in residue detection was also prospected. It aimed to provide methodological reference for the monitoring of anticoccidial drug residues and provide ideas for the establishment of new methods.