山东地区规模化牛场三种常见疫病的流行病学研究

[目的]为弄清山东地区规模化牛场三种常见疫病的流行病学特点。[方法]2015年1月到2015年6月从山东省部分地区20个规模化牛场随机采集420份血清样品,包括种牛血清41份、奶牛血清278份、肉牛血清101份,利用ELISA方法检测牛病毒性腹泻、牛传染性鼻气管炎及牛副结核病三种常见疫病抗体水平,20个牛场均未免疫上述三种传染病疫苗。检测[结果]表明,在山东地区牛场中,这三种传染病普遍存在感染,其中病毒性腹泻病毒抗体场阳性率为65%,个体平均阳性率为52.62%;牛传染性鼻气管炎病毒gE抗体场阳性率为55%,个体平均阳性率为23.33%;牛副结核分支杆菌抗体场阳性率为10%,个体平均阳性率为2.14%。[结论]通过本次流行病学调查,进一步了解三种常见传染病在山东地区不同类型牛场的流行情况,对山东地区牛场疫情预测及疫病防控起到一定的指导作用。     

宁夏地区奶牛病毒性腹泻及牛传染性鼻气管炎的流行病学调查

为了解宁夏地区奶牛的病毒性腹泻和传染性鼻气管炎的流行情况,本研究对宁夏不同地区的奶牛采取了135份耳组织和376份血清,分别对牛病毒性腹泻病毒抗原及牛传染性鼻气管炎病毒抗体进行了检测。结果显示,牛病毒性腹泻病毒抗原阳性率最高为0.5%,平均阳性率为0.01%;牛传染性鼻气管炎病毒抗体阳性率最高为100%,平均阳性率为85.1%。证实了宁夏地区已经存在着较为严重的牛病毒性腹泻病毒及牛传染性鼻气管炎病毒的感染。牛病毒性腹泻以及牛传染性鼻气管炎的流行病学调查为我区制定出科学有效的综合防控措施及促进地区奶业健康可持续发展提供依据。     

山东省部分牛场牛传染性鼻气管炎血清学调查

为了解牛传染性鼻气管炎在山东省的规模化牛场的流行情况,本研究采用ELISA方法对山东省的24个牛场的707份牛血清进行牛传染性鼻气管炎血清学调查。结果显示,24个牛场中17个牛场存在牛传染性鼻气管炎抗体阳性,场群阳性率为70.83%,205份样品为阳性,个体阳性率为29%。表明牛传染性鼻气管炎在山东省被调查场中内普遍流行。此调查结果为山东省牛传染性鼻气管炎的流行病学研究提供了数据基础,为防控牛传染性鼻气管炎提供科学依据。     

祁连山北麓中部地区牦牛常见病的血清学调查

[目的]为了掌握祁连山北麓中部地区牦牛常见病的感染情况。[方法]对祁连山北麓中部地区的牦牛常见病开展了血清学检测。共检测280份血清样品,分别检测了布病、口蹄疫、牛传染性鼻气管炎、弓形虫、牛副结核病的感染抗体。[结果]检出布病阳性样品3份,平均阳性率1.2%;检出口蹄疫病毒非结构蛋白3ABC抗体阳性样品31份,平均阳性率11.1%;检出牛传染性鼻气管炎阳性样品14份,平均阳性率5.0%;检出弓形虫抗体阳性样品87份,平均阳性率31.1%;检出牛副结核抗体阳性样品1份,平均阳性率0.4%。[结论]通过血清学检测,初步掌握了5种疫病的感染情况,为科学防控提供了科学依据。     

张掖市牛病毒性腹泻黏膜病和传染性鼻气管炎的血清学调查

为了掌握张掖市牛病毒性腹泻黏膜病和牛传染性鼻气管炎的感染情况,中国动物疫病预防控制中心于2014年和2015年对张掖市甘州区、临泽县、民乐县的养牛场进行了抽检。共检测400份血清样品,检出牛病毒性腹泻黏膜病阳性样品146份,可疑样品12份,平均阳性率36.5%;检出牛传染性鼻气管炎阳性样品97份,平均阳性率24.3%。通过血清学检测,初步掌握了牛病毒性腹泻黏膜病和牛传染性鼻气管炎在张掖市的感染情况,为科学防控提供了理论依据。     

蚌埠市某奶牛场IBRV和BVDV的血清学调查

本试验对蚌埠市一家未进行牛传染性鼻气管炎及病毒性腹泻免疫的规模化奶牛场的94份奶牛血清样品,分别使用牛传染性鼻气管炎及病毒性腹泻抗体ELISA试剂盒进行检测,共检出牛传染性鼻气管炎阳性血清65份,阳性检出率为69．15％;病毒性腹泻阳性血清83份,阳性检出率为88．30％。结果表明,该规模化奶牛场存在牛传染性鼻气管炎及病毒性腹泻的感染和接触史,应采取净化措施进行控制。     

三明地区牛群疫病的流行病学调查

用ELISA方法对三明市2016年随机抽取的牛群血清样品进行检测,检测内容包括牛病毒性腹泻、牛白血病、牛传染性鼻气管炎、牛布鲁氏菌病。本次调查共检测样品204份。其中检测规模场7个,样品116份;检测散养户14个,样品88份。结果表明：检测牛病毒性腹泻病毒血清204份,检出阳性血清65份;检测牛白血病血清188份,检出阳性血清34份;检测牛传染性鼻气管炎血清184份,检出阳性血清64份;检测牛布鲁氏菌病血清204份,检出阳性血清0份。说明三明地区牛群存在多种疫病感染,应采取相应的防控措施。     

宁夏吴忠地区规模化奶牛场流产牛病原血清学调查

为了调查宁夏吴忠地区奶牛场因传染性因素造成流产的基本情况,应用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)对可能造成感染流产的牛传染性鼻气管炎病毒、新孢子虫、牛病毒性腹泻病毒的抗体及布鲁菌的抗原进行了血清学检测。结果显示,牛传染性鼻气管炎病毒抗体阳性率为48.84%,新孢子虫抗体阳性率为30.23%,牛病毒性腹泻病毒抗体阳性率为19.77%,布鲁菌抗原阳性率为24.42%。牛场阳性率高达100%。根据统计显示,不同妊娠胎次的奶牛流产率差异显著(P0.05),其中第1胎流产率与其他胎次间差异极显著(P0.01)。不同妊娠时间的奶牛流产率差异不显著(P0.05)。调查表明,宁夏部分奶牛场存在不同程度的牛传染性鼻气管炎病毒、新孢子虫、牛病毒性腹泻病毒和布鲁菌感染。     

山东东部地区规模化奶牛场引起奶牛呼吸道综合征的4种常见病毒血清学调查

为了解目前山东东部地区牛病毒性腹泻黏膜病病毒、传染性鼻气管炎病毒、呼吸道合胞体病毒、副流感病毒3型这4种病原的感染情况,为疫病防控提供依据,从山东潍坊、烟台、青岛、威海等地区采集牛血清样品380份,采用ELISA方法进行了4种病毒的抗体检测。结果显示,BVDV抗体阳性率为62.11%;IBRV gB抗体阳性率最低为42.63%;BRSV抗体阳性率82.11%;BPIV3抗体阳性率81.05%,BRSV和BPIV3感染情况基本持平。被调查的14个牛场有12个牛场曾发生过4种病毒的感染,4种病毒均感染过的牛的比率在83.68%(318/380)。研究表明,山东东部地区多数规模化奶牛场存在这4种病毒的感染。     

河南省奶牛传染性鼻气管炎血清学调查

为了解河南省奶牛传染性鼻气管炎感染的流行情况,对河南省豫东、豫西、豫南、豫北和郑州市5个地区24个奶牛小区的538头奶牛随机采血,进行酶联免疫吸附试验,检测奶牛传染性鼻气管炎病毒血清抗体,结果显示24个奶牛小区均有抗体阳性牛,场阳性率为100%,其中传染性鼻气管炎病毒(IBRV)抗体阳性率最高的牛场阳性率为84%,阳性率最低的牛场阳性率为26.67%。538头奶牛有319头为IBRV抗体阳性,阳性率为59.29%,表明该病在河南普遍存在。     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1989

In late November 1989, 1732 clinics and institutional veterinarians were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis, and 51.7% responded. Of 247,716 dogs tested, 394 had D. immitis microfilariae and 51 were amicrofilaremic for a total of 445 cases and heartworm prevalence of 0.17%. Most (408) of these dogs had no preventive medication and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 1.01%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Thirty-seven dogs with heartworm had preventive medication. Heartworm was most frequent in companion dogs over three years of age maintained outdoors in rural areas. About 75% of the cases had never left Canada, 26% had clinical signs and 125 were not treated.

Heartworm was reported from British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, but 383 cases were in Ontario. South-western Ontario was the primary focus of infection. There were 33 cases in Quebec and 24 in Manitoba, mainly found in and around Metropolitan Montreal and Winnipeg respectively.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1986

In late December 1986, 1224 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1986; 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 150,989 dogs were blood-tested for microfilariae and 869 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 65 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease and one was found with heartworm at necropsy to give the total number diagnosed in 1986 as 935 (0.62%).

Heartworm was reported from Manitoba, New Brunswick, Ontario and Quebec, but most (810) of the cases were from Ontario. South-western Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. There were 103 cases reported from Quebec, mostly from and around Montreal, and 21 cases from Manitoba, from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 33% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 81% had a history of not having left Canada.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1987

In late November 1987, 1246 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1987, and 50% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 165,428 dogs were blood tested for heartworm disease and 511 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 78 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1987 as 589 (0.35%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1983

In late December 1983, 2 800 veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of heartworm disease in Canada in 1983 and 26% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 59 504 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 771 dogs (1.30% of those tested) were found with Dirofilaria immitis. Heartworm disease was diagnosed in all provinces except New Brunswick and Newfoundland but most (733) of the cases were in Ontario.

Heartworm disease was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 31% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 64% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continues to be the focus of the infection and most of the dogs there had not left the province previously.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1984

In late December 1984, 1853 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1984 and 35% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 97,794 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1417 dogs (1.45% of those tested) were found with heartworm. Another 34 dogs were amicrofilaremic, but were diagnosed as having heartworm disease, to give the total number diagnosed in 1984 as 1451 (1.48%). Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland but most (1310) of the cases were in Ontario. In Quebec, 126 cases were reported mostly from west of Montreal.

Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 27% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 72% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1985

In late December 1985, 1485 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1985 and 44% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 137,300 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1210 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 36 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number diagnosed in 1985 as 1247 (0.91%).

Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland and Saskatchewan but most (1126) of the cases were in Ontario. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. From Quebec, 91 cases were reported mostly from and around Montreal. From Manitoba, 19 cases were reported from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 28% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 78% had a history of not having left Canada.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1988

In late November 1988, 1581 small and mixed animal clinics and institutional veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1988, and 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 181,577 dogs were blood-tested for heartworm disease and 367 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 60 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1988 as 441 (0.24%).