广西家蚕品种适合区域及季节性研究

为提高广西不同地区家蚕饲养成功率和蚕茧质量,以期达到不同家蚕品种的最佳经济性状和优质性能,对当前主要推广应用的两广二号、桂蚕2号和桂蚕N2等3对家蚕品种在广西进行区域和季节适应性的试验研究,评价其经济性状和生产性能以及家蚕茧质和丝质分析。结果表明:在春、秋季节,那坡、环江和忻城蚕区适合饲养桂蚕2号和两广二号,宾阳蚕区适合饲养桂蚕N2和两广二号;在夏季,各主要蚕区应以强健性好的家蚕品种桂蚕N2和两广二号为主。     

家蚕抗血液型脓病新品种桂蚕N2的选育

桂蚕N2是广西蚕业技术推广总站选配育成的第一对抗家蚕血液性脓病的强健性夏秋用家蚕新品种,省级实验室联合鉴定和农村试验鉴定表明：该品种适合广西等亚热带地区饲养。在常规条件饲养下,蚕体强健性、蚕茧产量和质量等主要经济性状与对照种两广二号相仿或略有提高;该品种在2龄起蚕经口添食NPV多角体病原的LC50（半数致死浓度）为1×10^9个／mL,比两广二号对照高1000倍,表现出较强的抗NPV特性。桑蚕品种桂蚕N2综合经济性状稳定,已通过品种鉴定,可以在广西各蚕区全年各蚕期饲养,特别在家蚕血液型脓病多发的蚕区和夏秋期饲养,更能表现出其强健丰产的效果。     

抗血液型脓病新品种桂蚕N2在环江农村的试验及推广

桂蚕N2是广西蚕业技术推广总站选配育成的第一对抗家蚕血液型脓病的强健性夏秋用家蚕新品种,2013年在广西环江毛南族自治县农村常规条件下饲养7批试验结果表明:在夏秋养蚕季节,桂蚕N2蚕茧产量和质量等经济指标与对照种两广二号相仿或略有提高,4～5龄第5天血液型脓病平均发病率比对照种两广二号低0.12％.桂蚕N2死笼率比两广二号低5.24％,该品种的抗病性较好.农村示范推广普遍反映蚕病少、稳产高产,深受广大蚕农的青睐.     

桑蚕新品种“桂蚕N2”的推广应用初报

"桂蚕N2"是广西蚕业技术推广总站育成的适合我区的抗血液型脓病较强的强健性夏秋用四元杂交桑蚕新品种,2013-2014年示范推广4.5万张,通过两年对"桂蚕N2"一代杂交种繁育生产及农村饲养成绩调查及专家对"桂蚕N2"一代杂交种农村饲养现场测产。结果表明:"桂蚕N2"体质强健,抗高温多湿对血液型脓病具有较高的抵抗性,一代杂交种繁育系数高、丝质稳定等特性。全年不同季节饲养,年平均蚕期发病率"桂蚕N2"比两广二号降低5.45百分点,死笼率比两广二号降低8.79百分点,平均单张(标准张25 000头)产茧量32.93 kg,与现行品种两广二号相比,张种平均增产3.47kg。高温季节饲养,平均蚕期发病率比两广二号降低11.53百分点,平均张种收茧量比两广二号张种增产8.19 kg,死笼率比两广二号降低19.31百分点;在茧丝质量方面上车茧率、解舒率高,高温季节丝质成绩比两广二号稳定。该品种综合经济性状稳定,适宜亚热带蚕区夏秋期应用,可在长江流域夏秋、华南省区全年应用,特别在家蚕血液型脓病多发的蚕区和夏秋期饲养,更能表现出其强健丰产的效果。     

不同家蚕品种与桑树品种及剪伐方式对家蚕饲养成绩的影响研究

为揭示不同家蚕品种、不同桑树品种、桑树不同剪伐方式之间的适应性,分别对用高伐(离地面70 cm剪伐)、中伐(离地面30 cm剪伐)、低伐(即根刈,平地面剪伐)3种剪伐方式的桂桑5号、桂桑6号、沙二×伦109和桂桑优12等4个桑树品种的成熟桑叶(第7～13叶位)开展家蚕品种两广二号、桂蚕N2和桂蚕2号的饲养试验,调查分析结果表明:100 kg桑叶产茧量、全茧量、茧层量等6个指标在参试组合间的差异达到极显著水平;综合比较,两广二号+沙二×伦109+高伐、两广二号+沙二×伦109+低伐、桂蚕2号+桂桑优12+低伐、桂蚕2号+沙二×伦109+高伐和桂蚕2号+桂桑6号+高伐等几个组合表现较优;供试家蚕品种中桂蚕2号总体表现优于其他2个家蚕品种,供试桑树品种中没有哪种桑树品种和桑树剪伐方式具有全面优势;桑树品种与剪伐方式除死笼率外对其余指标均有显著交互作用,家蚕品种和桑树品种对全茧量、茧层量、5龄经过有显著交互作用,家蚕品种和剪伐方式对100 kg桑叶产茧量、5龄经过有显著交互作用,家蚕品种、桑树品种和剪伐方式对100 kg桑叶产茧量、全茧量、5龄经过有显著交互作用。     

家蚕新品种两广二号N在忻城县农村的饲养试验

为了科学评价家蚕新品种两广二号N(HK4),为高温多湿闷热地区提供对家蚕血液型脓病具有高抗性的家蚕品种,以现行的两广二号为对照蚕品种进行了两广二号N的饲养试验。2018年秋蚕期在广西壮族自治区忻城县的试养结果表明,两广二号N的生命力较强,对家蚕血液型脓病具有高抗性,整个养蚕过程中血液型脓病的发病率为0,总发病率比对照蚕品种两广二号低9.46个百分点,张种产茧量比两广二号提高15.76%;其生长发育情况,以及茧丝长、上车率、解舒率、万米吊糙、毛折、光折等缫丝成绩与两广二号相仿。     

广西家蚕主推品种高效繁育技术的集成与应用

两广二号、桂蚕2号、桂蚕N2是近几年广西蚕区的主要推广品种,总结了一套适合亚热带气候特点的广西家蚕主推品种高效繁育技术,包括建立高标准原蚕基地、精准制定繁育计划、原蚕高产饲养、高效制种、蚕病综合防控、保持稳定化性等技术。该高效繁育集成技术在蚕种场推广后,各品种蚕种繁育系数比应用前提高了3%以上,蚕种质量和生产效益得到大幅度提升,证明该套技术值得推广,可在广西及亚热带地区其它蚕种场推广。     

3个家蚕品种雄蚕蛾经不同次数交配后的营养活性成分变化及营养品质评价

为了拓宽家蚕资源综合利用新途径,为家蚕雄蚕蛾的精深加工提供参考,在春、夏、秋季节收集两广二号、桂蚕2号、桂蚕N2三个家蚕品种的雄蚕蛾样品,测定其未交配、交配1次、交配2次后总蛋白质、总脂肪、总黄酮、总酚、胆固醇含量,并进行营养品质综合评分。结果发现,不同品种不同交配次数的雄蚕蛾总蛋白质含量随着交配次数的增加先升后降,在交配1次后达到峰值;总脂肪含量变化趋势除两广二号为下降外,其余两个品种均为先降后升,且两次交配后,脂肪含量均低于未交配;总黄酮、总酚、胆固醇含量高低依次为未交配>交配1次>交配2次,且含量差异显著。相同条件样品营养成分在不同季节的差异不显著。在营养品质综合评分中,未交配的桂蚕N2、两广二号雄蚕蛾综合得分较高,其中未交配的桂蚕N2在营养活性成分含量上总体得分最高,而未交配的两广二号雄蚕蛾在主要营养成分含量上得分最高。     

家蚕新品种桂蚕 10 号与桂蚕 11 号在柳州农村的试养初报

为了解家蚕天然黄色茧新品种桂蚕10号和桂蚕11号在柳州市农村饲养的丰产性、稳产性和适应性等,为新品种在柳州市的推广应用提供科学依据,2018年和2019年秋季在柳州市农村对桂蚕10号、桂蚕11号与当地主推品种两广二号进行农村饲养比较试验,结果显示:桂蚕10号、桂蚕11号蚕期发育经过与两广二号基本相同,孵化齐一、体质较强健、各龄眠起整齐、食桑旺盛、老熟较齐、营茧快,黄色茧率98%以上。与两广二号相比,桂蚕10号的死笼率降低了2.50个百分点,健蛹率提高了2.45个百分点,全茧量提高了10.37%,茧层量提高了13.93%,茧层率提高了0.66个百分点,公斤茧颗数降低了10.05%,张种产茧量提高了2.58%,张种产值提高了1.68%;桂蚕11号的死笼率降低了3.25个百分点,健蛹率提高了3.20个百分点,全茧量提高了8.44%,茧层量提高了9.29%,茧层率提高了0.16个百分点,公斤茧颗数降低了8.56%,张种产茧量提高了4.98%,张种产值提高了4.21%,各项主要指标均不同程度优于两广二号,初步反映出桂蚕10号与桂蚕11号2对新品种适宜在柳州市农村秋季饲养。     

家蚕新品种桂蚕N2一代杂交种繁育效果与技术探讨

通过对2012年秋—2015年秋4年春夏秋多月份共11批次对家蚕新品种桂蚕N2的杂交原种进行饲养繁育一代杂交种,探讨该品种的繁育效果与技术。结果表明,原种茧平均死笼率NC99R·NC9C、NJZ·NJ7分别为3.09%、5.39%,NC99R·NC9C与同期两广二号中系原种932·芙蓉相比明显降低,差异极显著,NJZ·NJ7与同期两广二号日系原种7532·湘晖相比差异不显著;张原种制种量正交种为61.89张,比同期两广二号提高14.85%,正交品种间有极显著提高,反交种为35.41张,反交品种间差异不显著;平均公斤茧制种量正交种、反交种分别为3.36张、2.66张,与同期两广二号相比正交种差异不显著,反交种差异显著。只要根据新品种的特性要求进行繁育,采取合理的技术措施,掌握好对交品种的出库、收蚁日差(日系比中系早3~4d);加强提青分批,淘汰弱小蚕;稀座;良桑饱食;中系品种提早1 d收茧、削茧;适量投蛾,加强巡蛾等,就能获得良好的繁育成绩。     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1984

In late December 1984, 1853 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1984 and 35% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 97,794 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1417 dogs (1.45% of those tested) were found with heartworm. Another 34 dogs were amicrofilaremic, but were diagnosed as having heartworm disease, to give the total number diagnosed in 1984 as 1451 (1.48%). Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland but most (1310) of the cases were in Ontario. In Quebec, 126 cases were reported mostly from west of Montreal.

Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 27% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 72% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1985

In late December 1985, 1485 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1985 and 44% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 137,300 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1210 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 36 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number diagnosed in 1985 as 1247 (0.91%).

Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland and Saskatchewan but most (1126) of the cases were in Ontario. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. From Quebec, 91 cases were reported mostly from and around Montreal. From Manitoba, 19 cases were reported from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 28% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 78% had a history of not having left Canada.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1988

In late November 1988, 1581 small and mixed animal clinics and institutional veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1988, and 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 181,577 dogs were blood-tested for heartworm disease and 367 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 60 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1988 as 441 (0.24%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1989

In late November 1989, 1732 clinics and institutional veterinarians were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis, and 51.7% responded. Of 247,716 dogs tested, 394 had D. immitis microfilariae and 51 were amicrofilaremic for a total of 445 cases and heartworm prevalence of 0.17%. Most (408) of these dogs had no preventive medication and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 1.01%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Thirty-seven dogs with heartworm had preventive medication. Heartworm was most frequent in companion dogs over three years of age maintained outdoors in rural areas. About 75% of the cases had never left Canada, 26% had clinical signs and 125 were not treated.

Heartworm was reported from British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, but 383 cases were in Ontario. South-western Ontario was the primary focus of infection. There were 33 cases in Quebec and 24 in Manitoba, mainly found in and around Metropolitan Montreal and Winnipeg respectively.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1987

In late November 1987, 1246 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1987, and 50% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 165,428 dogs were blood tested for heartworm disease and 511 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 78 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1987 as 589 (0.35%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1986

In late December 1986, 1224 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1986; 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 150,989 dogs were blood-tested for microfilariae and 869 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 65 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease and one was found with heartworm at necropsy to give the total number diagnosed in 1986 as 935 (0.62%).

Heartworm was reported from Manitoba, New Brunswick, Ontario and Quebec, but most (810) of the cases were from Ontario. South-western Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. There were 103 cases reported from Quebec, mostly from and around Montreal, and 21 cases from Manitoba, from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 33% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 81% had a history of not having left Canada.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1991

In late November 1991, 1883 clinics in Canada were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in dogs in 1991 and there was a 60.0% response. There were 344,031 dogs tested for heart-worm (HW), 627 were found infected and the prevalence of HW infection was 0.18%. There were 417 dogs with HW in Ontario, 116 in Manitoba, 38 in Quebec, 53 in British Columbia, three in Alberta, and one in Nova Scotia. In British Columbia, all of the infected dogs but one were from the Okanagan valley which, as from 1991, is a new focus of infection in Canada. Most dogs with HW had not been on preventive medication in 1990, and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 0.59%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Companion dogs, over three years of age and maintained primarily outdoors in rural areas, were most frequently infected. One cat was diagnosed with D. immitis and 33 dogs had Dipetalonema reconditium.     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1983

In late December 1983, 2 800 veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of heartworm disease in Canada in 1983 and 26% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 59 504 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 771 dogs (1.30% of those tested) were found with Dirofilaria immitis. Heartworm disease was diagnosed in all provinces except New Brunswick and Newfoundland but most (733) of the cases were in Ontario.

Heartworm disease was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 31% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 64% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continues to be the focus of the infection and most of the dogs there had not left the province previously.