血浆极低密度脂蛋白浓度的双向选择对肉鸡腹脂、肝脂和产肉性能的影响

对零世代８周龄血浆极低密度脂蛋白（ＶＬＤＬ）浓度进行降低腹脂的间接选择，一世代取得了明显效果：腹脂和肝脂向两极分化，其中肌胃脂和肝脂选择反应较大。低血浆ＶＬＤＬ的选择使腹脂降低，肝脂增加，对产肉性状未产生不利影响。９周龄腹脂率、板油率和肌胃脂率在高ＶＬＤＬ系分别高于低ＶＬＤＬ系２１％，１６％和５１％；肌胃脂率品系间差异极显著（Ｐ＜０．００１）。品系与性别互作对肌胃脂率有明显影响（Ｐ＜０．０５）。腹脂、肌胃脂存在性别差异，腹脂率雌性略高于雄性，而肌胃脂率雄性高于雌性。９周龄肝脂率，高ＶＬＤＬ系显著低于低ＶＬＤＬ系（Ｐ＜０．０１），雌性高于雄性。一世代８周龄血浆ＶＬＤＬ产生了直接选择反应，血浆ＶＬＤＬ浓度，高ＶＬＤＬ系高于低ＶＬＤＬ系。血浆ＶＬＤＬ存在性别差异，雄性高于雌性。一世代高、低ＶＬＤＬ系血浆ＶＬＤＬ和腹脂的变异系数仍然很大，继续对其选择仍然有效。由于血浆ＶＬＤＬ属中等遗传力，并且家系间差异显著，因此，在世代选育中应采取家系结合个体选择法     

肉鸡血浆极低密度脂蛋白双向选择系的建立

测定８周龄１５００只岭南黄鸡Ａ系血浆极低密度脂蛋白（ＶＬＤＬ）浓度，据此建立了高ＶＬＤＬ（高脂）系和低ＶＬＤＬ（低脂）系；测定了零世代基础群及选择后高低ＶＬＤＬ系个体重、血浆ＶＬＤＬ、甘油三酯、总脂、胆固醇浓度和腹脂。结果表明，零世代血浆ＶＬＤＬ的变异系数很大，对其选择应该是有效的；零世代血浆ＶＬＤＬ、总脂、胆固醇浓度雄性高于雌性（Ｐ〈０．０１），血浆甘油三酯浓度雌性高于雄性（Ｐ＝０．０００１）。     

血浆极低密度脂蛋白浓度的双向选择对肉鸡腹脂,肝脂和产肉性能…

对零世代８周龄血浆极低密度脂蛋白（ＶＬＤＬ）浓度进行降低腹的间接选择，一世代取得了明显效果，腹脂和肝脂向两极分化，其中肌胃脂和肝脂选择反应较大。低血浆ＶＬＤＬ的选择使腹脂降低，肝脂增加，对产生状未产生不利影响９周龄腹脂率、板油率和肌胃脂率在高ＶＬＤＬ系分别高于低ＶＬＤＬ系２１％，１６％和５１％；肌胃脂率品系间差异极显著（Ｐ〈０．００１）。品系与性别互作对肌胃脂率有明显影响（Ｐ〈０．０５）。腹脂、肌     

日粮对双向选择血浆极低密度脂蛋白肉鸡生长性能和血脂的影响

对７０８只（公，母各半）５～９周龄选择一个世代的高、低脂蛋白（ＶＬＤＬ）系鸡进行不同代谢能水平、粗蛋白水平的两个品系３因子交叉的遗传－营养互作试验，以探讨品系与日粮互作对肉鸡生长性能和血脂的影响。品系、日粮粗蛋白质和代谢能间的互作对９周龄血浆极低密度脂蛋白（ＶＬＤＬ）、甘油三酯及总脂浓度有显著影响（Ｐ＜０．０１），而对血浆胆固醇浓度无明显影响。高ＶＬＤＬ系血浆ＶＬＤＬ浓度（Ｏ．Ｄ．）有随日粮粗蛋白水平的升高而降低之趋势，而低ＶＬＤＬ系无此规律。高ＶＬＤＬ系血浆总脂浓度随日粮蛋白水平的升高而降低（Ｐ＜０．０００１），而蛋白水平对低ＶＬＤＬ系血浆总脂浓度无明显影响。低ＶＬＤＬ系血浆ＶＬＤＬ浓度（Ｏ．Ｄ．）随日粮代谢能水平的升高而降低（Ｐ＜０．０００１），而高ＶＬＤＬ系无此规律。高ＶＬＤＬ系血浆甘油三脂浓度随日代谢能水平的升高而升高，而低ＶＬＤＬ系无此规律。高ＶＬＤＬ系血浆总脂浓度随日粮代谢能水平的升高而升高，而代谢能水平对低ＶＬＤＬ系血浆总脂浓度无明显影响。血浆甘油三酯和胆固醇浓度存在品系－性别互作效应（Ｐ＜０．０１，Ｐ＜０．０５）；性别与日粮蛋白水平互作对血浆ＶＬＤＬ、胆固醇和总脂浓度均有显著影响（Ｐ＜０．０     

肉鸡血浆VLDL浓度与肥度性状和体重的相关研究

以一世代和二世代高、低脂系肉鸡为素材，测定了４２，４５和４９日龄肉鸡血浆极低密度脂蛋白（ＶＬＤＬ）浓度和体重，并于二世代时暑宰７只４９日龄肉鸡（公、母各半）、测定其肥度性状。结果：血浆ＶＬＤＬ浓度和肥度性状变异大，变异系数分别为３４％～６０％和２１％～２７％；血浆ＶＬＤＬ浓度为中等遗传力，因此对血浆ＶＬＤＬ浓度选择宜采用家系和个体选择结合的方法；血浆ＶＬＤＬ浓度和腹脂重（率）呈显著正表型相关，其遗     

肉鸡血浆VLDL浓度的选择效应—肉仔鸡体重和血浆VLDL

以父线代肉种鸡为材料,用比浊法测定血浆ＶＬＤＬ浓度,分别以１６周龄,６周龄血浆ＶＬＤＬ浓度为选择指标建立零世代,一世代肉鸡高脂系和低脂系地肉鸡体重和血浆ＶＬＤＬ浓度的选择反应。结果：１．零世代,一世代肉鸡血浆ＶＬＤＬ浓度变异很大,变异系数分别为４３．６％－７４．６％和３８．７％－７９．９％,二个世代选择后,血浆ＶＬＤＬ浓度变异系数在高,低脂质中分别为３７％－５２％和３１％－４６％,表明对血浆ＶＬＤ     

日粮能量和蛋白水平对肉鸡腹脂和血脂的影响

对７０８只（公、母各半）５～９周龄黄羽肉鸡进行３个代谢能水平（１３．４,１２．５,１１．６ＭＪ／ｋｇ）和３个粗蛋白水平（２２．４％,１９．４％,１６．４％）交叉的饲养试验,以探讨日粮代谢能和粗蛋白水平时黄羽肉鸡腹脂和血脂水平的影响。日粮代谢能和粗蛋白水平对腹脂有明显影响,腹脂随日粮代谢能水平的升高而升高（Ｐ＜０,０１）。随粗蛋白水平的升高而降低（Ｐ＜０．０５）。日粮能量和蛋白水平对板油的影响与腹脂相似。日粮代谢能水平对肌胃脂无明显影响;日粮粗蛋白水平对肌胃脂重无明显影响,但对肌胃脂率有一定影响（Ｐ＝０．０７）。日粮粗蛋白和代谢能水平对血浆极低密度脂蛋白（ＶＬＤＬ）、甘油三酯、胆固醇及总脂浓度均有显著影响（Ｐ＜８．０５）,８周龄血浆ＶＬＤＬ浓度随日粮代谢能的升高而降低（Ｐ＜０．０００１）;血浆总脂和胆固醇浓度均随日粮代谢能、粗蛋白水平的升高而降低（Ｐ≤０．００１）。肉鸡８周龄血浆ＶＬＤＬ水平明显存在日粮能量和蛋白的互作效应（Ｐ＜０．０１）,而血浆甘油三酯、胆固醇和总脂水平不存在明显的能量和蛋白的互作（Ｐ＞０．０５）。     

日粮能量和蛋白水平对双向选择血浆极低密度脂蛋白浓度肉鸡腹脂和产肉性能的影响

对７０８只（公母各半）５～９周龄一世代高、低极低密度脂蛋白（ＶＬＤＬ）系肉鸡进行３个代谢能水平（１３．４，１２．５，１１．６ＭＪ／ｋｇ）和３个粗蛋白水平（２２．４％，１９．４％，１６．４％）的三因子交叉的遗传－营养互作试验，以探讨肉鸡腹脂及屠体性状的遗传、营养、性别间的互作效应。结果表明：日粮对脂肪沉积的影响存在品系差异，品系与日粮代谢能互作对板油有明显影响（Ｐ＜０．０５）；日粮代谢能和粗蛋白对高ＶＬＤＬ系板油的影响大于低ＶＬＤＬ系，高ＶＬＤＬ系板油随日粮代谢能的升高而升高，而低ＶＬＤＬ系无此规律。品系与日粮代谢能互作对肌胃脂率有明显影响（Ｐ＜０．０５），日粮代谢能对低ＶＬＤＬ系肌胃脂的影响大于高ＶＬＤＬ系，而粗蛋白对高ＶＬＤＬ系肌胃脂的影响大于低ＶＬＤＬ系。品系间肌胃脂的差异在不同日粮代谢能水平下表现不一致。品系与日粮互作对产肉性状未产生明显影响。日粮代谢能与性别间的互作对腿肌率有明显影响（Ｐ＜０．０５），雌性腿肌率随代谢能水平的升高而降低。     

肉鸡血浆极低密度脂蛋白浓度与屠体肥度性状的相关研究

以白羽肉仔鸡为研究材料，４９日龄采血，用此法浊法测定血浆极低密度脂蛋白浓度。试验结果表明，血浆ＶＬＤＬ浓度的变异系数为５５％，其与腹脂重，腹脂率呈显著的正表型相关。体重和屠体重与腹膜重呈极显著的正表型相关，对血浆ＶＬＤＬ浓度的低向选择将间接低体重。为防止肉仔鸡上市体重的下降，应该同时考虑对血浆ＶＬＤＬ浓度和体重的选择。对血浆ＶＬＤＬ浓度的低向选择将降低腹膜重，腹脂率，肝脂含量和肝脂重而对胸肌脂肪含     

肉种鸡血浆极低密度脂蛋白质量浓度双向选择的效应

以父母代肉种鸡为材料，以血浆极低密度脂蛋白（very low density lipoprotein，VLDL）质量浓度为选择指标建立肉鸡高脂系和低脂系，个体测定一世代高、低脂系母鸡产蛋性能、种蛋受精率、孵化率、二世代6周龄体质量，观察血浆VLDL质量浓度选择效应。结果显示，一世代低脂系比高脂系早开产6．7d，低脂系40周龄和54周龄产蛋量显著高于高脂系零世代，一世代低脂系种蛋受精率、受精蛋孵化率、入孵蛋孵化率均优于高脂系；二世代高、低脂系6周龄体质量差异不显著。结果表明，对血浆VLDL质量浓度的低向选择使种鸡产蛋性能、种蛋受精率、孵化率产生了有益的间接反应，但对早期体质量没有影响。     

Plasma biochemical reference intervals for koi

OBJECTIVE: To assess reproducibility of an in-house tabletop biochemical analyzer for measurement of plasma biochemical analytes and establish reference intervals in adult koi. DESIGN: Prospective study. ANIMALS: 71 healthy adult koi. PROCEDURES: Plasma was analyzed for concentrations or activities of albumin, alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, bile acids, BUN, calcium, cholesterol, creatine kinase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, globulin, glucose, K, Na, P, total bilirubin, total protein, and uric acid. Duplicate samples were evaluated by use of the intraclass correlation coefficient to determine reproducibility. To assess the magnitude of differences between replicate samples, the absolute mean difference, SD, and minimum and maximum values were calculated for each analyte. Median values and reference intervals were calculated. RESULTS: Intraclass correlation coefficient values were excellent for all analytes except alanine aminotransferase (good), Na (poor), gamma-glutamyltransferase (poor), and P (poor). Reference intervals were established. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The in-house tabletop biochemical analyzer had good precision for measuring most plasma biochemical analytes. Further research and comparison with other reference procedures are needed before reference intervals and precision can be established for globulin, Na, P, K, and albumin. Aquatic veterinarians may be able to use the reference intervals for adult koi as an important diagnostic tool or as part of a fish wellness program, as commonly done in other domestic species.     

Plasma clearance

Plasma (total, systemic...) clearance is determined by all the individual metabolizing/eliminating organ clearances and involves mainly liver and kidney clearances. Plasma clearance (a volume per time, i.e. a flow) expresses the overall ability of the body to eliminate a drug by scaling the drug elimination rate (amount per time) by the corresponding plasma concentration level. The interpretation of plasma clearance and inter-species comparisons are made easier by computing the overall body extraction ratio (from 0 to 1), which is the ratio of the body clearance divided by cardiac output. Plasma clearance is the most important pharmacokinetic parameter because it is the only one which controls the overall drug exposure (for a given bioavailability) and it is the parameter which allows computation of the dosage required to maintain an average steady-state plasma concentration.     

血浆蛋白粉饲喂仔猪试验报告

本试验设２个组,每组５０头仔猪,试验期分预试期和正试期二个阶段,即７～２８日龄为预试期,２８～４２日龄为正试期。整个试验期饲料不变,试验组饲料含５％血浆蛋白粉（ＡＰ９５０）,对照组不添加血浆蛋白粉（ＡＰ９５０）,进行饲养试验。试验结果显示,２８日龄前（即仔猪断奶前）,饲料中添加５％血浆蛋白粉（ＡＰ９５０）对仔猪增重影响不大,但能增强仔猪抗病力,提高免疫力。在２８～４２日龄期间,添加５％血浆蛋白粉（ＡＰ９５０）能明显提高仔猪的日增重和饲料转化率,试验组饲料转化率比对照组提高１３６％,并能预防和降低仔猪因断奶引起的疫病和应激反应。     

Plasma arginine vasopressin concentration in horses undergoing surgery for colic

Objective – To determine if horses before undergoing anesthesia for surgical correction of colic would have lower plasma arginine vasopressin (AVP) concentrations than healthy horses undergoing anesthesia for arthroscopic surgery, and would not increase their plasma AVP concentrations in response to anesthesia and surgery. Design – Prospective clinical study. Setting – University teaching hospital. Animals – Fourteen horses with colic and 8 healthy horses. Interventions – Horses with colic underwent anesthesia and surgery for alleviation of colic, and healthy horses underwent anesthesia and surgery for arthroscopy. Measurements and Main Results – Plasma AVP was measured perioperatively in horses with colic and in healthy horses. Before anesthesia, and 30 and 60 minutes after induction, horses with colic had greater median plasma AVP concentrations than control horses (P≤0.001); thereafter during anesthesia differences in AVP concentrations between the 2 groups were not significant. In the control group, plasma AVP concentration increased during 120 minutes of anesthesia; no such increase occurred in colic horses. Conclusions – Compared with healthy horses, horses with colic had higher preanesthesia plasma AVP concentrations that did not increase further in response to anesthesia and surgery. Exogenous AVP is associated with decreased splanchnic perfusion in a variety of animal species and, therefore, could be detrimental to horses with colic. Thus, it may be inappropriate to use exogenous AVP in support of blood pressure in anesthetized horses with colic. Further studies are warranted to define appropriate indications for the use of AVP in horses with colic.     

Plasma terminal half-life

Terminal plasma half-life is the time required to divide the plasma concentration by two after reaching pseudo-equilibrium, and not the time required to eliminate half the administered dose. When the process of absorption is not a limiting factor, half-life is a hybrid parameter controlled by plasma clearance and extent of distribution. In contrast, when the process of absorption is a limiting factor, the terminal half-life reflects rate and extent of absorption and not the elimination process (flip-flop pharmacokinetics). The terminal half-life is especially relevant to multiple dosing regimens, because it controls the degree of drug accumulation, concentration fluctuations and the time taken to reach equilibrium.     

等离子体天线开启时间光-电时差测量方法

等离子体天线开启时间测量是当今研究的难点之一,实验将发射光谱信号引入到辉光放电等离子体天线开启时间测量当中,利用原位光谱探测技术将等离子体所发出的光信号转化为具有相同时间特性的电信号,并将该电信号建立的初始时刻与等离子体天线激励电信号产生的初始时刻进行比较,根据等离子体光信号与激励电压信号的时间差测出辉光等离子体天线的开启时间,该方法称为"光-电时差法",可避免探针测量等离子体天线开启时对等离子体和通信信号产生的交互干扰,提高了测量精度。     

鱼浆蛋白粉加工进展及其应用前景

我国人口增长、人民生活水平不断提高,推动了畜禽业、水产养殖业的快速发展,相应地促进了饲料工业的发展．饲料工业产品总产量从20世纪80年代初不足100万t,发展到2004年的9660万t,成为世界上第二饲料生产大国。目前,我国饲料产量仍以每年近6％的速度递增,潜力巨大．但饲料工业后续发展受到我国蛋白资源不足的限制。蛋白资源的开发利用一直是国内外研究热点．从鱼粉生产废水中回收蛋白质,不但使资源得到充分的利用．更重要的是环境得到有效保护。     

Plasma serotonin in horses undergoing surgery for small intestinal colic

This study compared serotonin concentrations in platelet poor plasma (PPP) from healthy horses and horses with surgical small intestinal (SI) colic, and evaluated their association with postoperative ileus, strangulation and non-survival. Plasma samples (with EDTA) from 33 horses with surgical SI colic were collected at several pre- and post-operative time points. Serotonin concentrations were determined using liquid-chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Results were compared with those for 24 healthy control animals. The serotonin concentrations in PPP were significantly lower (P < 0.01) in pre- and post-operative samples from surgical SI colic horses compared to controls. However, no association with postoperative ileus or non-survival could be demonstrated at any time point. In this clinical study, plasma serotonin was not a suitable prognostic factor in horses with SI surgical colic.