复合微生态制剂对产蛋后期蛋鸡养分消化率、免疫功能和肠道菌群的影响

为探究复合微生态制剂对产蛋后期蛋鸡养分消化率、免疫功能和肠道菌群的影响。试验选取60周龄健康海兰灰蛋鸡8 640只,随机分为2组,每组3个重复,每个重复1 440只鸡,对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组在基础饲粮中添加1‰复合微生态制剂,预饲期1周,正试期4周。结果表明:(1)试验组粗蛋白和磷的表观消化率显著提高,分别较对照组提高了8.24%和8.41%(P0.05);(2)试验组血液免疫球蛋白Ig G含量较对照组提高了13.41%(P0.05);(3)试验组盲肠微生物种群数量和有益菌丰度与对照组相比有升高的趋势,有害菌丰度呈降低趋势,但未达到显著水平(P0.05)。综上所述,饲粮中添加1‰复合微生态制剂可提高蛋鸡后期的养分消化率和免疫能力,改善肠道菌群结构,改善机体健康。     

饲粮添加凹凸棒石负载植物精油复合物对蛋鸡生产性能和肠道微生物的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮添加凹凸棒石负载植物精油复合物(EO-PGS)对蛋鸡生产性能和肠道微生物的影响。选取480只65周龄健康的罗曼粉壳蛋鸡,随机分成4组,每组6个重复,每个重复20只。对照组蛋鸡饲喂基础饲粮,试验组蛋鸡分别饲喂在基础饲粮中添加0.50、0.75和1.00 g/kg EO-PGS的试验饲粮。预试期7 d,正试期56 d。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,0.75和1.00 g/kg EO-PGS组的产蛋率显著提高(P0.05)。2)β多样性分析显示,与对照组相比,0.75和1.00 g/kg EO-PGS组盲肠菌群结构分布相对零散,相似度较低。3)在门水平上,与对照组相比,试验组盲肠软壁菌门相对丰度有提高的趋势(P=0.071),0.50和0.75 g/kg EO-PGS组盲肠迷踪菌门相对丰度显著提高(P0.05)。在属水平上,与对照组相比,0.50和0.75 g/kg EO-PGS组盲肠Elusimicrobium相对丰度显著提高(P0.05),0.50 g/kg EO-PGS组盲肠优杆菌属相对丰度显著提高(P0.05)。4)与对照组相比,试验组盲肠双歧杆菌相对丰度显著提高(P0.05),盲肠沙门氏菌相对丰度显著降低(P0.05);0.50和1.00 g/kg EO-PGS组盲肠大肠杆菌相对丰度显著降低(P0.05);0.50 g/kg EO-PGS组十二指肠和盲肠乳酸杆菌相对丰度显著提高(P 0.05)。由此可见,饲粮添加0.50和1.00 g/kg EO-PGS能够改善蛋鸡生产性能,在一定程度上提高微生物多样性,优化肠道菌群结构。     

复合植物提取物对蛋鸡生产性能、肠道黏膜形态及盲肠菌群结构的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加不同水平复合植物提取物对蛋鸡生产性能、肠道黏膜形态及盲肠菌群结构的影响。试验选取960只42周龄的健康状态良好且体重、产蛋率相近的海兰灰蛋鸡,随机分为4组,每组5个重复,每个重复48只鸡。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组在基础饲粮中分别添加150、300和450 mg/kg复合植物提取物。预试期10 d,正试期56 d。结果显示:1)与对照组相比,饲粮中添加300和450 mg/kg复合植物提取物显著提高了蛋鸡的产蛋率(P0.05)。2)与对照组相比,饲粮中添加300 mg/kg复合植物提取物显著降低了空肠和十二指肠隐窝深度(P0.05),显著增加了十二指肠绒毛高度与隐窝深度的比值(P0.05)。3)在盲肠菌群结构方面,与对照组相比,在门水平上,饲粮中添加300和450 mg/kg复合植物提取物显著提高了拟杆菌门的相对丰度(P0.05),饲粮中添加450 mg/kg复合植物提取物显著降低了厚壁菌门的相对丰度(P0.05);在属水平上,饲粮中添加450 mg/kg复合植物提取物显著提高了拟杆菌属的相对丰度(P0.05),有提高艾克曼菌属相对丰度的趋势(P=0.063)。综上所述,在本试验条件下,饲粮中添加300 mg/kg复合植物提取物可提高蛋鸡的产蛋率,降低空肠和十二指肠隐窝深度,提高十二指肠绒毛高度和隐窝深度,并提高盲肠菌群中拟杆菌门的相对丰度,从而改善蛋鸡的肠道黏膜形态及盲肠菌群结构,提高生产性能。     

酿酒酵母培养物替代抗生素对断奶仔猪生长性能、养分消化率及盲肠微生物区系的影响

本试验旨在研究酿酒酵母培养物替代抗生素对断奶仔猪生长性能、养分消化率以及盲肠微生物区系的影响。试验选用体重相近的28日龄断奶仔猪180头,随机分成3组,每组4个重复,每个重复15头仔猪。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,抗生素组在基础饲粮的基础上添加75 g/t金霉素+50 g/t吉他霉素+10 g/t维吉尼亚霉素,酿酒酵母培养物组在基础饲粮的基础上添加5 kg/t的酿酒酵母培养物。试验期38 d。结果显示:1)酿酒酵母培养物组断奶仔猪平均日增重显著高于对照组(P0.05),料重比显著低于对照组(P0.05),且与抗生素组相比没有显著性差异(P0.05)。2)酿酒酵母培养物组的粗蛋白质、粗脂肪和磷的表观消化率均显著高于对照组(P0.05),且与抗生素组相比没有显著性差异(P0.05)。3)与对照组相比,饲粮添加酿酒酵母培养物和抗生素对断奶仔猪盲肠微生物多样性均没有显著性影响(P0.05),但是均可以影响断奶仔猪盲肠微生物的菌群丰度。其中,对照组瘤胃球菌科UCG-005(Ruminococcaceae UCG-005)的相对丰度显著高于抗生素组和酿酒酵母培养物组(P0.05)。而与对照组相比,饲粮添加酿酒酵母培养物显著降低了螺旋体门(Spirochaeates)的相对丰度(P0.05),而饲粮添加酿酒酵母培养物和抗生素均显著降低了克里斯滕森菌科R-7群(Christensenellaceae R-7 group)、大肠埃希菌-志贺菌属(Escherichia-Shigella)和密螺旋体属2(Treponema 2)的相对丰度(P0.05),饲粮添加酿酒酵母培养物组有提高普雷沃氏菌属2(Prevotella 2)(P=0.064)、普雷沃氏菌属7(Prevotella 7)(P=0.058)以及普雷沃氏菌属9(Prevotella 9)(P=0.072)相对丰度的趋势。与抗生素组相比,饲粮添加酿酒酵母培养物有提高普雷沃氏菌属7相对丰度的趋势(P=0.072)。与抗生素组和对照组相比,酿酒酵母培养物组四大主菌门的总相对丰度显著提高(P0.05)。综上所述,饲粮添加酿酒酵母培养物能够提高断奶仔猪的生长性能,降低腹泻率,提高养分消化率,改善盲肠微生物的菌群丰度,降低肠道致病菌的丰度,达到与添加抗生素相似的饲喂效果。     

葡萄糖氧化酶对生长獭兔营养物质利用、盲肠菌群结构及肠道消化酶活性的影响

本试验旨在研究葡萄糖氧化酶(GOD)对生长獭兔营养物质利用、盲肠菌群结构及肠道消化酶活性的影响。选取40日龄生长獭兔150只,随机分为5组,每组设5个重复,每个重复6只(公母各占1/2)。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,4个试验组饲喂在基础饲粮的基础上分别添加0.1%、0.2%、0.3%和0.4%GOD的试验饲粮。预试期5 d,正试期30 d。结果表明:1)能量的表观消化率和表观消化能以对照组最低,0.4%组最高;各试验组粗纤维表观消化率较对照组有不同程度提高,其中0.4%组提高16.10%,差异显著(P0.05)。2)0.4%组可消化氮、氮沉积量、氮利用率和氮生物利用率分别较对照组提高12.39%、17.48%、15.68%和12.78%,且均差异显著(P0.05)。3)饲粮中添加GOD能够在一定程度上降低盲肠p H。与对照组相比,0.4%组盲肠乳酸菌和双歧杆菌数量显著提高(P0.05),大肠杆菌数量显著降低(P0.05);0.3%组盲肠双歧杆菌数量显著提高(P0.05)。4)0.4%组十二指肠部位胰蛋白酶活性显著高于对照组(P0.05),空肠部位乳糖酶活性极显著高于对照组(P0.01)。综合分析认为,饲粮中添加GOD能够改善饲粮中营养物质利用和獭兔肠道菌群结构,提高肠道消化酶活性,建议添加量为0.4%(60 U/kg)。     

益生菌对断奶仔猪生长性能、养分表观消化率和肠道菌群的影响

本试验旨在探讨复合益生菌替代抗生素的效果,研究日粮中添加植物乳杆菌和枯草芽孢杆菌对断奶仔猪生长性能、养分表观消化率和肠道菌群的影响。试验选取健康、体重接近的25日龄断奶仔猪72头(杜×长×大三元杂交),随机分为3组,每组3个重复,每个重复8头仔猪。3个组分别饲喂不含抗生素和益生菌的基础日粮(对照组),添加金霉素的基础日粮(抗生素组),添加复合益生菌制剂(植物乳杆菌和枯草芽孢杆菌)的基础日粮(益生菌组),试验为期28 d。结果表明:在整个试验期间(1~28 d),饲料中添加抗生素和复合益生菌制剂对平均日采食量没有明显影响,但显著提高了仔猪的平均日增重(P0.05)、料肉比与对照组相比分别降低了4.97%和2.21%;与对照组相比,饲料中添加抗生素和复合益生菌制剂能显著提高日粮中粗脂肪、粗蛋白质和钙的表观消化率(P0.05),但对磷的表观消化率没有显著性影响(P0.05);复合益生菌制剂能显著抑制大肠杆菌在肠道内的增殖(P0.05),增加有益菌双歧杆菌和乳酸杆菌在肠道内的增殖(P0.05),抗生素同样能抑制肠道中大肠杆菌的增殖,但对有益菌双歧杆菌的生长会产生一定的不利影响。因此,日粮中添加复合益生菌制剂可以显著改善仔猪的生长性能、提高养分消化率,调节肠道菌群,具有良好的促生长效果。     

饲粮添加苏氨酸对蛋鸡肠道屏障和肠道微生物的影响

本试验旨在研究低蛋白饲粮添加苏氨酸对蛋鸡的产蛋性能、肠道粘蛋白2、肠道分泌型白蛋白A(sIgA)和肠道微生物的影响。选取240只产蛋率和体重相近、健康的28周龄来杭褐色蛋鸡,随机分成3个处理,每个处理5个重复,每个重复16只鸡。试鸡分别饲喂对照基础饲粮(粗蛋白质含量为16%)、低蛋白饲粮(粗蛋白质含量为14%)以及在低蛋白饲粮基础上添加0.3%的L-苏氨酸,试验期为12周。通过化学分析测定对照组、低蛋白组和低蛋白添加L-苏氨酸组的饲粮中苏氨酸含量分别为0.49%、0.45%和0.69%。结果表明,低蛋白饲粮显著降低蛋鸡的产蛋率和日产蛋重,而在低蛋白饲粮中添加苏氨酸可显著提高蛋鸡产蛋率和日产蛋重(P0.05)。此外,饲粮添加苏氨酸还显著提高了蛋鸡回肠粘蛋白2、sIgA的转录水平和sIgA的含量(P0.05)。低蛋白饲粮降低蛋鸡肠道菌群的多样性(P0.05),而在低蛋白饲粮中添加苏氨酸可恢复蛋鸡肠道菌群多样性,并显著提高潜在有益菌群的丰度。总之,低蛋白饲粮补充苏氨酸可通过调控肠道粘蛋白和sIgA的表达以及微生物种群来影响蛋鸡肠道健康,从而影响蛋鸡产蛋性能。     

酶解青蒿联合地衣芽孢杆菌对肉仔鸡生长性能和盲肠菌群的影响

本试验旨在研究酶解青蒿联合地衣芽孢杆菌饲喂肉仔鸡对其生长性能和盲肠菌群的影响。选取1日龄科宝(Cobb)肉仔鸡480只,随机分为4组(每组6个重复,每个重复20只):对照组饲喂基础饲粮,抗生素组、试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组分别在基础饲粮中添加20 mg/kg抗生素(主要成分为维吉尼霉素)、1 g/kg酶解青蒿以及1 g/kg酶解青蒿+200 mg/kg地衣芽孢杆菌。试验期42 d。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,试验Ⅱ组肉仔鸡平均日增重显著提高(P0.05),抗生素组和试验Ⅰ组平均日增重分别提高5.18%和7.49%(P0.05);试验Ⅱ组肉仔鸡终末体重显著提高(P0.05),抗生素组和试验Ⅰ组分别提高6.94%和6.94%(P0.05)。各组肉仔鸡平均日采食量和料重比差异不显著(P0.05)。2)对肉仔鸡盲肠菌群进行alpha多样性分析发现,抗生素组和各试验组盲肠菌群多样性均有所提高(P0.05)。对4组肉仔鸡盲肠菌群组成进行分析显示,在门水平上,优势菌门主要为厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)和软壁菌门(Tenericutes)。与对照组相比,抗生素组和各试验组厚壁菌门相对丰度显著提高(P0.05),试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组拟杆菌门相对丰度显著降低(P0.05)。在属水平上,与对照组相比,抗生素组和各试验组拟杆菌属相对丰度显著降低(P0.05),试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组粪杆菌属相对丰度显著提高(P0.05),试验Ⅱ组瘤胃球菌科UCG-014菌属相对丰度显著提高(P0.05)。由此得出,酶解青蒿用于肉仔鸡饲粮具有替代抗生素的潜质。饲粮单独添加酶解青蒿具有改善肉仔鸡生长性能的趋势,酶解青蒿和地衣芽孢杆菌联用可通过改善盲肠菌群结构,提高肠道菌群多样性,以及提高厚壁菌门与拟杆菌门相对丰度的比例来提高肉鸡生长性能。     

复合益生菌对断奶仔猪生长性能及肠道菌群的影响

本文旨在研究益生菌凝结芽孢杆菌和枯草芽孢杆菌组合运用对断奶仔猪生长性能及肠道菌群的影响。选取54头25 日龄健康的断奶仔猪分成2个处理组,每个处理组27头。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组饲喂基础日粮添加复合益生菌（凝结芽孢杆菌800 g/t垣枯草芽孢杆菌400 g/t）。通过体外牛津杯试验评估凝结芽孢杆菌和枯草芽孢杆菌组合对断奶仔猪肠道致病大肠杆菌K88的抑菌性能,确定凝结芽孢杆菌和枯草芽孢杆菌在饲粮中最佳的添加比例。试验第8d,仔猪盲肠食糜 取样,测定盲肠肠道菌群。试验结果显示,饲粮中添加凝结芽孢杆菌和枯草芽孢杆菌能够显著（P＜0.05）降低断奶仔猪料肉比和腹泻率;同时,显著增加（P＜0.05）断奶仔猪盲肠中乳酸杆菌的数量,显著降低（P＜0.05）断奶仔猪盲肠中大肠杆 菌的数量。以上结果表明,饲粮中添加凝结芽孢杆菌和枯草芽孢杆菌能够抑制肠道中有害菌大肠杆菌的数量,增加肠道菌群有益菌乳酸杆菌数量,改善断奶仔猪生长性能。     

抗菌肽Sublancin对肉鸡生长性能、养分利用及盲肠菌群的影响

通过2个试验研究抗菌肽Sublancin对肉鸡生长性能、养分利用和盲肠菌群的影响。试验1:选取432只1日龄爱拔益加肉公鸡,随机分为4组(每组6个重复,每个重复18只鸡),分别为对照组(饲喂不含抗生素的基础饲粮)、抗生素组(饲喂基础饲粮+20 mg/kg硫酸黏杆菌素)、低剂量抗菌肽组(饲喂基础饲粮+150 mg/kg Sublancin)和高剂量抗菌肽组(饲喂基础饲粮+300 mg/kg Sublancin),试验持续42 d。于试验第1天、第21天和第42天时,对肉鸡称重、结料,计算平均日采食量、平均日增重和饲料转化率;于试验第21和第42天时,每个重复随机抽取1只鸡,收集盲肠食糜用于分析盲肠菌群。试验2:选取288只1日龄爱拔益加肉公鸡,随机分成3组(每组8个重复,每个重复12只鸡),分别为对照组(饲喂不含抗生素的基础饲粮)、抗生素组(饲喂基础饲粮+80 mg/kg金霉素)和抗菌肽组(饲喂基础饲粮+300 mg/kg Sublancin),试验持续28 d。于试验第1天和第21天,对肉鸡称重、结料,计算平均日采食量、平均日增重和饲料转化率;试验第19~21天收集粪尿,测定养分表观代谢率和氮沉积;于试验第22天,每只肉鸡灌服1 mL大肠杆菌K88菌悬液(109CFU/mL),第28天时每个重复选取1只鸡,收集盲肠食糜用于分析盲肠菌群。结果显示:与对照组相比,饲粮中添加300 mg/kg抗菌肽Sublancin或20 mg/kg硫酸黏杆菌素显著提高试验前期(1~21 d)、后期(22~42 d)以及全期(1~42 d)肉鸡的平均日增重和饲料转化率(P0.05),并显著降低试验第21天和第42天肉鸡盲肠中大肠杆菌和总需氧菌数量(P0.05)。300 mg/kg Sublancin组与抗生素组肉鸡的生长性能无显著差异(P0.05)。与对照组相比,饲粮添加300 mg/kg抗菌肽Sublancin或80 mg/kg抗生素金霉素显著提高了粗蛋白质表观代谢率和氮沉积率(P0.05)。抗菌肽组肉鸡的养分表观代谢率和氮沉积率与抗生素组没有显著差异(P0.05)。抗菌肽组肉鸡的氮沉积量显著高于对照组和抗生素组(P0.05)。与对照组相比,饲粮添加300 mg/kg抗菌肽Sublancin或80 mg/kg抗生素金霉素显著降低了感染大肠杆菌K88肉鸡盲肠中大肠杆菌的数量(P0.05),抗菌肽组与抗生素组之间无显著差异(P0.05)。由此得出,抗菌肽Sublancin用于肉鸡饲粮中抗生素替代物具有潜在的价值。饲粮中添加300 mg/kg抗菌肽Sublancin可通过提高养分利用率,减少肠道有害细菌数量来提高肉鸡的生长性能。     

饮水中添加复合益生菌对岭南黄羽肉鸡生长性能和肠道微生物菌群结构的影响

[目的] 研究饮水中添加复合益生菌对岭南黄羽肉鸡生长性能和肠道微生物菌群结构的影响。[方法] 选取270只21日龄健康快大型岭南黄羽肉鸡,随机分为3组,对照组饲喂基础饲粮,抗生素组饲喂基础饲粮+300 g/t 15%金霉素和40 g/t 50%维吉尼亚霉素,益生菌组饲喂基础饲粮+复合益生菌（饮水）,其中,复合益生菌制剂为1：1：1配伍的罗伊氏乳杆菌、植物乳杆菌和酿酒酵母,各菌种添加量为1.0×10⁶ CFU/mL,试验期5周,全程自由采食和饮水。[结果] ①22~42日龄,与对照组相比,益生菌组和抗生素组的料重比（F/G）均显著降低（P<0.05）;22~56日龄,与对照组相比,益生菌组和抗生素组的平均日增重（ADG）均显著提高（P<0.05）,且益生菌组死淘率最低,均一性优于对照组与抗生素组。②42日龄时,抗生素组回肠Observed Species指数、Shannon指数和Ace指数均显著高于对照组和益生菌组（P<0.05）,盲肠Observed Species指数显著低于对照组和益生菌组（P<0.05）;③益生菌组在厚壁菌门、乳杆菌属的相对丰度上占有优势,而其他各菌门、各菌属中抗生素组都呈现出较高的相对丰度,益生菌组与对照组表现出相同的趋势。[结论] 饮水中添加复合益生菌可以显著改善22~56日龄岭南黄羽肉鸡的生长性能,有效降低死淘率,整体效果明显优于对照组,接近抗生素组,有部分高效替抗功能;在肠道微生物方面,益生菌组整体上表现出与对照组更大的相似性,说明饮水中添加复合益生菌对肠道微生物的影响不大。     

非淀粉多糖酶对广西三黄鸡生长性能、养分表观消化率及肠道健康的影响

试验探讨非淀粉多糖酶对饲喂小麦-棕榈粕型日粮的广西三黄鸡生长性能、养分表观消化率及肠道健康的影响.选取360羽(公、母各半)9周龄广西三黄鸡随机分3组,每组3个重复,每个重复40羽鸡.对照组三黄鸡饲喂基础日粮,试验Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组分别在基础日粮中添加0.01％木聚糖酶、0.01％木聚糖酶+0.01％β-甘露聚糖酶.结果 显示...     

Effect of potential multimicrobe probiotic product processed by high drying temperature and antibiotic on performance of weanling pigs

In this study, the effect of a potential multimicrobe probiotic subjected to high-temperature drying was investigated. Potential multimicrobe probiotics produced by solid substrate fermentation were dried at low (LT, 40°C for 72 h) or high (HT, 70°C for 36 h) temperature. In Exp. 1, 288 weaned pigs (BW, 6.43 ± 0.68 kg) were allotted to 4 treatments on the basis of BW (4 pens per treatment with 18 pigs in each pen). Dietary treatments were negative control (NC; basal diet without any antimicrobial), positive control (PC; basal diet + 0.1% chlortetracycline), basal diet with 0.3% probiotic LT, and basal diet with 0.3% probiotic HT. Diets were fed in 2 phases, phase I (d 0 to 14) and phase II (d 15 to 28); and growth performance, apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD, d 28), and fecal microflora (d 14 and 28) were evaluated. Over the 28-d trial, pigs fed PC and probiotic diets had greater ADG (P < 0.001), ADFI (P < 0.05), and G:F (P < 0.01) than pigs fed NC diet. The ATTD of DM and GE was greater (P < 0.05) in pigs fed probiotic diets when compared with pigs fed the NC diet. At d 28, fewer Clostridia (P < 0.01) were identified in the feces of pigs fed PC and probiotic diets than pigs fed the NC diet. However, the performance, ATTD of DM and GE, and fecal Clostridia population were similar among pigs fed probiotic LT and HT diets. In Exp. 2, 288 weaned pigs (initial BW, 5.84 ± 0.18 kg) were allotted to 4 treatments in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement on the basis of BW. The effects of 2 levels of probiotic HT (0.30 or 0.60%), each with or without antibiotic (chlortetracycline, 0 or 0.1%), on performance, ATTD, intestinal morphology, and fecal and intestinal microflora were investigated. Feeding of 0.60% probiotic HT diet improved (P < 0.05) overall ADG, ATTD of DM and GE, and Lactobacillus population in the feces and intestine, and reduced the population of Clostridium and coliforms in feces (d 14) and ileum. Inclusion of antibiotic improved (P < 0.05) the overall ADG, ADFI, and ATTD of DM at d 14 and reduced fecal Clostridium population at d 28. Increased (P < 0.05) villus height at jejunum and ileum, and villus height:crypt depth at the ileum was noticed in pigs fed 0.60% probiotic HT and antibiotic diets. In conclusion, high drying temperature had no effect on the efficacy of potential multimicrobe probiotic product. However, the probiotic product dried at high temperature was more effective at 0.60% inclusion, whereas inclusion of an antibiotic improved pig performance but did not show any interaction with probiotics.     

Evaluating two multistrain probiotics on growth performance,intestinal morphology,lipid oxidation and ileal microflora in chickens

An experiment was conducted to investigate the supplementation of two commercially available multistrain probiotics as an alternative to antibiotics on growth performance, intestinal morphology, lipid oxidation and ileal microflora in broiler chickens. A total of 280‐day‐old ROSS 308 mixed‐sex broiler chickens with an average initial body weight of 42 ± 0.5 g were randomly divided into four treatments with five replicate cages of 14 birds each cage in a completely randomized design and fed with the following diets for 42 day: (a) control (CON) (antibiotic‐free diet), (b) antibiotic (ANT) (CON + Avilamycin 150 g/ton feed), (c) probiotic A (CON + Protexin^® 150 g/ton feed) and (d) probiotic B (CON + Bio‐Poul^® 200 g/ton feed). The results showed the broilers fed the ANT diet had greater average daily gain than broilers fed the CON diet during day 1–14 (p < 0.05). At day 42, two birds were randomly selected per replicate for evaluation intestinal morphology, lipid oxidation and ileal microflora. birds fed diet supplemented with probiotic A and probiotic B increased villus height and goblet cells numbers in the jejunum and villus height to crypt depth ratio and villus height in the ileum as compared to birds fed CON diet (p < 0.05). The malondialdehyde value was reduced (p < 0.05) in the ANT, probiotic B and probiotic A groups compared with the CON group. The Lactobacillus population was increased and Clostridium spp. population decreased in the ileum of broilers fed diets containing the probiotic B and probiotic A compared with those fed CON diet (p < 0.05). The results from this study indicate that the probiotic A (Protexin^®) and probiotic B (Bio‐Poul^®) used in this trial may serve as alternatives to ANT.     

复合微生态制剂对蛋鸡产蛋性能、蛋品质、血清生化指标和肠道形态的影响

试验在基础饲粮中添加由丁酸梭菌和屎肠球菌组成的复合微生态制剂,研究其对产蛋高峰期蛋鸡的产蛋性能、蛋品质、血清生化指标、肠道形态的影响.选取产蛋率和体重接近的40周龄健康的海兰褐蛋鸡400只,随机分成4组,每组5个重复,每个重复20只鸡.对照组蛋鸡饲喂基础饲粮,抗生素组在基础饲粮中添加200 g/t金霉素,试验1组、2组...     

Effect of a synbiotic on the intestinal microflora of chickens

The current experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of a synbiotic (Biomin Imbo) on intestinal microflora of Ross broiler chickens. A total of 200 male chickens were randomly divided into 20 groups of 10 birds each, kept in 20 pens (1.5 × 1 m each), and fed for 42 d at different synbiotic levels. Treatments included (1) a basal diet without synbiotics (control), (2) a basal diet with synbiotic levels proposed by the manufacturer, (3) a basal diet with synbiotic levels 25% lower than those proposed by the manufacturer, (4) a basal diet with synbiotic levels 50% higher than those proposed by the manufacturer, and (5) a basal diet with synbiotic levels 25% higher than those proposed by the manufacturer. At the end of the 42-d feeding period, 1 bird was randomly selected from each experimental unit, humanely euthanized, and the cecum was removed to measure the microbial population. The cecal contents were collected in discharge containers for microbial cultures, and counts were conducted after microbial culture. The addition of the synbiotic reduced Escherichia coli and total coliform populations in the intestines of broiler chickens. Conversely, different levels of probiotic increased the numbers of lactobacilli in the intestine of broiler chickens. Concentrations of the synbiotic higher than the recommended levels in the diet increased the lactic acid bacteria population in the gut of broiler chickens.     

益生菌剂对仔猪肠道菌群的影响

为研究益生菌剂对仔猪肠道菌群的影响,选择60头7.5 kg左右的"杜洛克猪×长白猪×大白猪"原种猪,随机分成2组,每组3个重复,每个重复10头。将仔猪分为试验组和对照组,对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组饲喂基础日粮+0.1%益生菌剂,检测各组仔猪生产性能及肠道菌群等。试验结果表明,益生菌制剂能显著降低仔猪腹泻率(P<0.05),促进仔猪的生长;大肠杆菌和肠球菌是仔猪肠道非常住菌群(过路菌),乳酸杆菌、双歧杆菌、产气荚膜梭菌为常住菌群;益生菌剂能极显著减少仔猪肠道的好氧菌(P<0.01),极显著增加仔猪肠道的厌氧菌、双歧杆菌和乳酸杆菌(P<0.01),显著降低仔猪肠道的产气荚膜梭菌(P<0.05)。因此,饲料中添加益生菌剂能有效改善仔猪肠道菌群。     

Effects of Probiotics Interaction on Growth Performance,Intestinal Digestion and Absorption,and Sugar Transporter GLUT2 in Broilers

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of probiotic interaction on growth performance, intestinal nutrient digestion and absorption, and related sugar transporters in broiler. Two hundred 1-day-old male Arbor Acres broilers were selected, and then randomly divided into 4 groups with 5 replicates per group and 10 for each replicate. Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium lactis were mixed in proportion, and then fermented in milk. The chicks in the control group received normal drinking water, the chicks in probiotic group Ⅰ (mixed ratio of 2:1:1), group Ⅱ (mixed ratio of 1:2:1), and group III (mixed ratio of 1:1:2) received drinking water supplemented with 1% compound probiotics. All chickens were fed with normal diet for 42 days, every 21 days as a stage. The results showed that: 1) Compared to control group, the ADG(P<0.05) and feed conversion ratio (P>0.05) of broilers in all probiotic groups were improved. Furthermore, the production performance of broilers in probiotic group Ⅰ was higher than those of probiotic group Ⅱ and Ⅲ. 2) Compared to control group, specific activities of amylase, lipase, trypsin in jejunum of probiotic groups increased significantly (P<0.05). 3) In all probiotic groups, the intestinal villus height increased significantly (P<0.05), crypt depth decreased significantly (P<0.05), and the expression of glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2), particularly in probiotic group Ⅰ and Ⅲ, was significantly upregulated (P<0.05). In conclusion, probiotics interaction can enhance digestive enzyme activity, improve the structure of digestive tract, upregulate the expression of nutrient transporter, improve the nutrient digestibility and energy absorption efficiency, and further improve production performance of broiler. When the mixing ratio of L. casei, L. acidophilus and B. lactis was 2:1:1, the compound probiotics had a better effect on broilers.     

益生菌互作对肉鸡生长性能、肠道消化吸收及糖转运蛋白GLUT2影响的研究

旨在研究益生菌互作对肉鸡生长性能、肠道养分消化吸收及相关糖转运蛋白的影响。本研究中,200只1日龄雄性爱拔益加肉雏鸡被随机分为4组,每组5个重复,每个重复10只。将干酪乳杆菌、嗜酸乳杆菌和双歧杆菌分别按比例混合后于牛乳中发酵。对照组正常饮水（control组）,益生菌Ⅰ组（混合比例为2：1：1）、Ⅱ组（混合比例为1：2：1）、Ⅲ组（混合比例为1：1：2）补充1%复合菌乳制品于饮用水中,各组皆饲喂基础日粮。整个试验饲养周期为42 d,每21 d为一个阶段。结果表明：1）与对照组相比,益生菌互作组均可显著提高肉鸡平均日增重（P<0.05）,改善饲料利用率（P>0.05）,在所有益生菌互作组中,益生菌Ⅰ组的肉鸡生长性能最好;2）益生菌互作显著刺激了空肠淀粉酶、脂肪酶、胰蛋白酶的特异性活性（P<0.05）;3）益生菌互作组均显著提高了小肠绒毛高度（P<0.05）,降低了隐窝深度（P<0.05）,上调了GLUT2 mRNA的表达（P<0.05）,其中,以益生菌Ⅰ、Ⅲ组作用最佳。综上所述,益生菌互作能够增强消化酶活性、改善消化道结构、上调营养转运蛋白表达,提高养分的消化率及能量吸收有效性,从而提高肉鸡的生产性能;且当干酪乳杆菌、嗜酸乳杆菌和双歧杆菌的混合配比为2：1：1时,复合益生菌制剂对肉鸡的作用效果较佳。     

A multi-microbe probiotic formulation processed at low and high drying temperatures: effects on growth performance,nutrient retention and caecal microbiology of broilers

1. Two experiments were conducted to evaluate a multi-microbe probiotic formulation processed at low (LT) or high (HT) drying temperature.

2. In both the experiments, 640 d-old Ross male chicks were randomly allotted to 4 treatments on the basis of initial BW for 35 d experiments.

3. In experiment one, dietary treatments were a negative control (NC; basal diet without any antimicrobial); positive control (PC; basal diet +10?mg/kg avilamycin); basal diet with 0·3% probiotic LT; and basal diet with 0·3% probiotic HT.

4. Improved overall weight gain, FCR and retention of CP were observed in birds fed the PC and probiotic diets when compared with birds fed the NC diet. At d 21, birds fed the probiotic and NC diets had more caecal Bifidobacterium and total anaerobes than birds fed the PC diet; while birds fed the PC and probiotic diets had fewer caecal Clostridium than birds fed the NC diet at d 35.

5. In experiment two, a 2?×?2 factorial arrangement of treatments was employed to evaluate the effects of two concentrations of probiotic HT (0·30 or 0·60%) and avilamycin (0 or 10?mg/kg).

6. Birds fed the 0·60% probiotic HT diet showed improved overall weight gain and CP retention, higher Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium in the caecum, and reduced Clostridium and coliforms in the caecum. Inclusion of avilamycin improved the overall weight gain and feed intake, and reduced the caecal Clostridium and Bifidobacterium population.

7. In conclusion, high drying temperature had no effect on the efficacy of the multi-microbe probiotic formulation; while the probiotic HT formulation was more effective at the 0·60% level. Moreover, inclusion of avilamycin improved performance of birds but did not have any interaction with probiotics.