鸡毒霉浆体分子生物学研究进展

霉浆体（Ｍｙｃｏｐｌａｓｍａ）是一类缺乏细胞壁的原核生物,最早由Ｎｏｃｏｒｄ和Ｒｏｕｘ（１８９８）发现,分类上属软皮体细（Ｍｏｌｌｉｃｕｔｅｓ）,软皮体纲迄今发现了１００多种。鸡毒霉浆体（Ｍｙｃｏｐｌａｓｍａ　ｇａｌｌｉｓｅｐｔｉｃｕｍ,ＭＧ）是引起鸡慢性呼吸道病的主要病原,因其广泛的致病性和严重的经济损失而引起重视。近年来,ＭＧ的研究从常规的病原分离、血清学试验、免疫和药物控制发展到分子生物学研究,使人们从本质上更深人地了解了ＭＧ的属性,并为控制ＭＧ感染提供了新技术。本文综述ＭＧ在基因研究和分…     

ELISA和IHA检测猪肺炎支原体抗体的比较

猪喘气病（ＭｙｃｏｐｌａｓｍａＰｎｅｕｍｏｎｉａｏｆＳｗｉｎｅ,ＭＰＳ）,又称猪地方流行性肺炎（Ｅｎｚｏｏｔｉｃｐｎｅｕｍｏｎｉａｏｆｐｉｇ）,是由猪肺炎支原体（Ｍ．ｈｙｏｐｎｅｕｍｏｎｉａｅ）引起的一种慢性呼吸道传染病。该病存在于世界各地,是造成养...     

应用PCR-RFLP分析鉴定鸡毒支原体

本试验合成１对引物,对鸡毒支原体（Ｍｙｃｏｐｌａｓｍａｇａｌｌｉｓｅｐｔｉｃｕｍ,ＭＧ）、滑液支原体（Ｍｙｃｏｐｌａｓｍａｓｙｎｏｖｉａｅ,ＭＳ）１６ＳｒＲＮＡ和２３ＳｒＲＮＡ基因的间隔区序列进行ＰＣＲ扩增,然后分别用ＲｓａⅠ、ＤｒａⅠ对上述扩增产物限制性酶,所获得的片段进行琼脂糖凝胶电泳。     

禽败血支原体病的预防与控制

禽败血支原体病主要是指鸡或者火鸡的一种慢性呼吸道传染病。１病原迄今为止确认对鸡致病的支原体仅有三种:一是引起鸡的慢性呼吸道病和火鸡的传染性鼻窦炎的禽败血支原体（ＭｙｃｏｐｌａｓｍａＧａｌｌｉｓｅｐｔｉｕｍ，ＭＧ）;二是引起鸡和火鸡亚临床或临床感染的滑液膜支原体（ＭｙｃｏｐｌａｓｍａＳｙｎｏｖｉａｅ，ＭＳ）;三是引起火鸡气囊炎的火鸡支原体（ＭｙｃｏｐｌａｓｍａＭｅｌｅａｇｒｉｄｅｓ，ＭＭ）。鸡败血支原体一般为球形、卵圆形,有时为棒状或球杆状,大小约为０．２～０．５μｍ,利用瑞氏染色液或姬姆萨染色液染色时…     

强力泰乐菌素对人工诱发的鸡支原体-大肠杆菌感染的疗效试验

兽医临床上 ,鸡支原体 (Ｍｙｃｏｐｌａｓｍａｇａｌｌｉｓｅｐｔｉｃｕｍ ,ＭＧ)感染常并发大肠杆菌 (Ｅ ｃｏｌｉ)等其他病原体 ,形成混合型慢性呼吸道病 (ＣｈｒｏｎｉｃＲｅｓｐｉｒａｔｏｒｙＤｉｓｅａｓｅ ,ＣＲＤ)。泰乐菌素 (Ｔｙ ｌｏｓｉｎ)是一种防治支原体感染的大环内酯类药物 ,但对革兰氏阴性菌效果差 ,故在实际用药中 ,还应联合其他抗菌药物。本试验通过人工诱发支原体 大肠杆菌感染 ,评价泰乐菌素联合磺胺二甲嘧啶钠 (ＳｕｌｆａｄｉｍｉｄｉｎｅＳｏｄｉｕｍＳＭ2 Ｎａ)加三甲氧苄氨嘧啶 (Ｔｒｉｍｅｔｈｏｐｒｉｍ ,Ｔ…     

动物支原体

支原体亦称霉形体，最早由Nocard和Roux(1898)由牛传染性胸膜肺炎病例中分离到，由于性质难以界定，遂将这一类微生物命名为类胸膜肺炎微生物(pleuropneumonia-like organisms)，简称PPLO，后归为软膜体纲(Mollicutes)支原体目。支原体目下没一科，支原体科，科内设两属：支原体属(Mycoplasma)，属内有120种；脲原体属(Ureaplasma)，属内有6种，常见的动物支原体属此两属。     

慢性呼吸道病的综合防治

慢性呼吸道病的综合防治富道－苏威公司技术服务部慢性呼吸道病（ｃｈｒｏｎｉｃｒｅｓｐｉｒａｔｏｒｙｄｉｓｅａｓｅ，ＣＲＤ）是由鸡败血霉浆体（Ｍｙｃｏｐｌａｓｍａｇａｌｉｓｅｐｔｉｃｕｍ，ＭＧ）引起的，其特征是呼吸道罗音、咳嗽、鼻漏，并可见气囊炎。可造成...     

抗支原体病免疫接种和母源抗体

由猪肺炎支原体 (Ｍｙｃｏｐｌａｓｍａｈｙｏｐｎｅｕｍｏｎｉａｅ)引起的猪肺炎一直对全世界养猪业造成着严重的健康问题。猪肺炎支原体感染还为继发性细菌感染创造了条件 ,因而还是猪呼吸道疾病复合症的重要成员。支原体性肺炎可造成巨大的经济损失 ,尤其是在猪的生长阶段。免疫接种是使生长猪获得坚实的抗支原体保护力的重要手段。然而 ,有些猪群中存在母源抗体会在疫苗诱导产生免疫力之前就与疫苗抗原相结合 ,从而严重干扰免疫接种的效力。对生长猪的母源抗体水平进行监测 ,在母源抗体水平降低到对主动免疫力的产生不至于形成干扰时才…     

鸡毒霉形体病研究进展

鸡毒霉形体病研究进展李自力毕丁仁（华中农业大学畜牧兽医学院，湖北武汉４３００７０）霉形体（Ｍｙｃｏｐｌａｓｍａ）是一类缺乏细胞壁的原核生物。现已命名的禽源霉形体共有２１种［１］，最重要的三个成员是：鸡毒霉形体（Ｍｙｃｏｐｌａｓｍａｇａｌｉｓｅｐｔｉｃ...     

鸡毒支原体病研究进展

鸡毒支原体病是由鸡毒支原体（ Ｍｙｃｏｐｌａｓｍａｇａｌｌｉｓｅｐｔｉｃｕｍ,ＭＧ）引起的鸡、火鸡慢性呼吸道病（Ｃｈｒｏｎｉｃ　 Ｒｅｓ－ｐｉｒａｔｏｒｙ　Ｄｉｓｅａｓｅ,ＣＲＤ）,临床上主要表现为咳嗽、流鼻涕,呼吸时发出罗音,严重时张口呼吸。据统计,鸡毒支原体感染鸡群后,雏鸡的弱雏率增加 １０％左右,蛋鸡的产蛋率下降 １０％－２０％,肉鸡的体重减少３８％,出栏期延长,饲料转化率降低２１％,并可间接地引起大量的药费开支,是危害养鸡业的重要疾病之一。因此,多年来世界各国对此病非常重视,特别是近年来在分…     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1983

In late December 1983, 2 800 veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of heartworm disease in Canada in 1983 and 26% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 59 504 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 771 dogs (1.30% of those tested) were found with Dirofilaria immitis. Heartworm disease was diagnosed in all provinces except New Brunswick and Newfoundland but most (733) of the cases were in Ontario.

Heartworm disease was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 31% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 64% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continues to be the focus of the infection and most of the dogs there had not left the province previously.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1985

In late December 1985, 1485 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1985 and 44% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 137,300 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1210 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 36 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number diagnosed in 1985 as 1247 (0.91%).

Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland and Saskatchewan but most (1126) of the cases were in Ontario. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. From Quebec, 91 cases were reported mostly from and around Montreal. From Manitoba, 19 cases were reported from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 28% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 78% had a history of not having left Canada.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1988

In late November 1988, 1581 small and mixed animal clinics and institutional veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1988, and 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 181,577 dogs were blood-tested for heartworm disease and 367 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 60 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1988 as 441 (0.24%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1984

In late December 1984, 1853 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1984 and 35% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 97,794 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1417 dogs (1.45% of those tested) were found with heartworm. Another 34 dogs were amicrofilaremic, but were diagnosed as having heartworm disease, to give the total number diagnosed in 1984 as 1451 (1.48%). Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland but most (1310) of the cases were in Ontario. In Quebec, 126 cases were reported mostly from west of Montreal.

Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 27% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 72% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1989

In late November 1989, 1732 clinics and institutional veterinarians were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis, and 51.7% responded. Of 247,716 dogs tested, 394 had D. immitis microfilariae and 51 were amicrofilaremic for a total of 445 cases and heartworm prevalence of 0.17%. Most (408) of these dogs had no preventive medication and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 1.01%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Thirty-seven dogs with heartworm had preventive medication. Heartworm was most frequent in companion dogs over three years of age maintained outdoors in rural areas. About 75% of the cases had never left Canada, 26% had clinical signs and 125 were not treated.

Heartworm was reported from British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, but 383 cases were in Ontario. South-western Ontario was the primary focus of infection. There were 33 cases in Quebec and 24 in Manitoba, mainly found in and around Metropolitan Montreal and Winnipeg respectively.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1987

In late November 1987, 1246 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1987, and 50% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 165,428 dogs were blood tested for heartworm disease and 511 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 78 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1987 as 589 (0.35%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1986

In late December 1986, 1224 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1986; 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 150,989 dogs were blood-tested for microfilariae and 869 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 65 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease and one was found with heartworm at necropsy to give the total number diagnosed in 1986 as 935 (0.62%).

Heartworm was reported from Manitoba, New Brunswick, Ontario and Quebec, but most (810) of the cases were from Ontario. South-western Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. There were 103 cases reported from Quebec, mostly from and around Montreal, and 21 cases from Manitoba, from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 33% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 81% had a history of not having left Canada.