牛呼吸道合胞体病毒的流行与诊断

牛呼吸道合胞体病毒是引起牛呼吸道疾病综合征的主要病原之一.该病毒在世界各地广泛分布,牛群中的流行与感染率较高.本文主要介绍了牛呼吸道合胞体病毒的流行病学与诊断.     

牛呼吸道合胞体病诊断和预防研究进展

牛呼吸道合胞体病(BRSD)是由牛呼吸道合胞体病毒(BRSV)引起的一种呼吸道传染病，是牛呼吸道疾病综合征(BRDC)的主要疾病之一。BRSV传染性强，可在全球广泛流行，对养殖业造成重大经济损失。动物感染BRSV后，可引起细支气管炎和间质性肺炎或不表现任何症状，因此确诊BRSD需将临床症状与实验室检测相结合。本文主要对BRSD的病原学、临床症状与病理学特征、检测方法及预防等方面进行论述，对深入了解该病的诊断和预防具有一定意义。     

牛呼吸道合胞体病：免疫病理学机制

牛呼吸道合胞体病毒（BRSV）是犊牛呼吸道疾病的重要病因，与人呼吸道 包体病毒（HRSV）及其相应的疾病有许多相似性，故认为免疫病理学机制参与了呼吸道合胞体病毒（RSV）感染的致病作用，本文分析了免疫病理学机制在RSV感染和疫苗诱导超敏反应中的作用，讨论了与RSV感染的非免疫病理学机制。     

猪流感病毒的流行及公共卫生意义

猪流感是目前危害全世界养猪业的重要呼吸道疾病之一,目前猪流感病毒的主要流行毒株有3种亚型:H1N1、H1N2、H3N2.本文对这3种亚型病毒所引起猪流感的流行情况,及其在公共卫生方面的意义作一综述.     

牛呼吸道合胞体病毒主要编码蛋白研究进展

牛呼吸道合胞体病毒(BRSV)是引起反刍动物呼吸道疾病的主要病毒之一,犊牛对该病毒的感染率、发病率和病死率均较高,严重危害养殖的经济效益。牛呼吸道合胞体病毒主要编码蛋白F蛋白和G蛋白上的某些抗原表位可刺激中和抗体反应,而且是BRSV唯一能够在动物模型中诱导中和抗体并产生保护性免疫应答的蛋白。N蛋白具有高度保守性,可诱导BRSV的保护性免疫,小疏水性蛋白(SH)有助于维持病毒外壳稳定性。目前,在该病的防控措施上仍然存在未解决的问题,可根据BRSV编码蛋白的不同特性与功能,研发出一种免疫效果良好、安全高效的疫苗,用以防控BRSV的感染。     

牛呼吸道合胞病毒的研究进展

牛呼吸道合胞病毒的研究进展朱其太（连云港动植物检疫局·江苏·２２２０４２）收稿日期：１９９６－１２－３０牛呼吸道合胞病毒（ＢｏｖｉｎｃＲｅｓｐｉｒａｔｏｒｙＳｙｎｃｙｔｉａｌＶｉｒｕｓ，ＢＲＳＶ）是引起犊牛呼吸道疾病的主要病毒。１９６８年，Ｄｏｇｇｅ...     

犊牛呼吸道合胞体病毒和巴氏杆菌混合感染的调查研究

为了对疑似牛呼吸道合胞体病毒和巴氏杆菌混合感染的犊牛进行病原鉴定,本研究采用常规病毒经细菌分离鉴定和PCR方法分别进行分离与鉴定。结果表明,该病毒株能在BT细胞上增殖并产生特征性合胞体形态的细胞病变;无血凝性和血吸附特性;能被牛呼吸道合胞体病毒(bovine respiratory syncytial virus,BRSV)标准阳性血清中和;分离的病毒经RT-PCR鉴定为牛呼吸道合胞体病毒;根据菌落形态、细菌染色特性及生化特性,鉴定分离的细菌为巴氏杆菌。提示,该牛场为牛呼吸道合胞体病毒和巴氏杆菌混合感染。     

牛病毒性呼吸道疾病诊断技术研究进展

近些年来,我国牛呼吸道疾病病原不断增加,牛呼吸道疾病已经发展成为多种病原混合感染的牛呼吸道综合征,其中有多种病毒、细菌及支原体参与疾病的发生.论文讨论了牛病毒性腹泻、牛传染性鼻气管炎、牛副流感、牛呼吸道合胞体病等牛主要病毒性呼吸道疾病的实验室诊断技术.分别从单一传染病的病原学、血清学、分子生物学方面讨论主要的实验室诊断技术,又从多病原混合感染的方面介绍了当前主要的多重诊断技术,为牛呼吸道疾病的防控提供参考.     

猪流感病毒的分离鉴定及特性测定

猪流感(SI)是由猪流感病毒(SIV)引起的猪的一种呼吸道传染病,目前我国主要流行H 1和H 3亚型[2],H 9N 2等亚型也见报道[3]。该病是一种免疫抑制病[1],感染后会抑制其他疫苗的免疫效果,易导致其他病原体混合感染,给养殖业造成巨大的经济损失。由于流感病毒基因组易发生变异,猪又是产生重组病毒的“混合器”,如20世纪90年代在意大利猪体内就发现了禽与人流感病毒重组体[4],如果产生一种可以在人群中传播的新型流感病毒,将造成极大危害,故及时掌握猪流感流行情况及进行有效的防制,具有重要的兽医流行病学和公共卫生学意义。本试验旨在对河北…     

牛呼吸道合胞体病毒研究进展

<正>牛呼吸道合胞体病毒(bovine respiratory syncytial virus,BRSV)是引起犊牛呼吸道疾病的主要病原之一。本病早在1968年就有记载,1970年BRSV首次从患有呼吸道疾病的牛体中分离到[1]。其危害性在于BRSV感染发病率很高,达到60%～80%,死亡率在一些爆发中也能达到20%以上[2,3]。本病多发于秋冬季节,主要感染     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

獭兔睾丸的组织学观察

家兔作为一种实验动物 ,推动了繁殖技术的发展。本试验通过对不同年龄公獭兔的睾丸进行组织学观察、测定 ,研究精子的发生规律 ,为系统地进行繁殖生理工作提供依据。1　材料与方法选 60日龄、75日龄、90日龄 3个年龄公獭兔各5只 ,用外科手术法摘取两侧睾丸 ,放入 Bouin氏液中固定 ,二甲苯透明 ,石蜡包埋 ,切成 5～ 8μm切片 ,H.E.染色。在显微镜下观察 ,并进行定量组织学指标测定及差异性比较。2　结果和讨论2 .1　睾丸定量组织学指标的测定结果　见表 1。表 1　獭兔睾丸定量组织学指标　　　μm,个 /精细管60日龄 75日龄 90日龄曲细精管…     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.