秦岭细鳞鲑消化系统的形态学观察

运用大体解剖和常规组织学方法对秦岭细鳞鲑消化系统的组织形态进行了系统观察。结果表明,秦岭细鳞鲑的消化道由口咽腔、食道、胃和肠等4部分组成,除口咽腔外,管壁由内向外分为黏膜、黏膜下层、肌层和浆膜。口咽腔宽大,上颌、犁骨及腭骨等处布有细齿,黏膜衬以复层扁平上皮,间有较多的黏液细胞和少量的杯状细胞及味蕾;食管粗而短,黏膜向管腔突出形成多个纵行皱襞,上皮由复层扁平上皮逐渐向单层柱状过渡,上皮细胞间可见到数量较多的粘液细胞和杯状细胞,食管腺不发达;胃体积较大,呈“U”形,包括贲门部、胃体和幽门部,胃体部小凹及胃底腺结构明显,肌层发达;胃与肠相接处有63-65个幽门盲囊,肠道粗短而略微盘曲,黏膜上皮为单层柱状,未见明显的肠腺。以上结果显示,秦岭细鳞鲑消化道组织结构与其肉食性功能密切相关。肝小叶界限不清;双列肝细胞围绕中央静脉呈放射状走行,肝细胞个体大、呈多边形,核呈圆形或卵圆形,1-2个。胰脏大部分环绕前肠边缘、呈细长条索状,另可见分散于幽门盲囊及胃周围的弥散部分;其外分泌部为管泡状腺,腺细胞呈锥体形,胰岛结构明显。     

绿海龟消化道组织学观察

通过常规组织学切片方法,对绿海龟的消化道进行组织学观察.结果发现除口腔和泄殖腔外,消化道均由黏膜层、黏膜下层、肌层和外膜层组成.消化道各段的结构差异主要集中在黏膜层和肌层.其中食管黏膜存在特殊的高度角化倒齿结构,而非常见的皱襞,且食管黏膜层下有较发达的纵行骨骼肌.食道的黏膜上皮为复层扁平上皮,胃、小肠和大脑均为单层柱状上皮.除食管外,消化道各殷的肌层均由内环外纵的平滑肌组成,且环形肌均较纵行肌发达.肠道各段黏膜固有层中均有见弥散的淋巴组织.     

极北鲵(Salamandrella keyserlingii)消化道组织学观察

为了探讨极北鲵消化道(食管、胃、小肠和大肠)组织学结构,试验采用苏木精-伊红(H.E.)染色法。结果表明:极北鲵的消化道各部分均由黏膜层、黏膜下层、肌层和外膜构成;食管黏膜上皮为复层纤毛柱状上皮具杯状细胞,固有膜内具食道腺;胃部固有膜内具胃腺;小肠和大肠上皮内具杯状细胞,固有膜内未见肠腺。     

三道眉草鹀消化道5-羟色胺细胞的分布及形态学研究

为了研究三道眉草鹀消化道5-羟色胺(5-HT)免疫活性内分泌细胞的分布及形态,试验采用免疫组织化学法对其进行了研究。结果表明:三道眉草鹀消化道除食管未发现5-HT细胞外,其他部位均有5-HT细胞分布,且分布密度呈"N"型,直肠部5-HT细胞的分布密度最大,空肠和十二指肠分布密度次之,而腺胃分布密度最低;5-HT细胞有锥体形和圆形,主要分布于腺泡上皮、肠黏膜上皮之间。说明5-HT细胞的分布、形态与其消化道不同部位的生理功能及内、外分泌方式有关。     

黄颡鱼消化道形态与组织学研究

为了研究黄颡鱼的消化道结构,探讨其消化吸收机理,试验采用石蜡切片技术和光镜技术对黄颡鱼的消化道形态与组织学进行了研究。结果表明:消化道分为明显的口咽腔、食道、胃和肠。口咽腔是鱼类从外界摄取营养物质的重要通道,食道分为黏膜层、黏膜下层、肌层和浆膜;胃呈U形,贲门部和盲囊部上皮下有一厚层胃腺组织,胃体部上皮无杯状细胞;肠长为体长的0.58~0.62倍,分为前肠、中肠、后肠三段,组织结构基本相同,其差异主要表现在绒毛的高低疏密以及上皮细胞高度等。     

东方蝾螈消化道胃泌素细胞的分布与形态学观察

为了探讨东方蝾螈消化道胃泌素细胞的形态与分布规律,采用ABC免疫组织化学法对东方蝾螈消化道内胃泌素细胞的分布与形态进行观察。结果显示,胃泌素细胞在食管、胃贲门部、胃体部和胃幽门部均未检出,在十二指肠、空肠、回肠和直肠各段均有分布,且在空肠和回肠段分布的密度最高,十二指肠次之,直肠最少。胃泌素细胞的形态多样,有圆形、椭圆形、锥形及梭形。根据其形态认为东方蝾螈消化道胃泌素细胞具有内分泌和外分泌两种功能。     

麻雀消化道2种免疫活性内分泌细胞的分布及形态学研究

为了对麻雀(Passer montanus)消化道内的5-羟色胺(5-HT)免疫活性内分泌细胞和胃泌素(Gas)免疫活性内分泌细胞进行免疫组织化学的定位和形态学研究,试验采用免疫组织化学ABC(avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex,ABC)法。结果表明:5-HT免疫活性内分泌细胞在麻雀消化道中除了食管和嗉囊外均有分布,分布密度高峰在空肠,腺胃分布密度最低;Gas免疫活性内分泌细胞只分布在肠部,且空肠是其分布密度的高峰。2种内分泌细胞的形态相似,以锥体形为主,其次是圆形,偶见梭形,主要分布于腺泡上皮细胞之间。根据内分泌细胞形态认为其具有内分泌和外分泌功能。     

东方蝾螈消化道胃泌素细胞的分布与形态学观察

为了探讨东方蝾螈消化道胃泌素细胞的形态与分布规律,采用ABC免疫组织化学法对东方蝾螈消化道内胃泌素细胞的分布与形态进行观察。结果显示,胃泌素细胞在食管、胃贲门部、胃体部和胃幽门部均未检出,在十二指肠、空肠、回肠和直肠各段均有分布,且在空肠和回肠段分布的密度最高,十二指肠次之,直肠最少。胃泌素细胞的形态多样,有圆形、椭圆形、锥形及梭形。根据其形态认为东方蝾螈消化道胃泌素细胞具有内分泌和外分泌两种功能。     

双峰驼前胃腺囊区的组织学及腺细胞的超微结构

用组织学、组织化学及电镜技术对双峰驼前胃腺囊区的组织结构和腺细胞的超微结构进行了观察。结果表明：双峰驼前胃3个腺囊区的组织构造基本一致，均由黏膜层、黏膜下层、肌层和浆膜组成。每个腺囊区都可分为有腺部和无腺部。有腺部表面衬以单层柱状上皮，固有层较厚，含较多的黏液腺，腺细胞主要为黏液细胞，另有少量的壁细胞和内分泌细胞，这些细胞的超微结构与牛、羊真胃贲门腺中的同类细胞相似。无腺部的构造与非腺囊区类似，表面被覆复层鳞状上皮，表层角化明显；固有层薄、无腺体分布；黏膜肌层薄且不连续。     

海狸鼠消化管显微及亚显微结构

应用光镜、电镜和组织化学技术,对 １０ 只成年海狸鼠消化管的食管、胃底、小肠和大肠壁的显微和亚显微结构进行了研究。结果显示,在 Ｈ Ｅ 染色,海狸鼠食管粘膜上皮细胞角化程度较高,胃底腺壁细胞的数量几乎与主细胞的相等或稍多,小肠肠腺底部含有大量潘氏细胞; Ｓｃｈｉｆｆ 氏染色,胃粘膜的上皮细胞、胃底腺的颈粘液细胞、十二指肠腺的粘液细胞、肠腺的潘氏细胞和杯状细胞均为阳性; Ｍ ａｓｓｏｎｆｏｎｔａｎａ 氨银法染色,在胃底腺和肠腺内均见有银亲合细胞。扫描电镜下,胃粘膜表面见有较多胃小凹,小肠上皮细胞的微绒毛形成许多指状突起。透射电镜观察,胃底部壁细胞中线粒体、滑面内质网、细胞内小管发达,小肠上皮细胞的微绒毛密集排列,细胞间见有连接复合体结构,胃底腺和肠腺内见有散在分布的内分泌细胞。     

Morphological and histochemical characterization of the mucosa of the digestive tract in Engraulis anchoita

The histomorphological aspects as well as the histochemical content and distribution of glycoproteins (GPs) in the mucosa of the digestive tract of the anchovy Engraulis anchoita were studied. The buccopharyngeal cavity is lined by a squamous stratified epithelium with mucous superficial cells; the oesophagus shows two zones, cranial with a squamous stratified epithelium with mucous superficial cells and caudal with a columnar secretory epithelium. Finally, the stomach presents both the cranial and pyloric portion lined with a simple columnar epithelium. Tubular branched glands, formed by a single type of glandular cell, located along the stomach, are more numerous in the cranial portion. The GPs were identified with (1) oxidizable vicinal diols; (2) sialic acids and some of their chain variants, C7 or C9; (3) sialic acid residues with O-acyl substitution at C7 or C8; (4) carboxyl groups and (5) sulphate groups. Histochemical tests showed that the buccopharyngeal cavity presented the largest amount of the different types of mucosubstances. Epithelial secretory cells were found in the oesophagus, which synthesized a large quantity of sialosulphoglycoproteins likely to be related to a protective role. The surface epithelium of the stomach synthesizes and secretes acid and neutral GPs, probably related to the movement of fluids and to the absorption of easily digested substrates, respectively. Although great differences exist between different species, in E. anchoita as in other fish species, the wall of the digestive tract is composed of the four layers classically described for vertebrates. The GPs secreted by the epithelial cells are suggested to be important for the protection and inhibition of microorganisms. In addition, they are involved in enzymatic digestion of food, absorptive functions and lubrication of the alimentary tract.     

Responses of the ultimobranchial gland to vitamin D3 treatment in freshwater mud eel,Amphipnous cuchia,kept in different calcium environments

Freshwater mud eel, Amphipnous cuchia, were injected intraperitoneally daily with 100 ng of vitamin D3/100 g body weight and maintained in media containing either no calcium or different calcium concentrations. The eels were killed after 1, 3, 5, 10 and 15 days following the treatment and their serum calcium levels were measured. The ultimobranchial glands were fixed and processed using the routine paraffin method for histological studies. The results of the present study indicate that vitamin D3 can induce hypercalcaemia in eels kept in different calcium environments. Also, the ultimobranchial glands became hyperactive following vitamin D3 treatment. It is concluded that in mud eels, the gland has a calcium-regulating function.     

日本鳗鲡及其僵鳗消化酶活性的比较研究

本试验旨在比较不同反应温度下日本鳗鲡(Anguilla japonics)及其僵鳗消化酶活性的差异.试验选取正常生长的日本鳗鲡(126.4～140.2g/尾)以及生长缓慢的僵鳗(3.5～8.6 g/尾)各20尾,取肝胰脏、胃、肠,分别在5、15、25、30、35、40、45和55℃反应温度下测定肝胰脏、胃、肠中蛋白酶、...     

Ultrastructure of the alimentary canal of the sheep scab mite, Psoroptes ovis (Acari: Psoroptidae).

The mite Psoroptes ovis causes sheep scab disease in flocks throughout much of the world. A serious impediment to the development of novel control measures for this mite is our inability to produce in vitro colonies of the mite. Here, we describe the alimentary canal of the mite with the particular aim of determining what it feeds on, as part of a longer term goal, to develop in vitro culture techniques for P. ovis. The alimentary canal of P. ovis consists of a cuticle-lined foregut and hindgut separated by a microvilli-lined midgut. The foregut is divided into a pre-oral cavity and a muscular pharynx and oesophagus. The midgut consists of three ultrastructurally discrete areas: a stomach with bi-lobed ventriculi, a colon and a post-colon. The stomach is composed of two cell types. The most common cells (Type 1) are either cuboidal or squamous depending on the degree of gut distension and possess short microvilli, a single basally located nucleus, extensive rough endoplasmic reticulum and other components suggesting active secretion. The less common cells (Type 2), possess an extensive apical network of tubules and basally food vacuoles suggesting intracellular digestion. These cells extend into the gut lumen, become free-floating and degenerate. The colon and post-colon are composed of cells similar to Type 1 stomach cells but the post-colon epithelium possesses significantly longer microvilli. Cells from these areas have not been observed to leave the surrounding epithelium and enter the gut lumen, but it is suggested that significant absorption occurs in these two areas. Faecal pellets, often containing a significant number of bacteria, leave the digestive system through the cuticle-lined anal atrium.     

PRRSV缺失变异毒株HB-2(sh)/2002在人工感染仔猪组织中的分布与定位

用猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)HB-2(sh)/2002滴鼻感染30日龄健康仔猪,分别于3、7、14、28、42天宰杀,用免疫组化法对呼吸道,泌尿道,生殖道和消化道的主要器官以及脑和主要淋巴器官中的病毒抗原进行了定位分析。结果表明,在各个时间段,病毒抗原阳性率最高的器官为呼吸道、消化道沿途的淋巴结,组织中的阳性细胞多数为巨噬细胞和树突细胞,从个别猪的脑、心肌、肝和呼吸道上皮的细胞检测到阳性信号,同时发现该毒株主要在巨噬细胞和呼吸道腺上皮细胞复制。     

The mucosa of the digestive tract in Micropogonias furnieri: a light and electron microscope approach

The histomorphological aspects as well as the histochemical content and distribution of glycoproteins (GPs) in the mucosa of the digestive tract of the white croaker Micropogonias furnieri were studied. The buccopharyngeal cavity and the esophagous showed a squamous stratified epithelium with mucous cells. The stomach presented three portions: cardias, fundus and pylorus. Tubular glands formed by a single type of gland cell were located along the cardias and fundus. Histochemical tests showed that the buccopharyngeal cavity and the esophagous presented the largest amount of the different types of mucosubstances. Both organs showed abundant secretory mucous cells that synthesize large quantities of neutral, sulphated and sialylated GPs. The surface epithelium in the cardias and fundus synthesized and secreted scarce sialylated and neutral GPs whereas the secretions of the apical surface were abundant. The pylorus secreted large amounts of neutral as well as sulphated and sialylated GPs. Gland cells secreted neutral GPs. The ultrastructural features of the gut cells were quite similar to those of other teleosts. The buccopharyngeal cavity and the esophagous surface epithelial cells, identified by their superficial localization, were characterized by cytoplasmic vesicles of different size. Abundant goblet cells with secretory mucous granules were also present. Gastric glands in the stomach contained just one form of cell with a fine structure similar to cells that secrete pepsinogen.     

Determining of nitrogen absorption and nitrogen secretion in different sections of the pig's intestine by digesta exchange between 15N labelled and unlabelled animals

In an experiment with 3 pigs (initial live weight 30 kg, each fitted with 2 re-entrant fistulas in duodenum and ileum, one labelled with 15N), the duodenal and ileum digesta was exchanged. The N and 15N contents were estimated in faeces, urine, duodenal and ileum digesta of all experimental animals as well as in special organs and in the contents of different tract sections. The 15N excess (15N') of N compounds secreted into the gut lumen was determined using the 15N' in pancreas, gut mucosa and TCA-soluble blood serum. From measuring the digesta passage through the 3 sections of the digestive tract: 1. mouth ... duodenum, 2. duodenum ... ileum, 3. ileum ... after (Krawielitzki et al., 1989) the absorption and secretion rates of nitrogen were calculated. Secretion into the 1st section amounted to 5.3 g N/d (= 15% of intake) and the absorption to approximately 1% of intake. In the 2nd section the corresponding dates were 8.9 resp. 38.6 g N/d (= 25 resp. 110% of N intake), and in the 3rd one 1.9 resp. 8.4 g N/d (= 5.6 resp. 24% of N intake). Total absorption amounted to 134% of N intake and the over all re-absorption of endogenous N compounds secreted into the gut lumen to about 90%. During the passage the amount of endogenous N (g/d) decreased from 5.3 at the duodenum to 3.8 at the ileum to 1.6 in the faeces, but the relative portion increased (13 resp. 35 resp. 39%). An incorporation into body proteins occurred only from N compounds absorbed in the 1st and in the 2nd section. N (or 15N) absorbed in the large intestine was almost quantitatively excreted by urine. The method of digesta exchange between cannulated labelled and unlabelled pigs seems to be a suitable method to estimate absorption and secretion of exogenous and endogenous N portions in various sections of the digestive tract.     

黄鳝烂尾病病原的研究

从发病黄鳝的病灶部位分离到 HS1 菌株。用 HS1 菌株人工感染体重 2 0～ 30 g的黄鳝 ,感染的黄鳝出现与自然发病黄鳝相似的症状 ,并从感染黄鳝的病灶中分离到与原菌株相同的细菌 ,证实 HS1 菌株是引起黄鳝烂尾病的病原。经细菌的形态、培养及生理生化特性测定 ,HS1 菌株鉴定为产碱假单胞菌 ( Pseudomonasalcaligenes) ,并进行了药敏试验