猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒和猪圆环病毒2型共感染对外周血单个核细胞凋亡细胞因子mRNA表达的影响

将猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(Porcine reproductine and respiratory syndrome virus,PRRSV)和猪圆环病毒2型(Porcine circovirus type 2,PCV2)单感染和共感染6周龄健康仔猪,采用real-time PCR技术对外周血单个核细胞(PBMC)中的病毒栽量以及Fas、FasL、TNFR1和TNF-α等凋亡细胞因子mRNA表达水平进行检测,采用流式细胞术对PBMC的凋亡比率进行检测.结果显示,PRRSV/PCV2共感染组PBMC中PRRSV和PCV2载量、PB-MC凋亡比率均显著高于PRRSV感染组或PCV2感染组.所有病毒感染组的Fas、FasL、TNFR1和TNF-α的mRNA表达水平均显著上调,并且PRRSV/PCV2共感染组的表达水平均显著高于单感染组.结果表明,Fas/FasL、TNFR1/TNF-α表达水平的显著上调可能在PRRSV和PCV2协同诱导凋亡机制中扮演重要角色.     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒和猪圆环病毒2型共感染对猪体内病毒动态及免疫反应的影响

将猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)、猪圆环病毒2型(PCV2)单感染和共感染6周龄健康仔猪,采用实时定量PCR(Real-time PCR)对血清、组织(心、肝、肺、肾、胰、脾、胸腺、扁桃体、腹股沟淋巴结、肠系膜淋巴结)中的PRRSV和PCV2载量进行检测,分别采用间接ELISA和间接IFA对血清中的PRRSV和PCV2特异性抗体进行检测,采用MTT法对猪外周血淋巴细胞(PBLC)的增殖能力进行检测.结果,PRRSV/PCV2共感染组血清、组织中PRRSV的载量均显著高于PRRSV单感染组,PCV2的载量均显著高于PCV2单感染组;共感染组PRRSV和PCV2特异性抗体阳转的时间均晚于并且效价均显著低于PRRSV或PCV2单感染组;共感染组和单感染组PBLC的增殖能力均受到抑制,其严重程度依次为:PRRSV/PCV2组>PRRSV组>PCV2组.由此表明,PRRSV和PCV2在猪体内对彼此的增殖具有促进作用;PRRSV和PCV2共感染对猪的免疫抑制具有加重作用.     

猪生殖与呼吸综合征病毒和猪圆环病毒2型共感染对猪外周血天然免疫细胞含量的影响

将猪生殖与呼吸综合征病毒（PRRSV）和猪圆环病毒2型（PCV2）单感染和共感染的6周龄仔猪，于感染前和感染后第3、7和10d，采用血常规法、SWC3a单色流式细胞术以及CD3／CD4／CD8三色流式细胞术分析了感染猪外周血中白细胞、粒细胞、单核细胞、NK细胞、弦T细胞的含量。结果，感染后第3d和第7d，PRRSV感染组、PCV2感染组以及PRRSV＋PCV2共感染组猪的白细胞、单核细胞、粒细胞、NK细胞、弦T细胞总数显著下降，并且共感染组比单感染组下降更加严重。结果表明，PRRSV＋PCV2共感染对仔猪外周血天然免疫细胞的影响具有协同效应，意味著在感染旱期可导致更加严重的先天免疫抑制。     

一例猪高致病性蓝耳病和猪圆环2型病毒病混合感染成功防控的经验分享

高致病性猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒（Highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus,HP-PRRSV）,是由PRRSV在NSP2基因（Nonstructural protein 2）上缺失90个核苷酸形成的突变株,能够引起不同生长阶段猪高热、高发病率和高死亡率,给我国养猪业造成巨大经济损失^[1,4,5,6]。猪圆环病毒2型（Porcine circovirus type 2,PCV2）是引起断奶仔猪多系统衰竭综合征（Postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome,PMWS）的主要病原。近年来,国内外有关PRRSV与PCV2共感染报告较多,引起广泛关注。鉴于我国猪群中HP-PRRSV和PCV2共感染现象相当严重,这两种病毒共感染均能显著促进在猪体的病毒复制,进而导致更严重的临床症状和病理损伤^[7]。研究针对山东潍坊一猪场发生的猪高致病性蓝耳病与猪圆环病毒2型病毒病混合感染综合防控进行探讨,为广大养殖户HP-PRRSV和PCV2的综合防制提供科学依据。     

PCV2与PRRSV体外共感染对肺泡巨噬细胞系炎症反应的影响

为了探讨猪圆环病毒2型(Porcine circovirus type 2,PCV2)与猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus,PRRSV)共感染后调控炎症反应的机制,选用稳定表达CD163的PAM细胞系3D4/21,分别设PCV2、PRRSV、PCV2+PRRSV(接种PCV2后12 h接种PRRSV)共感染组和对照组,利用间接免疫荧光检测(indirect immuno fluorescene assay,IFA)方法检测PCV2和PRRSV在PAM-CD163上的阳性率,采用RT-PCR检测IL-6、IL-8、IL-1β、IL-10表达量的动态变化。结果显示PCV2和PRRSV均能感染PAM-CD163;PCV2单独感染PAM-CD163,早期促进了IL-6、IL-8、IL-1β的表达,晚期促进IL-10表达;PRRSV单独感染PAM-CD163能在晚期促进IL-1β、IL-10的表达;与PCV2单独感染PAM-CD163相比,PCV2+PRRSV共感染促进了IL-10表达并且持续增加;与PRRSV单独感染PAM-CD163相比,PCV2+PRRSV共感染促使IL-6、IL-8、IL-1β的表达量较早出现增加,并且持续增加。可见两种病毒之间存在一定的相互作用,共同调节机体免疫系统。本研究结果有助于解析PRRSV与PCV2共感染调控炎症反应的机理。     

猪圆环病毒2型检测技术研究进展

猪圆环病毒（Porcine circovirus,PCV）属圆环病毒科、圆环病毒属,病毒基因组为单股负链环状DNA,病毒呈二十面体对称,无囊膜结构,是迄今为止发现的一种最小的动物病毒。猪圆环病毒依据其致病性和基因组差异分为无致病性的猪圆环病毒1型（Porcine Circovirus 1,PCV1）和有致病性的猪圆环病毒2型（Porcine Circovirus 2,PCV2）,猪圆环病毒3型（Porcine Circovirus3,PCV3）,猪圆环病毒4型（PorcineCircovirus 4,PCV4）。PCV2主要侵害机体的免疫系统,引起机体继发感染断乳仔猪多系统衰竭综合征（post-weaning multisystemwasting syn-drome,PMWS）、猪皮炎和肾病综合征（porcine dermatitisandnephropathy syndrome,PDNS）、猪呼吸道病综合征（porcine respiratory disease complex,PRDC）、母猪繁殖障碍、肉芽肿性肠炎、仔猪先天性震颤等疾病。2000年,我国首次报道了PCV2感染。目前,PCV2感染在我国猪群中广泛流行,种猪有很高感染率,与其他疾病混合感染现象严重。PCV2现已被世界各国的兽医与养猪业者公认为是继猪繁殖与呼吸综合征（Porcine reproductive and respiratorysyndrome,PRRS）之后新发现的引起猪免疫障碍的重要传染病病原,因此建立即时有效的检测PCV2的技术方法尤为重要,文章综述了多种PCV2检测技术,旨在为养殖场PCV2有关疾病的检测防控提供技术支持。     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒和猪圆环病毒2型共感染对外周血单个核细胞促炎细胞因子mRNA表达的影响

将猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒（PRRSV）和猪圆环病毒2型（PCV2）单感染和共感染6周龄健康仔猪,采用Real-ti me PCR技术对外周血单个核细胞（PBMC）中IL-1β、IL-6、IL-8和TNF-α等促炎细胞因子的mRNA表达进行定量分析。结果表明,病毒感染后,PRRSV感染组、PCV2感染组IL-1β、IL-6、IL-8和TNF-α的mRNA表达水平均上调,其中PRRSV感染组的IL-6、IL-8显著上调,PCV2感染组的IL-6、IL-8和TNF-α显著上调;PRRSV/PCV2共感染组仅有IL-8和TNF-α的mRNA表达水平上调且差异显著;并且,PRRSV/PCV2共感染组IL-1β、IL-6和IL-8的mRNA表达水平均低于单独感染组,仅TNF-α的mRNA表达水平显著高于单感染组。结果提示,TNF-α的过量表达可能在PRRSV和PCV2协同致病机制中扮演重要角色。     

我国猪圆环病毒病的流行现状分析

正猪圆环病毒(Porcine circovirus,PCV)属于圆环病毒科(Circoviridae)圆环病毒属(Circovirus),为无囊膜、单股环状的DNA病毒,分为PCV1和PCV2 2种基因型,PCV1对猪无致病性,PCV2对猪具有较强的致病性。PCV2感染后可在猪只淋巴系统中增殖并引起免疫细胞损伤,破坏免疫系统,导致机体免疫力降低。临床中将PCV2引起猪的断奶仔猪多系统衰竭综合征、猪皮炎肾病综合征、猪呼吸道疾病综合征、肉芽肿性肠炎、坏死性淋巴结炎、渗出性皮炎、     

2株猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒毒株对仔猪致病性的比较

为了比较最新分离的猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)变异分离株SY0608和传统毒株S1对仔猪的致病性,本研究选择9头30日龄商品仔猪,随机分为2组,分别接种2株病毒,即S1株感染组(n=5头),SY0608株感染组(n=4头),接种后隔离饲养观察2周。经临床症状观察、病理学、病原学和血常规学检查,结果:SY0608毒株感染组仔猪表现明显临床症状,接种3 d后体温急剧升高至41.8℃;白细胞数急剧减少(降低了45%);病理学变化严重,肺泡膈增宽,大部分肺组织肺泡不张;而S1株感染组仔猪仅出现轻微临床症状和病理变化。SY0608毒株感染组仔猪病毒血症持续时间较S1毒株感染组长,病毒在脏器中的分布更为广泛。SY0608株感染组血清ELISA抗体水平明显高于S1株感染组。结果表明,SY0608毒株对仔猪致病作用明显强于S1毒株。     

江苏省高邮市猪圆环病毒病和猪繁殖与呼吸综合征流行病学调查

为了解江苏高邮市农户散养健康仔猪群猪圆环病毒2型(PCV2)和猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)感染和带毒情况,本研究自2003年1月至2008年9月,随机选择并采集68个农户105窝母猪的372头2～5周龄仔猪血清,分别用ELISA和PCR方法检测PCV2和PRRSV抗体和病毒核酸,结果为,PCV2和1PRRSV感染率分别为17.5%(65/372)和32.3%(120/372),其中PCV2和PRRSV混合感染阳性率为12.9%(48/372),占PCV2感染猪的73.9%(48/65),而PRRSV感染率逐年提高,2008年达43.3%,从而为该病防制提供了理论依据。     

Effect of porcine circovirus type 2a or 2b on infection kinetics and pathogenicity of two genetically divergent strains of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in the conventional pig model

To determine differences in infection kinetics of two temporally and genetically different type 2 porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) isolates in vivo with and without concurrent porcine circovirus (PCV) type 2a or 2b infection, 62 pigs were randomly assigned to one of seven groups: negative controls (n=8); pigs coinfected with a 1992 PRRSV strain (VR-2385) and PCV2a (CoI-92-2a; n=9), pigs coinfected with VR-2385 and PCV2b (CoI-92-2b; n=9), pigs coinfected with a 2006 PRRSV strain (NC16845b) and PCV2a (CoI-06-2a; n=9), pigs coinfected with NC16845b and PCV2b (CoI-06-2b; n=9), pigs infected with VR-2385 (n=9), and pigs infected with NC16845b (n=9). Blood samples were collected before inoculation and at day post-inoculation (dpi) 3, 6, 9 and 12 and tested for the presence of PRRSV antibody and RNA, PCV2 antibody and DNA, complete blood counts, and interferon gamma (IFN-γ) levels. Regardless of concurrent PCV2 infection, VR-2385 initially replicated at higher levels and reached peak replication levels at dpi 6. Pigs infected with VR-2385 had significantly higher amounts of viral RNA in serum on both dpi 3 and dpi 6, compared to pigs infected with NC16845b. The peak of NC16845b virus replication occurred between dpi 9 and dpi 12 and was associated with a delayed anti-PRRSV antibody response in these pigs. PCV2 coinfection resulted in significantly more severe macroscopic and microscopic lung lesions and a stronger anti-PRRSV IgG response compared to pigs infected with PRRSV alone. This work further emphasizes in vivo replication differences among PRRSV strains and the importance of coinfecting pathogens.     

Experimental reproduction of severe disease in CD/CD pigs concurrently infected with type 2 porcine circovirus and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus

Three-week-old cesarean-derived colostrum-deprived (CD/CD) pigs were inoculated with porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2, n = 19), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV, n = 13), concurrent PCV2 and PRRSV (PCV2/PRRSV, n = 17), or a sham inoculum (n = 12) to compare the independent and combined effects of these agents. Necropsies were performed at 7, 10, 14, 21, 35, and 49 days postinoculation (dpi) or when pigs became moribund. By 10 dpi, PCV2/PRRSV-inoculated pigs had severe dyspnea, lethargy, and occasional icterus; after 10 dpi, mortality in this group was 10/11 (91%), and all PCV2/ PRRSV-inoculated pigs were dead by 20 dpi. PCV2-inoculated pigs developed lethargy and sporadic icterus, and 8/19 (42%) developed exudative epidermitis; mortality was 5/19 (26%). PRRSV-inoculated pigs developed dyspnea and mild lethargy that resolved by 28 dpi. Microscopic lesions consistent with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) were present in both PCV2- and PCV2/PRRSV-inoculated pigs and included lymphoid depletion, necrotizing hepatitis, mild necrotizing bronchiolitis, and infiltrates of macrophages that occasionally contained basophilic intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies in lymphoid and other tissues. PCV2/ PRRSV-inoculated pigs also had severe proliferative interstitial pneumonia and more consistent hepatic lesions. The most severe lesions contained the greatest number of PCV2 antigen-containing cells. PRRSV-inoculated pigs had moderate proliferative interstitial pneumonia but did not develop bronchiolar or hepatic lesions or lymphoid depletion. All groups remained seronegative to porcine parvovirus. The results indicate that 1) PCV2 coinfection increases the severity of PRRSV-induced interstitial pneumonia in CD/CD pigs and 2) PCV2 but not PRRSV induces the lymphoid depletion, granulomatous inflammation, and necrotizing hepatitis characteristic of PMWS.     

Changes in peripheral blood leukocyte subpopulations in piglets co-infected experimentally with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and porcine circovirus type 2

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) are pathogens, which can significantly affect the swine industry worldwide. Field surveys suggest that simultaneous PRRSV and PCV2 infection is common in pigs. The objective of this study was to measure the changes in peripheral blood leukocyte subpopulations in piglets co-infected experimentally with PRRSV and PCV2, in order to analyze the synergistic influence of co-infection on the immune system. Changes in peripheral blood leukocyte subpopulations were systematically measured by flow cytometry (FCM). The levels of antibodies to PRRSV and PCV2 were detected by indirect Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay (ELISA) and the indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFA), respectively. Serum viral loads were measured using real-time PCR. The results showed that piglets co-infected with PRRSV and PCV2 exhibited slower generation and lower levels of antibodies to PRRSV and PCV2, and increased amounts and a prolonged presence of both PRRSV and PCV2 in serum, in comparison to the piglets infected with either virus alone. The major finding in our study was that the total and differential leukocyte counts, including white blood cells (WBCs), monocytes, granulocytes and lymphocytes (T, B and NK cells, as well as T-cell subpopulations), dramatically decreased early during co-infection with PRRSV and PCV2 for about two weeks, in contrast with animals singly infected with either PRRSV or PCV2. These results suggest that PRRSV and PCV2 co-infection results in a synergistic decrease in immune cells in the peripheral blood of piglets. These data contribute to the understanding of the immunosuppressive effects resulting from PRRSV and PCV2 co-infection in pigs.     

Reduction of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infection in swine alveolar macrophages by porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2)-induced interferon-alpha

Two common viral pathogens of swine, namely, porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), were investigated in regard to their effects on monolayer cultures of swine alveolar macrophages (AMs). The purpose was to identify selected cellular changes and responses potentially associated with the clinical reactions of pigs infected with either or both of these viruses. Measurements included the (1) absolute and relative numbers of infected, viable, and apoptotic cells; (2) distribution of viral antigens; (3) levels of interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) produced and their association with the extent of virus-induced cytopathology. Four groups of AMs were studied, including mock-infected, PCV2 alone-infected (PCV2-A), PRRSV alone-infected (PRRSV-A), and PCV2 and PRRSV dually infected (PCV2/PRRSV) groups. The AMs of PCV2-A group had high antigen-containing rate without cell death. There was a marked increase in cell death and apoptosis in PRRSV-A group. However, a lower PRRSV-induced infectious rate, cell death, and apoptosis were seen in PCV2/PRRSV group. High levels of IFN-alpha production were detected in PCV2-infected groups, but not in mock-infected and PRRSV-A groups. The PRRSV-induced cytopathic effect (CPE) on MARC-145 cells or swine AMs was markedly reduced by pre-incubation of the cells with UV-treated or non-UV-treated supernatants of PCV2-infected AMs. In addition, the reduction in CPE was abolished when the supernatants of PCV2-infected AMs were pre-treated with a mouse anti-recombinant porcine IFN-alpha antibody. The results suggest that swine AMs were an important reservoir of PCV2; PCV2 infection reduced PRRSV infection and PRRSV-associated CPE in PCV2/PRRSV AMs; the reduction of PRRSV infection in AMs was mediated by IFN-alpha generated by PCV2 infection. The reduced PRRSV-associated CPE in AMs and increased pro-inflammatory cytokine production may lead to a more severe pneumonic lesion in those dually infected pigs.     

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) influences infection dynamics of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) subtypes PCV2a and PCV2b by prolonging PCV2 viremia and shedding

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infection on porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) subtypes a (PCV2a) or b (PCV2b) viremia and shedding characteristics in oral, nasal and fecal samples in experimentally infected pigs. Twenty-three, 2- to 6-week-old pigs were randomly divided into five groups: negative control (n=3), PCV2a-I (n=5), PCV2a-PRRSV-CoI (n=5), PCV2b-I (n=5), and PCV2b-PRRSV-CoI (n=5). Blood, oral, nasal and fecal swabs were collected in regular intervals from day post inoculation (dpi) 0 until dpi 70 and tested by quantitative real-time PCR for the presence and amount of PCV2 DNA and by ELISA for the presence of PCV2-specific antibodies. The results indicate that there were significantly (P<0.05) higher loads of PCV2a and PCV2b DNA in serum, oral swabs, nasal swabs and fecal swabs and a higher prevalence of detectable PCV2 antigen in tissues of pigs concurrently infected with PCV2 and PRRSV compared to pigs singularly infected with PCV2 further confirming that PRRSV enhances replication of PCV2. Moreover, PRRSV infection significantly prolonged the presence of PCV2 DNA in serum and increased the amount of PCV2 DNA in oral and nasal secretions and fecal excretions in the later stages of infection between dpi 28 and 70. Shedding patterns were similar between groups infected with PCV2a and PCV2b, indicating that there was no subtype-specific interaction with the PRRSV isolate used in this study. The results from this study highlight the interaction between PRRSV and PCV2 and the importance of controlling PRRSV infection in order to reduce PCV2 virus loads in pig populations.     

The effects of transplacental porcine circovirus type 2 infection on porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus-induced enteritis in preweaning piglets

The effects of transplacental porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) infection on porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus (PEDV)-induced enteritis were examined in neonatal piglets. Six pregnant sows were randomly allocated to an infected (n=3) or control group (n=3). Three pregnant sows were inoculated intranasally with 6 mL of tissue culture fluid containing 1.2 x 10(5) tissue culture infective doses 50% (TCID(50))/mL of PCV2 strain SNUVR000470 three weeks before the expected farrowing date. Three control pregnant sows were similarly exposed to uninfected cell culture supernatants. Thirty piglets from PCV2-infected sows were randomly assigned to two groups (A and B) of 15 piglets each. Another 30 piglets from noninfected sows were randomly assigned to two groups (C and D) of 15 piglets each. The piglets in groups A and C were dosed orally at three days of age with 2mL of virus stock (1 x 10(6.5) TCID(50)/mL) of the PEDV strain, SNUVR971496, at the third passage. The mean villous height and crypt depth (VH:CD) ratio in PEDV-infected piglets from PCV2-infected sows (group A) were significantly different from those of the PEDV-infected piglets from PCV2 negative sows (group C) at 36, 48, and 72 h post-inoculation (hpi) (P<0.05). In PEDV-infected piglets from PCV2-infected sows (group A), significantly more PEDV nucleic acid was detected in the jejunal tissues (P<0.05) at 24 hpi than in the same tissues of the PEDV-infected piglets from PCV2 negative sows (group C). Thereafter, at 36, 48, 60, and 70 hpi significantly more PEDV nucleic acid (P<0.05) was detected in the jejunal tissues of the PEDV-infected piglets from PCV2 negative sows (group C) than those of the PEDV-infected piglets from the PCV2-infected sows (group A). It is concluded that the clinical course of PEDV disease was markedly affected by transplacental infection of PCV2.     

Prevalence of infection with porcine circovirus-2 (PCV-2) and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) in an integrated swine production system experiencing postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome

The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of infection with porcine circovirus-2 (PCV-2) and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) through a longitudinal study in an integrated swine production system (7 farms) experiencing postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS). Risk factors for PCV-2 infection and for PCV-2 and PRRSV coinfection were also evaluated. Fifteen sows from each herd and 4 non-cross-fostered piglets from each sow were randomly selected at farrowing and ear-tagged at birth. Serum samples were analyzed for antibodies to PCV-2 and for detection of the PCV-2 and PRRSV genomes. Statistical analyses involved 2 approaches. The 1st approach characterized the dynamics of PCV-2 infection and their relationship with PRRSV infection. The 2nd approach analyzed the probability of being infected by PCV-2 or by both PCV-2 and PRRSV through a generalized linear mixed model incorporating sow and farm characteristics. At the 1st sampling time (1 wk of age), there was a significant relationship between sow PCV-2 infection and piglet PCV-2 infection (P < 0.0001). The risk of PCV-2 and PRRSV coinfection was 1.85 times greater in piglets from a sow with low titers of PCV-2 antibodies than in piglets from sows with medium to high titers (P = 0.03) and was 2.54, 2.40, and 2.02 times greater, respectively, in piglets from primiparous sows, PCV-2-infected sows, and farms in an area of high pig density than in piglets from sows of higher parity (P = 0.004), noninfected sows (P = 0.04), and farms in a low-density area (P = 0.09).     

PCV2感染对仔猪NO-NOS系统的动态影响

将19头PCV2和PRRSV血清抗体阴性的普通断奶仔猪分为对照组(4头)和攻毒组(15头),攻毒组每头仔猪滴鼻接种PCV2病毒悬液4mL(5×105 TCID50/mL)并用KLH刺激,分别在攻毒后14、21、35d各扑杀5头仔猪采集血清和脾脏、淋巴结、胸腺(对照组4头在攻毒当天扑杀)。检测各种组织中NO、TNOS和iNOS的含量。结果显示,攻毒猪各组织中NO含量均在攻毒后14d显著升高(P<0.05),然后缓慢下降;血清和3种免疫器官中NOS(包括TNOS和iNOS)活性的变化趋势比较一致,均表现出先升高然后再逐渐降低的特点。此外,iNOS活性变化与其相应的组织中NO含量呈显著正相关(P<0.01)。结果表明,PCV2在感染早期(1～14d)可激活仔猪多种组织中NO-NOS系统,中后期逐渐恢复,这种变化与PCV2所致的组织损伤密切相关,因此,NO-NOS系统可能是PCV2相关疾病发生发展的重要信号。     

Effect of porcine parvovirus vaccination on the development of PMWS in segregated early weaned pigs coinfected with type 2 porcine circovirus and porcine parvovirus

The objectives of this study were to determine if coinfection of segregated early weaned (SEW) pigs with porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) and porcine parvovirus (PPV) induces an increase in the incidence of post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) compared to singular PCV2 infection, and to determine if vaccination against PPV protects pigs against PMWS associated with PCV2/PPV coinfection in SEW pigs. Seventy, 3-week-old, SEW pigs were randomly assigned to one of the five groups. Pigs in group 1 (n = 14) served as the negative controls, group 2 pigs (n = 14) were inoculated with PCV2, group 3 pigs (n = 12) were inoculated with PPV, groups 4 (n = 16) and 5 (n = 14) pigs were inoculated with both PCV2 and PPV. Pigs in groups 1-3 and 5 were vaccinated with two doses of a killed parvovirus-leptospira-erysipelothrix (PLE) vaccine prior to inoculation. The PCV2/PPV-coinfected pigs (groups 4 and 5) had significantly (P < 0.05) higher and more persistent fevers than the singular PCV2-infected pigs. One pig in each of the coinfected groups developed clinical disease (fever, respiratory disease, jaundice, weight loss) consistent with PMWS. Lymphoid depletion was significantly (P < 0.05) more severe in the dually-infected pigs at 42 days post-inoculation (DPI). Vaccinated, coinfected pigs (group 5) remained viremic significantly (P < 0.05) longer and had higher copy numbers of genomic PCV2 DNA in sera at 28, 35, and 42 DPI compared to the unvaccinated coinfected pigs (group 4). PPV-viremia was detected only in the unvaccinated group 4 pigs. PLE-vaccination prevented PPV-viremia but did not prevent clinical PMWS or reduce the severity of lymphoid depletion in PCV2/PPV-coinfected pigs. Evidence of increased incidence of clinical PMWS due to vaccination was not observed in this model.