兽药"疫佳灵"对鸡免疫器官的影响

将 2 1日龄健康海兰褐公鸡随机分成 3组 :2组、3组分别按照 0 .5m L/只、1 .0 m L/只剂量 ,每天饮“疫佳灵”一次 ,连续 2 1 d,1组为对照组仅接种疫苗 ,不饮“疫佳灵”。分别于饮药后7,1 4 ,2 1 d测定各组鸡免疫器官系数 ,2 1 d时分别取各组 1 0只鸡的免疫器官 (法氏囊、胸腺、脾脏 )制成组织切片 ,显微镜下观察。试验组免疫系数显著高于对照组 (P <0 .0 5) ;法氏囊皱襞显著大于对照组 ,胸腺小叶面积显著高于对照组 (P <0 .0 5) ,脾脏淋巴细胞数量显著高于对照组 (P <0 .0 5)。结果表明 :“疫佳灵”对鸡免疫器官发育有明显的促进作用     

"疫佳灵"对鸡免疫功能及血液生化指标的影响

将21日龄健康海兰褐公鸡随机分成3组:1组、2组按0.5％、1％每天饮"疫佳灵"一次,连续饮21 d,另一组为对照组,不饮增强剂。分别于饮药后7、14、21 d测定各组鸡免疫器官系数、血清中ND-HI抗体效价、血像变化及生化指标。结果表明:7 d时1、2组的各项检测指标均显著高于对照组(p<0.05),其中2组的胸腺系数、嗜中性白细胞数、淋巴细胞数和球蛋白均极显著高于对照组(p<0.01),14 d时2组的抗体效价水平和嗜酸性白细胞数板显著高于1组和对照组(p<0.01),抗体效价提高了4.12个滴度,21d时除2组的各免疫器官系数和抗体效价显著高于对照组外(p<0.05),其它指标均极显著高于对照组(P<0.01),而且1组的抗体效价、NO和NOS含量极显著高于对照组(p<0.05)。试验表明:"疫佳灵"对鸡的免疫功能的影响很明显,可以提高鸡的免疫力,且最佳应用剂量为1％。     

中草药免疫增强剂对鸡小肠T淋巴细胞免疫组化研究

为了探讨中草药免疫增强剂的作用机理,采用组织学常规切片技术和免疫组织化学染色的方法对鸡小肠黏膜淋巴组织中T淋巴细胞的数量分布进行了动态观察.将1日龄60只健康公鸡随机分成2组,一组为对照组,另一组为试验组,试验组按1%浓度的中草药免疫增强剂饮水,连续21 d.在第14天、第21天分别取各组鸡小肠,制成组织切片,进行组织学观察.结果显示,试验组鸡小肠的T淋巴细胞数显著高于对照组(P<0.05),表明中草药免疫增强剂对鸡小肠免疫有显著的增强作用.     

中药免疫增强剂在猪瘟疫苗免疫中的免疫调节作用的研究

通过对断奶仔猪投服不同剂量的中药免疫增强剂,研究其对猪瘟疫苗接种猪免疫调节作用的影响.结果表明,试验组在注射猪瘟疫苗同时,以1%的中药免疫增强剂混饲,试验组猪瘟血清抗体效价明显高于对照组,差异显著（P＜0.05）;接种疫苗后15、45 d,试验组T淋巴细胞百分率显著高于对照组（P＜0.05）.表明猪只在接种猪瘟疫苗的同时服用中药免疫增强剂,能显著增强猪瘟疫苗的免疫效果,促进T淋巴细胞的增殖,增强其免疫力.     

中草药添加剂对土杂鸡生长性能和红细胞免疫功能的影响

按中兽医理论配制加工成中草药添加剂Ⅰ和Ⅱ,分别按0.5%、1%、2%三个浓度添加,并设抗生素和空白对照,对28日龄广西土杂鸡随机分组进行饲养试验,70日龄测定生长性能和红细胞免疫功能.结果显示:中草药饲料添加剂Ⅰ在添加1%时,料重比为2.92,分别比抗生素组和对照组下降了4.89%和13.35%,日增重为32.58g,比空白对照组提高30.79%,差异显著(P<0.05).中草药饲料添加剂Ⅰ的1%添加浓度对红细胞C3bR酵母花环试验花环形成率达17.33%.与抗生素组和空白对照组比较分别提高40.55%和67.76,差异显著(P<0.05).     

中药“兔稳康”对兔瘟免疫增强作用的试验观察

为观察中药"兔稳康"对兔瘟疫苗的免疫增强作用,本试验选择40日龄未免疫的长毛兔120只,随机分成4组,试验组在免疫前2天分别以1%、2%和4%的剂量添加中药免疫增强剂饲喂,连用7天。免疫后第20d各组采血测定血凝抗体水平和T淋巴细胞阳性率。结果:以2%剂量添加兔疫稳康可显著提高抗体效价和T淋巴细胞阳性率,与对照组比较差异显著(P0.05),可以显著提高兔瘟的免疫效果。     

中草药复方对土杂鸡生长性能和淋巴细胞转化率的影响

按中兽医组方原则配制加工成中草药饲料添加剂Ⅰ和Ⅱ,分别按0.5%、1%、2%三个浓度添加,并设抗生素和空白对照,对28日龄土杂鸡随机分组进行饲养试验,70日龄测定生长性能和淋巴细胞转化率。结果显示:中草药饲料添加剂Ⅰ在添加1%时,料重比为2.92,比抗生素组和对照组下降了4.89%和13.35%,日增重为32.58g,比空白对照组提高30.79%,差异显著(P<0.05)。且在中草药添加剂Ⅰ中不同添加量之间差异显著(P<0.05),添加量在1%时比0.5%和2%分别下降了3.9%和4.9%;中草药饲料添加剂Ⅰ在添加1%时淋巴细胞转化率达87.00%,与抗生素组和空白对照组比较提高8.30%和24.29%,差异显著(P<0.05),且与其它试验组比较差异显著。     

牛羊专用中草药保健型饲料添加剂对大鼠免疫功能的影响

试验选择30～40日龄的Sprague-Dawley（SD）雌性大鼠,分别按1.5mL/100g体重的量灌胃奶牛、肉牛和肉羊中草药饲料添加剂浸膏（浓度为312.5mg/mL）,对照组灌胃等量蒸馏水。试验第31天宰杀,无菌采血制抗凝血作T-淋巴细胞转化率试验,同时取脾脏和胸腺计算脾脏和胸腺指数。试验表明,各组全期增重均显著高于对照组（P〈0.05）、各实验组胸腺指数均高于对照组,且奶牛和肉牛中草药添加剂组达到显著水平（P〈0.05）,脾脏指数各组间差异不显著（P〉0.05）;各试验组T-淋巴细胞转化率均显著高于对照组（P〈0.05）,说明牛羊专用中草药保健型饲料添加剂能显著提高大鼠的细胞免疫功能。     

复方中草药免疫增强剂对仔鸡免疫效果的影响

选取240羽15日龄健康雏鸡,随机分为4组,第1～3组为试验组,第4组为疫苗对照组.采用HA-HI试验方法测定各组血清中新城疫抗体效价,用MTT法测定T淋巴细胞增殖.结果表明,饮用中草药免疫增强剂之后的第7、14、21天和第28天,试验组的新城疫抗体效价均高于或显著高于对照组;饮用中草药免疫增强剂之后的第14天和第21天,试验组T淋巴细胞的增殖均显著高于对照组;饮用中草药免疫增强剂之后的第14天和第28天,试验组蛋仔鸡的腔上囊、脾脏指数均高于或显著高于对照组.复方中草药免疫增强剂具有促进抗体的生成,增强机体的体液免疫,促进免疫器官的发育和外周血淋巴细胞的增殖,增强机体的细胞免疫等作用.     

饲料中添加腐植酸对仔猪增重及免疫功能的影响

为探讨腐植酸对仔猪增重及免疫功能的影响.本试验选择35日龄健康杜×长×大三元杂交仔猪48头,随机分为4组.每组12头.每组设3个重复.一个对照组,其他3组为试验组(设高、中、低3个剂量组).试验组腐植酸在基础日粮中的添加量分别为1000、100 mg/kg和10 mg/kg,连续饲喂仔猪10 d后,进行称重、T淋巴细胞Ea花环率和B淋巴细胞EAC花环率的测定.结果表明,饲喂腐植酸的健康仔猪高剂量组增重效果显著高于对照组(P＜0.05)中剂量组和高剂量组的Ea花环率显著高于对照组仔猪(P＜0.05);中剂量组的EAC花环率显著高于对照组仔猪(P＜0.05);高剂量组的EAC花环率极显著高于对照组仔猪(P＜0.01).这表明,饲喂高剂量腐植酸可以提高仔猪的增重中剂量和高剂量腐植酸可显著改善仔猪机体的免疫水平.     

MTT法评价猪口蹄疫合成肽疫苗的细胞免疫应答

为评价猪口蹄疫合成肽疫苗免疫猪后的细胞免疫应答,用含有E、F两种多肽抗原的猪口蹄疫合成肽疫苗免疫猪,二免后两周采血分离猪外周血淋巴细胞,再用E、F两种合成肽及二者混合物对淋巴细胞刺激培养48 h,用MTT法检测特异性T淋巴细胞增殖反应。结果显示,在抗原E、F混合物浓度为50μg/mL时,抗原对免疫组淋巴结细胞的刺激增殖作用显著高于未免疫对照组（P〈0.01）。表明,该猪口蹄疫合成肽疫苗免疫猪能有效引起特异性T淋巴细胞免疫应答。     

感染IBDV雏鸡血液激素水平和ANAE阳性淋巴细胞动态变化

为探讨内分泌活动及细胞免疫反应在鸡抗传染性法氏囊病毒（ＩＢＤＶ）感染中的调节作用机制而进行了本研究。结果表明,攻毒后１～５ｄ内,未免疫攻毒鸡（Ａ组）、免疫攻毒鸡（Ｂ组）血浆皮质酮均明显上升,而未免疫未攻毒鸡（Ｃ组）则否。Ａ、Ｂ、Ｃ３组血浆Ｔ４水平攻毒前后无明显变化,Ｔ３除在攻毒后第３天Ａ组明显高于Ｂ、Ｃ组外,其他时间无明显差异性变化。血液ＡＮＡＥ阳性淋巴细胞（％）在攻毒后的１～５ｄ内,Ａ组和Ｂ组明显下降,以后回升,至２８ｄ回复到攻毒前水平,并接近于Ｃ组。Ａ组的ＡＮＡＥ阳性淋巴细胞（％）与皮质酮呈显著负相关,与Ｔ３和Ｔ４无明显相关性。     

基因枪与肌肉注射猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒ORF5基因疫苗诱导小鼠体液及细胞免疫的比较研究

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒ORF5基因疫苗（pcDNA—PRRSV—ORF5）以不同免疫途径（基因枪和肌肉注射）免疫BALB／c小鼠，以PBS和空载质粒pcDNA3．1（＋）为对照，采用流式细胞仪（FACS）、淋巴细胞增殖试验（MTT法）及间接ELISA试验分别对小鼠外周血中CD4^＋、CD8^＋T淋巴细胞数、T淋巴细胞的转化功能及小鼠血清中特异性PRRSV血清抗体IgG动态变化进行了检测。结果表明，pcDNA—PRRSV-ORF5基因疫苗接种小鼠后外周血对ConA有明显的反应性，试验组与对照组比较差异极显著（P〈0．01）或显著（P〈0．05），CD4^＋T淋巴细胞数在免疫后7d高于对照组（P〈0．01），CD8^＋T淋巴细胞在免疫后28d高于对照组，不同途径基因疫苗接种小鼠后均诱导小鼠产生PRRSV特异性IgG。在诱导细胞免疫方面，基因枪和肌肉注射各组间无明显差异；在诱导体液免疫方面，基因枪法优于肌肉注射。研究表明制备的pcDNA—PRRSV—ORF5基因疫苗免疫小鼠能够诱导其机体产生良好的体液和细胞免疫应答，基因枪法较肌肉注射更能诱导体液免疫应答的产生。     

柔嫩艾美耳球虫对藏鸡和隐性白羽鸡致病性差异分析

为进一步明确柔嫩艾美耳球虫对球虫易感性差异鸡种的致病性,本研究以1×10⁵个柔嫩艾美耳球虫孢子化卵囊的剂量分别感染对球虫具有抗性的藏鸡和易感的隐性白羽鸡,接种后观察记录各组鸡的临床表征、血便记分、死亡率、增重、盲肠病变记分、卵囊产量,并于感染前和感染后3、6和8 d每个品种分别随机选择5只鸡采集抗凝血,应用流式细胞仪（FCAS）检测外周血CD4⁺T和CD8⁺T淋巴细胞亚群数量。结果显示,柔嫩艾美耳球虫感染后藏鸡相对增重率高于隐性白羽鸡,死亡率、血便记分和盲肠病变记分均低于隐性白羽鸡,但卵囊产量高于隐性白羽鸡。外周血T淋巴细胞亚群变化方面,感染前,藏鸡CD4⁺T淋巴细胞数及CD4⁺/CD8⁺比值均高于隐性白羽鸡。感染后第3天,藏鸡CD4⁺、CD8⁺ T淋巴细胞数及CD4⁺/CD8⁺比值下降,隐性白羽鸡CD8⁺ T淋巴细胞数略有下降,CD4⁺T淋巴细胞数及CD4⁺/CD8⁺比值上升,但CD4⁺/CD8⁺比值仍显著低于藏鸡（P<0.05）。感染后第6天,2个品种鸡CD4⁺ T淋巴细胞数及CD4⁺/CD8⁺比值均下降,其中藏鸡表现为显著下降（P<0.05）,而隐性白羽鸡仅CD4⁺/CD8⁺比值显著降低（P<0.05）,隐性白羽鸡CD8⁺ T淋巴细胞数显著升高（P<0.05）。感染后第8天,2个品种鸡CD4⁺/CD8⁺比值显著下降（P<0.05）,藏鸡CD8⁺ T淋巴细胞数显著高于隐性白羽鸡（P<0.05）,但CD4⁺/CD8⁺比值显著低于隐性白羽鸡（P<0.05）。结果表明,球虫对藏鸡和隐性白羽鸡的致病性存在差异,这种差异与T淋巴细胞介导的免疫应答反应密切相关。     

Serial syngeneic transplantation of large granular lymphocyte leukemia in F344 rats

A spontaneous large granular lymphocyte (LGL) leukemia was serially transplanted in 92 male F344 rats kept under standard laboratory conditions. Serial transplantation into groups of four rats each resulted in a rapid reduction in the latent period of the disease. After 23 serial transplantations, F344 rats in groups that were injected intraperitoneally with 10(7) cells died between 12 and 16 days after transplantation. At necropsy, "transplanted" rats had enlarged mesenteric lymph nodes, thymus, and spleen. Neoplastic cells were detected in the spleen on day 3 and in peripheral blood on day 6. Extreme leukocytosis with leukemia was present on day 9. Severe hemolytic anemia coincided with a sharp increase in osmotic fragility on day 12. Splenic lymphoid depletion was observed histologically and confirmed by differential cell counts of isolated spleen cells. Analysis for surface markers of splenic lymphocytes by monoclonal antibodies and flow cytometry indicated that cells with T helper/inducer phenotypes were disproportionately decreased, while the number of T suppressor cells did not significantly change. The T helper/T suppressor lymphocyte ratio (normal = 2.09 +/- 0.35) was decreased on day 9 (0.76 +/- 0.10) and day 12 (0.25 +/- 0.04). Hemolytic anemia was not related to a decrease in the number of T suppressor cells. The passaged leukemia cell model should provide investigators with an easily maintained neoplasm of short latency with which to study pathogenesis of leukemia-related disorders.     

青蒿组方对球虫感染雏鸡血液中CD4^+和CD8^+T淋巴细胞的影响试验

为研究青蒿组方中药对鸡免疫力的影响,试验选取14日龄三黄鸡120只,平均分为4组:感染给药组(1组),感染不给药组(2组),不感染给药组(3组),不感染不给药组(4组).感染组人工接种柔嫩艾美耳球虫孢子化卵囊.接种后第4、7、10 d运用流式细胞仪测定各组鸡血液中CD4^+、CD8^+T淋巴细胞值及二者的比值.结果:1组CD4^+、CD8^+T淋巴细胞值及其比例在接种后第4、7、10 d均高于2组,差异显著(P<0.05);2组CD4^+、CD8^+T淋巴细胞平均比值低于其他3个组.结论:青蒿组方中药可促进鸡血液中CD4^+、CD8^+T淋巴细胞生成,进而增强机体的免疫功能.     

香菇多糖和黄芪多糖对马立克氏病强毒感染雏鸡白细胞介素2活性和淋巴细胞增殖反应的影响

１日龄ＡＡ肉用雏鸡以马立克氏病强毒（ｖＭＤＶ）人工感染后,马立克氏病（ＭＤ）发病率３３．７５％,死亡率１１．２５％。同健康雏鸡相比,ＩＬ－２诱生活性和Ｔ淋巴细胞增殖反应降低（Ｐ＞０．０５）和显著降低（Ｐ＜０．０５）。ｖＭＤＶ感染雏鸡注射香菇多糖和黄芪多糖,ＭＤ发病率分别为２０％、１７．５％,死亡率分别为７．５％、５％。同感染组相比,感染／香菇组和感染／黄芪组的ＩＬ－２诱生活性和Ｔ淋巴细胞增殖反应均升高（Ｐ＞０．０５）和显著升高（Ｐ＜０．０５）。     

Influence of post-ovulatory insemination on sperm distribution,pregnancy and the infiltration by cells of the immune system,and the distribution of CD2, CD4, CD8 and MHC class II expressing cells in the sow endometrium

This study investigates the distribution of leucocytes, CD2+, CD4+, CD8+ lymphocyte subpopulations and MHC class II expressing cells in the sow endometrium following post-ovulatory insemination in relation to clinical findings and pregnancy outcome. Crossbred multiparous sows were inseminated once either at 15-20 h after ovulation [experiment 1, slaughtered at 20-25 h (5-6 h after artificial insemination (AI), group 1-A, n = 4), at 70 h after ovulation (group 1-B, n = 4), on day 11 (group 1-C, n = 4, first day of standing oestrus = day 1) or on day 19 (group 1-D, n = 4)] or 30 h after ovulation [experiment 2, slaughtered at 5-6 h after AI (group 2-A, n = 4) or on day 19 (group 2-D, n = 3)]. The uterine horns were flushed to control for the presence of spermatozoa and neutrophils and/or for recovery of oocytes and/or embryos. Mesometrial uterine samples were plastic embedded and stained. Cryofixed uterine samples were analysed by immunohistochemistry using mAbs to lymphocyte subpopulations and MHC class II molecules. Light microscopy was used to examine surface (SE) and glandular epithelia (GE), and connective tissue layers, both subepithelially (SL) and glandular (GL). In experiment 1, group 1-A, only one sow had spermatozoa in the utero-tubal junction (UTJ). Marked/moderated numbers of neutrophils and spermatozoa were observed in the flushings of two sows. In group 1-B, altogether 23 of 48 oocytes were cleaved. Day 11 (1-C), embryos with small diameter were observed. Day 19 (1-D), no embryos were found but small pieces of foetal membrane were observed in one of the sows. In group 1-A, large numbers of neutrophils were found within the SE and SL but with high individual variation. For T lymphocyte subpopulations, in the SE, most CD2+ cells were found in group 1-A. For both SE and GE in all groups, the number of CD8+ cells was significantly larger than that of CD4+ cells. In experiment 2, group 2-A, no sow had spermatozoa in the UTJ or in the uterine flushings. At day 19, no sow was pregnant. In group 2-A, large numbers of neutrophils were found within the SE and SL but with high individual variation. At day 19, high E2 levels showed a hormonal prooestrous stage but the endometrial neutrophil infiltration normally expected at pro-oestrus was absent. In conclusion, post-ovulatory insemination (about 18 h after ovulation) resulted in impaired spermatozoa transport within the uterus and embryonic degeneration. In sows post-ovulatory inseminated at a later stage (30 h after ovulation), no sow was pregnant. In both experiments, disturbed immune cell patterns were observed in some individuals.     

Immune function in pheasants experimentally infected with marble spleen disease virus.

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of marble spleen disease virus (MSDV) infection on the immune response of pheasants. In the first, 15 ring-necked pheasants were inoculated orally with cell-culture-propagated MSDV and 15 received saline (controls). On days 7, 21, and 35 postinoculation (PI), all birds received sheep erythrocytes intravenously. Hemagglutination titers to sheep erythrocytes were determined for serum samples collected weekly for 6 weeks. The virus-inoculated group had significantly (P less than 0.05) lower hemagglutination titers than the control group. In the second experiment, 30 pheasants were allotted into two groups as above. Whole blood was collected from each bird weekly for 5 weeks. The blood was cultured in microtiter plates with or without optimum concentrations of concanavalin A. Five of 10 MSDV-inoculated pheasants had significantly depressed T lymphocyte transformation on either day 7 or day 14 PI. Overall, the depression of T lymphocyte transformation was transient and mild.