江淮地区冬闲田豆禾牧草混播生产模式的发展前景

随着动物性食品需求的快速增长和“粮改饲”政策的实施,推进农区产业结构调整和草食畜牧业全面发展势在必行,江淮地区作为我国南方重要的粮食生产基地和畜牧业发展基地,可充分利用其冬闲田的生产潜力,推行粮草兼顾型种植模式,探索出适合当地冬季种植的牧草生产模式。江淮地区冬闲田种草现多以黑麦草(Lolium perenne)、紫云英(Astragalus sinicus)等单播为主,多花黑麦草+紫云英(Astragalus sinicus)/白三叶(Trifolium repens)/光叶紫花苕(Vicia villosa)、燕麦(Avena sativa)+毛叶苕子(Vicia villosa)/金花菜(Medicago hispida)等冬闲田豆禾混播生产模式可以克服禾本科单播施肥较多、土地翻耕难、豆科单播产量较低和营养不全面等方面问题,能够更加有效地提高生产力,增强土地持久力,对于增加农民收入,推进江淮地区草食畜牧业发展,促进南方农业生态转型有着积极作用。本研究分析了江淮地区饲草种植的发展前景和现状,阐述了在江淮地区施行豆禾牧草混播生产模式的优势,并探讨了优质豆禾牧草混播模式及其生态经济效益,以期为江淮地区及类似地区的冬闲田牧草种植提供参考。     

江淮地区冬闲田豆禾牧草混播生产模式的发展前景

随着动物性食品需求的快速增长和"粮改饲"政策的实施,推进农区产业结构调整和草食畜牧业全面发展势在必行,江淮地区作为我国南方重要的粮食生产基地和畜牧业发展基地,可充分利用其冬闲田的生产潜力,推行粮草兼顾型种植模式,探索出适合当地冬季种植的牧草生产模式.江淮地区冬闲田种草现多以黑麦草(Lolium perenne)、紫云英(Astragalus sinicus)等单播为主,多花黑麦草+紫云英(Astragalus sinicus)/白三叶(Trifolium repens)/光叶紫花苕(Vicia villosa)、燕麦(Avena sativa)+毛叶苕子(Vicia villosa)/金花菜(Medicago hispida)等冬闲田豆禾混播生产模式可以克服禾本科单播施肥较多、土地翻耕难、豆科单播产量较低和营养不全面等方面问题,能够更加有效地提高生产力,增强土地持久力,对于增加农民收入,推进江淮地区草食畜牧业发展,促进南方农业生态转型有着积极作用.本研究分析了江淮地区饲草种植的发展前景和现状,阐述了在江淮地区施行豆禾牧草混播生产模式的优势,并探讨了优质豆禾牧草混播模式及其生态经济效益,以期为江淮地区及类似地区的冬闲田牧草种植提供参考.     

提高优质牧草和饲料开发，促进信阳地区经济发展

信阳牧草品种繁多,但由于品质参差不齐,科学技术投入较少,饲料利用率不高。牧草和饲料的育种、生产对畜牧业发展有直接影响。畜牧业是推动国民经济发展的支柱型产业,牧草和饲料为畜牧业发展提供保障。牧草饲料产业可统一规划,统一生产,促进畜牧产业生态化、经济化发展,增加牧民收入。畜牧业生产需要投入大量饲料,相比其他饲料,牧草饲料优势明显。虽然我国畜牧业不断发展,并取得一定的成果,但优质牧草和饲料不多,影响畜牧质量的提升。种植优质牧草是解决牧草饲料短缺、人多地少问题的有效途径,并且是发展高效生态农业的重要举措,对构建高效农业生态系统有重要意义。信阳地区要积极开发利用优质牧草和饲料,减少精饲料的使用,降低饲养成本,提升养殖经济效益,促进地区经济发展。     

“粮改饲”政策实施成效、问题及建议——以山东省为例

山东省是畜牧业大省,发展牧草产业是山东省优化农业产业结构的重要内容,对山东省草食畜牧业发展具有重要的意义和作用。"粮改饲"政策的实施,有利于优化农业种植结构,为满足草食家畜对牧草的需求奠定基础;有利于调整牧草生产模式,联合龙头企业推进牧草产业发展;有利于经济、生态与社会效益初步显现,形成多种生产经营模式。但在"粮改饲"实施过程中面临劳动力趋于老龄化,综合接受能力薄弱;牧草种植面积规模偏小,青贮机械装备数量有限;政策不完善,收购企业大额资金投入困难等问题。因此,需要完善"粮改饲"政策支持体系;强化宣传与培训力度;加快机械设备技术研发,保障牧草生产进程。     

南方优质肉鸭种苗产业体系构建与关键技术集成推广

肉鸭产业在我国南方畜牧业经济中的重要地位逐渐凸显，对促进畜牧业健康发展和农民增收具有重要作用。本文针对目前南方肉鸭产业所存在的问题，构建包含种苗繁育、饲料营养、生态养殖、疾病防控、屠宰加工、远程疾病诊断、循环利用、产业化基地建设、管理制度等9个方面的南方优质肉鸭种苗产业体系与关键技术的集成推广，建立完善的肉鸭产业链，推进南方优质肉鸭持续健康稳定发展。     

南方耐铝毒紫花苜蓿遗传育种研究进展

紫花苜蓿为全世界所推广的优质牧草。在我国北方大部分地区已广泛种植，但其产量已远远不能满足市场需求。因此，挖掘南方种植紫花苜蓿的生产潜力成为必然趋势。目前，南方土壤中的铝毒是妨碍其高产的重要原因。本文通过近年来国内外铝毒对作物的影响以及紫花苜蓿耐铝毒育种研究进行评述，为今后培育出耐铝毒、高产量的南方紫花苜蓿新品种以及加快我国畜牧业发展提供指导。     

吉林省牧草培育现状分析与发展思考

优质牧草是草牧产业可持续发展及生态环境建设的重要基础,培育优质牧草既可以满足家畜对饲草料质量与数量的需求,又可以用于建植人工草地,有效缓解大面积天然草地的供草压力,使其得以保护和修复。吉林省作为我国重要的畜牧业生产基地,草地资源丰富,但目前优质牧草品种匮乏已成为制约吉林省草牧产业发展的主要问题。笔者简要概述中国牧草培育研究工作进展的同时,结合吉林省自然生态条件和牧草培育现状,分析了吉林省牧草培育工作过程中存在的问题,并有针对性地提出完善牧草种质资源"收-鉴-评-研"一体化进程、提纯和复壮已育成牧草品种、因地制宜确定牧草育种目标、加强现代生物技术的应用、尽快健全优良牧草品种的"育-繁-产-推"体系的建议,以期为促进吉林省草牧产业的快速发展提供参考。     

澳大利亚牧草在江西红壤丘陵岗地引种试验初报

近年来随着我国南方畜牧业及渔业的发展,对牧草的需求量日益增加.人们很希望能获得高产优质的牧草,以提高牧草的生产能力和质量,就需要通过引种或育种来解决这个问题.对于后者来说,要育出一个新的品种,需要较长的时间,而通过引种就可以将其他地方的一些优质牧草种或品种直接引进种植,一旦引种成功就可直接推广而产生经济效益.因此,引种是解决优质牧草缺乏的很好方法.     

黔南贫困山区优质牧草种植推广模式介绍

笔者通过总结优质牧草种植推广的几种模式,目的是促进贫困山区草食畜牧业发展,在使优质牧草种植技术得到很好推广的同时达到农户增收,对贫困山区经济发展具有一定的重要意义。     

澳大利亚牧草在江西红壤丘陵岗地引种试验初报

近年来随着我国南方畜牧业及渔业的发展，对牧草的需求量日益增加。人们很希望能获得高产优质的牧草，以提高牧草的生产能力和质量，就需要通过引种或育种来解决这个问题。对于后者来说，要育出一个新的品种，需要较长的时间，而通过引种就可以将其他地方的一些优质牧草种或品种直接引进种植，一旦引种成功就可直接推广而产生经济效益。因此，引种是解决优质牧草缺乏的很好方法。     

The influence of the width of the saddle tree on the forces and the pressure distribution under the saddle

As there is no statistical evidence that saddle fit influences the load exerted on a horse's back, this study was performed to assess the hypothesis that the width of the tree significantly alters the pressure distribution on the back beneath the saddle. Nineteen sound horses were ridden at walk and trot on a treadmill with three saddles differing only in tree width. Kinetic data were recorded by a sensor mat. A minimum of 14 motion cycles were used in each trial. The saddles were classified into four groups depending on fit. For each horse, the saddle with the lowest overall force (LOF) was determined. Saddles were classified as "too-narrow" if they were one size (2 cm) narrower than the LOF saddle, and "too-wide" if they were one size (2 cm) wider than the LOF saddle. Saddles two sizes wider than LOF saddles were classified as "very-wide". In the group of narrow saddles, the pressure in the caudal third (walk 0.63 N/cm(2)+/-0.10; trot 1.08 N/cm(2)+/-0.26) was significantly higher compared to the LOF saddles (walk 0.50 N/cm(2)+/-0.09; trot 0.86 N/cm(2)+/-0.28). In the middle transversal third, the pressure of the wide saddles (walk 0.73 N/cm(2)+/-0.06; trot 1.52 N/cm(2)+/-0.19) and very-wide saddles (walk 0.77 N/cm(2)+/-0.06; trot 1.57 N/cm(2)+/-0.19) was significantly higher compared to LOF saddles (walk 0.65 N/cm(2)+/-0.10/ 0.63 N/cm(2)+/-0.11; trot 1.33 N/cm(2)+/-0.22/1.27 N/cm(2)+/-0.20). This study demonstrates that the load under poorly fitting saddles is distributed over a smaller area than under properly fitting saddles, leading to potentially harmful pressures peaks.     

Monitoring of the mare during the perinatal period at the clinic and in the stable

Complications in late gestation are challenging problems for the equine clinician and are causes of considerable distress to owners. Health problems in a pregnant mare in each stage of gestation can adversely affect the pregnancy. It is important to obtain a thorough history and perform a detailed and systematic examination of the pregnant mare so that the mare may be classified as normal or high-risk. However, even after a thorough examination, practitioners may face problems with the interpretation and assessment of risk. Normal mares should foal in the stable or pasture. Mares classified as having a high-risk pregnancy need to be monitored precisely for signs of oncoming foaling with attendance of trained personnel when labour begins. A valuable method for monitoring of the high-risk mare is assessing fetoplacental well-being. Fetoplacental well-being is most accurately assessed with ultrasonography as well as several available hormone profiles. We are proposing our scoring system of the mare's health, which may be useful in the assessment of risk during pregnancy and help clinicians to decide whether sending the mare to the clinic is reasonable or unnecessary.     

中国饲料工业协会第五届理事会顾问、会长、常务副会长、副会长、秘书长、副秘书长、常务理事、理事名单

顾问刘中一张德邻宋瑞祥聂振邦张子仪戎易王维四会长白美清国务院原副秘书长、第四届理事会会长常务副会长(8人,以姓氏笔划为序)刘永好新希望集团董事长、第四届理事会副会长刘汉元通威股份有限公司董事长、第四届理事会副会长陈丹广东恒兴集团股份有限公司董事长、第四届理事会副会长张延喜农业部原副部长、第四届理事会副会长吴明夏湖南正虹科技发展股份有限公司董事长、第四届理事会副会长陶一山唐人神集团股份有限公司董事长、第四届理事会副会长温鹏程广东温氏食品集团有限公司董事长、第四届理事会副会长谭竹洲原化学工业部副部长、第…     

鸡胆囊交感节后神经元的定位研究

为了找出支配鸡胆囊交感节后神经元的分布规律,选用体重1.5 kg～2.5 kg的成年母鸡6只,将CT-HRP溶液注入胆囊壁,动物存活3 d～4 d后,经左心室灌流固定,取内脏神经节、肾上腺神经节以及双侧胸、腰和荐段交感干神经节,制成50 μm的连续冰冻切片,TMB法呈色反应,置明视野显微镜下观片统计.结果发现,支配鸡胆囊的交感传出神经元胞体位于内脏神经节(占41.1%)、肾上腺神经节(占40.5%)和T2～T7交感干神经节(占18.4%),在交感干神经节中标记细胞的峰值位于T5、T6交感干神经节.所有的标记细胞以位于右侧的占优势.     

Harnessing the genetic toolbox for the benefit of the racing Thoroughbred

The understanding and application of genetics have grown extremely quickly since it has become possible to sequence the whole genome of an organism. The human genome sequence was completed in 2001 and that of the horse in 2007. The significance of this is that it makes it more feasible to explain how both genetically simple and complex traits are transmitted from one generation to the next and, therefore, to make informed breeding decisions, modify how horses are managed and trained to minimise the risk of disease and injury, and improve methods of prevention, diagnosis and treatment of many conditions. The science of genetics/genomics will continue to grow internationally, limited only by the funds available. The application of the science to man, horses and other species raises very complex moral and commercial issues. Thoroughbred breeders are perceived by some as resistant to change, but their apparent intransigence is often based on a genuine concern for the integrity of the breed. By taking control of the application of the advances in genetics, the Thoroughbred industry potentially has the opportunity to improve both the health and performance of Thoroughbreds. If, however, the science is applied in an uncoordinated manner, driven by commercial interests with no underlying concern for the horses themselves, there is a very real risk that breeders, the Thoroughbred breed and individual horses will all suffer as a consequence.     

商品猪胴体性能对分割销售后效益的影响

试验以深圳某集团销售外三元商品猪为研究对象,分析了商品猪不同胴体性能对分割销售效益的影响.结果表明,销售完成率与胴体背膘厚呈正相关,不同背膘厚的销售完成率差异极显著(P<0.01);销售完成率与胴体重呈正相关,不同胴体重的销售完成率差异显著(P<0.05);销售毛利率与胴体背膘厚呈正相关,不同背膘厚的销售毛利率差异极显...     

陕北白绒山羊繁育中心羊场绒山羊日粮的评价

试验选择陕北白绒山羊繁育中心羊场的成年健康母羊（怀孕前期）16只,育成母羊13只,育成公羊13只,空腹称重。测定每只羊1d的采食量,计算其摄入的营养成分含量,并与原苏联绒用山羊饲养标准比较,进行饲养水平评价。结果显示,与饲养标准比较,陕北白绒山羊繁育中心羊场的育成母羊代谢能高2．68MJ,粗蛋白低59．29g,钙低3．00g,磷低1．52g;育成公羊代谢能高3．47MJ,粗蛋白低81．92g,钙低4．42g,磷低2．62g;成年母羊代谢能高2．51MJ,粗蛋白低91．33g,钙低3．09g,磷低1．93g。结合羊的体况综合评价饲养水平基本合理,但尚需要按饲养标准增加粗蛋白、钙、磷等营养物质的供给量。     

Evidence for the non-involvement of the uterus in the lifespan of the corpus luteum in the cyclic dog

Progesterone levels in peripheral blood of dogs were analysed during the cycle in which hysterectomy (n = 5) or sham surgery (n = 3) was performed as well as during the cycle of dogs (n = 5) hysterectomized at least one year prior to this study; the data were compared with the findings in control dogs (n = 3). The averages of the duration of the luteal period observed in the three experimental groups were not significantly different from those of control dogs. Immediately after surgery, the progesterone level decreased from 25 to 50% of the presurgical level, but returned to presurgical level in about four days. Prolactin levels were elevated for about 30 h after surgery. Nevertheless, the averages of the mean prolactin levels for each animal during the luteal period of the experimental groups were not significantly different from those of control dogs. It is concluded that in the dog, the uterus is not involved in the lifespan of the cyclic corpus luteum.     

犊牛腹泻与肠道菌群的变化

本文检测腹泻犊牛的直肠内8种主要正常菌群的变化,并与健康犊牛进行对比。结果发现,犊牛腹泻时,大肠杆菌、双岐杆菌和乳杆菌变化较大,而其它菌群变化较小。腹泻或将腹泻时,大肠杆菌数增加,双岐杆菌和乳杆菌数下降。腹泻康复或即将康复时,大肠杆菌减少,双岐杆菌、乳杆菌数增加。