景电灌区新绿洲景观格局分析

以景泰县二期灌区生态经济型防护林建设示范村和景泰县沙漠化地区为例,对比分析了景电灌区荒漠绿洲景观格局的变化,结果表明,随着灌区的开发利用和灌区防护林体系的建设,景电灌区景观格局发生了很大变化,由开发前半固定、流动沙荒地为主的荒漠景观变成了荒漠绿洲景观,即防护林网保护下的农田景观、灌区边缘农田与沙地交接过渡区以防风阻沙林带为主的景观和灌区外围人工封育的半固定、流动沙地景观3种典型景观类型组成的荒漠绿洲景观,景观多样性增加,生态系统稳定性也随之增加.     

黑河流域退耕还林模式--以临泽县为例

以临泽县为例,就河西走廊绿洲地区的退耕还林模式问题进行分析.从彻底根治大风和沙尘暴及干热风等生态环境问题出发,提出有效解决生态环境问题的灌区农田防护林建设模式和灌区外围综合治理模式,为临泽县乃至河西走廊绿洲区的退耕还林工程及生态环境综合治理提供了依据.     

甘肃秦王川灌区苜蓿草地土壤水盐动态及其生态灌溉调控模式

以“生态灌溉”的思路研究秦王川干旱灌区苜蓿草地土壤水盐运移规律及其生态灌溉调控模式;苜蓿在水盐等逆境胁迫下的生理生态特征、生育阶段水分生产函数及生态灌溉制度;应用系统工程方法对灌区苜蓿(Medicago sativa)种植结构及经济效益进行优化配置;构建灌溉水-光合作用-生物产量转化效益及土壤水盐-牧草作物-灌区生态系统协调优化的生态灌溉体系。     

小尾寒羊在景电灌区生态适应性研究

小尾寒羊被作为改良当地绵羊向肉用方向发展的主要品种,自2002—2003年有数千只被投放到景电灌区部分种羊场和舍饲肉羊养殖示范户家中。为了更好地开展滩×寒及其三元杂交商品羊生产,经试验研究,小尾寒羊在景电灌区的阶段体尺及生理常值与山东梁山地区小尾寒羊相应阶段的体尺及生理常值基本是一致的,说明小尾寒羊在景电灌区的生态适应性是好的。出现的同阶段体重偏低及胎产羔数偏低的问题,我们认为,这与我们的饲养管理水平跟不上,怀孕母羊营养差,造成死胎率高的原因有关。     

浅议位山三干渠泵站拦污栅更新改造

拦污栅是设在进水口前,用于拦阻水流挟带的水草、漂木等物(一般称污物)的框栅式结构。拦污栅作为泵站的辅助设施,有效拦阻污物,确保泵站安全运行。位山三干渠泵站,其拦污栅设计简单,腐蚀严重,拦阻污物效率低,给泵站安全运行带来隐患。东昌府区水务局多方筹措资金,于2012年对灌区泵站的拦污栅进行了更新改造,取得了较好的效果,为同类型泵站拦污栅改造提供了科学依据。     

浅谈农田防护林建设及对农作物的影响

防护林生态、经济功能的明确是防护林建设的基础;合理布局,才能有稳定的农田生态系统;林权改制是促进防护林建设的动力;完善防护林管理体制,才可促进农田防护林健康发展。同时对农田防护林建设及农作物增产的机理进行了研究。     

塔里木河中下游退耕还林还草适宜区域界定与优化布局模式研究

新疆塔里木河中下游面临严峻的生态危机，实施退耕还林还草工程是恢复该区域受损生态系统的有效途径，符合生态规律。根据塔里木河中下游独特的自然地理条件和社会经济条件，进行实地调查测定，结合遥感数据分析和数学模型研究，将土地沙漠化程度、土地盐碱化程度和皮棉单产作为指标界定适宜退耕区域。依据植物区位和景观生态学等理论，结合当地实际，提出退耕还林还草5类生态景观的优化布局模式，即沙漠前沿、绿洲外缘已毁林草开垦农田构建荒漠乔灌草生态安全防护模式；重度盐碱化低产农田构建发展当地特种经济植物和荒漠草种模式；绿洲腹地盐碱化相对较轻农田构建优质饲草料基地，发展养殖业模式；绿洲内部低产棉田构建名优特经济林模式；沿农田灌溉渠系构建农田防护林网模式。     

农田防护林对耕地土壤侵蚀速率和空间分布格局的影响

利用~(137)Cs示踪技术对张家口坝上地区农田防护林对农耕地土壤侵蚀速率及其空间分布格局的影响进行了初步研究。结果表明:1)农耕地土壤剖面~(137)Cs呈均匀分布,防护林土壤剖面~(137)Cs呈指数型分布;2)不同土地利用类型下土壤~(137)Cs面积活度表现为沿主风向的防护林[(3 148.38±228.91) Bq·m–2]垂直于主风向的防护林[(2 548.09±202.56) Bq·m~(–2)]农耕地[(1 687.43±174.99) Bq·m~(–2)],土壤侵蚀速率表现为农耕地[(4 446.04±208.68) t·(km~2·a)~(–1)]垂直于主风向的防护林[(2 514.56±181.08) t·(km~2·a)~(–1)]沿主风向的防护林[(1 357.32±301.56) t·(km~2·a)~(–1)];3)距离防护林越近的区域,农耕地土壤~(137)Cs面积活度越高,土壤侵蚀速率越小,而越靠近农耕地中心部位,土壤~(137)Cs面积活度越低,土壤侵蚀模数越高,这表明防护林成林后在减弱耕地风沙侵蚀方面发挥了重要作用;4)垂直于主风向的防护林土壤~(137)Cs面积活度总体呈由西南向东北降低的趋势,即越靠近沿主风向的防护林,土壤~(137)Cs面积活度越高,土壤侵蚀模数越低;5)沿主风向的防护林土壤~(137)Cs面积活度显著高于垂直于主风向的防护林,这表明沿主风向防护林的土壤侵蚀速率显著低于垂直于主风向的防护林。综上可知,农田防护林对我国北方农耕地土壤侵蚀空间分布格局具有显著影响,能够显著减弱农耕地风力侵蚀速率。     

景电灌区绿洲综合生态系统管理耦合技术评价分析

以甘肃省景电灌区的3种典型村落(紧邻沙漠的大咀子村、以砂田为传统耕作方式的寺滩村和以盐碱地种植枸杞为主的红跃村)为研究对象,采用参与式方法调查了村民对沙地封育、保护性耕作、盐碱地种植枸杞(Lyciumchinense)、生态家园建设、防护林体系建设5项措施构成的绿洲综合生态系统管理体系的接受程度,利用层次分析法量化分析农民对管理措施的认可度和满意度。结果表明:目标层满意度加权平均值为8.569,说明综合生态系统管理的各项措施得到了农民的普遍认可;各准则层满意度权重排序为:沙地封育(0.417)保护性耕作(0.263)盐碱地种植枸杞(0.160)生态家园建设(0.097)防护林体系建设(0.062),各指标贡献值差异明显,说明农民对5项措施的认可度和满意度不同;不同村落对综合生态系统管理体系的认可度不同,同村落对不同管理措施的满意度及认可度权重差异较大;针对灌区发展现状,结合评价结果,提出了绿洲综合生态系统管理耦合技术及建设对策。     

美国白蛾防治试验

<正>美国白蛾Hlyphantria cunea(Drury)又名美国灯蛾、秋幕毛虫、秋幕蛾,属鳞翅目,灯蛾科。是举世瞩目的世界性检疫害虫。主要危害果树、行道树和观赏树木,尤其以阔叶树为重。对园林树木、经济林、农田防护林等。目前已被列入我国首批外来入侵物种。生物学特性:美国白蛾在河南省一年能发生三代。美国白蛾以蛹在树皮下或地面枯枝落叶处越冬,幼虫孵化后吐丝结网,群集网中取食叶片,叶片被     

The influence of the width of the saddle tree on the forces and the pressure distribution under the saddle

As there is no statistical evidence that saddle fit influences the load exerted on a horse's back, this study was performed to assess the hypothesis that the width of the tree significantly alters the pressure distribution on the back beneath the saddle. Nineteen sound horses were ridden at walk and trot on a treadmill with three saddles differing only in tree width. Kinetic data were recorded by a sensor mat. A minimum of 14 motion cycles were used in each trial. The saddles were classified into four groups depending on fit. For each horse, the saddle with the lowest overall force (LOF) was determined. Saddles were classified as "too-narrow" if they were one size (2 cm) narrower than the LOF saddle, and "too-wide" if they were one size (2 cm) wider than the LOF saddle. Saddles two sizes wider than LOF saddles were classified as "very-wide". In the group of narrow saddles, the pressure in the caudal third (walk 0.63 N/cm(2)+/-0.10; trot 1.08 N/cm(2)+/-0.26) was significantly higher compared to the LOF saddles (walk 0.50 N/cm(2)+/-0.09; trot 0.86 N/cm(2)+/-0.28). In the middle transversal third, the pressure of the wide saddles (walk 0.73 N/cm(2)+/-0.06; trot 1.52 N/cm(2)+/-0.19) and very-wide saddles (walk 0.77 N/cm(2)+/-0.06; trot 1.57 N/cm(2)+/-0.19) was significantly higher compared to LOF saddles (walk 0.65 N/cm(2)+/-0.10/ 0.63 N/cm(2)+/-0.11; trot 1.33 N/cm(2)+/-0.22/1.27 N/cm(2)+/-0.20). This study demonstrates that the load under poorly fitting saddles is distributed over a smaller area than under properly fitting saddles, leading to potentially harmful pressures peaks.     

Monitoring of the mare during the perinatal period at the clinic and in the stable

Complications in late gestation are challenging problems for the equine clinician and are causes of considerable distress to owners. Health problems in a pregnant mare in each stage of gestation can adversely affect the pregnancy. It is important to obtain a thorough history and perform a detailed and systematic examination of the pregnant mare so that the mare may be classified as normal or high-risk. However, even after a thorough examination, practitioners may face problems with the interpretation and assessment of risk. Normal mares should foal in the stable or pasture. Mares classified as having a high-risk pregnancy need to be monitored precisely for signs of oncoming foaling with attendance of trained personnel when labour begins. A valuable method for monitoring of the high-risk mare is assessing fetoplacental well-being. Fetoplacental well-being is most accurately assessed with ultrasonography as well as several available hormone profiles. We are proposing our scoring system of the mare's health, which may be useful in the assessment of risk during pregnancy and help clinicians to decide whether sending the mare to the clinic is reasonable or unnecessary.     

中国饲料工业协会第五届理事会顾问、会长、常务副会长、副会长、秘书长、副秘书长、常务理事、理事名单

顾问刘中一张德邻宋瑞祥聂振邦张子仪戎易王维四会长白美清国务院原副秘书长、第四届理事会会长常务副会长(8人,以姓氏笔划为序)刘永好新希望集团董事长、第四届理事会副会长刘汉元通威股份有限公司董事长、第四届理事会副会长陈丹广东恒兴集团股份有限公司董事长、第四届理事会副会长张延喜农业部原副部长、第四届理事会副会长吴明夏湖南正虹科技发展股份有限公司董事长、第四届理事会副会长陶一山唐人神集团股份有限公司董事长、第四届理事会副会长温鹏程广东温氏食品集团有限公司董事长、第四届理事会副会长谭竹洲原化学工业部副部长、第…     

鸡胆囊交感节后神经元的定位研究

为了找出支配鸡胆囊交感节后神经元的分布规律,选用体重1.5 kg～2.5 kg的成年母鸡6只,将CT-HRP溶液注入胆囊壁,动物存活3 d～4 d后,经左心室灌流固定,取内脏神经节、肾上腺神经节以及双侧胸、腰和荐段交感干神经节,制成50 μm的连续冰冻切片,TMB法呈色反应,置明视野显微镜下观片统计.结果发现,支配鸡胆囊的交感传出神经元胞体位于内脏神经节(占41.1%)、肾上腺神经节(占40.5%)和T2～T7交感干神经节(占18.4%),在交感干神经节中标记细胞的峰值位于T5、T6交感干神经节.所有的标记细胞以位于右侧的占优势.     

犊牛腹泻与肠道菌群的变化

本文检测腹泻犊牛的直肠内8种主要正常菌群的变化,并与健康犊牛进行对比。结果发现,犊牛腹泻时,大肠杆菌、双岐杆菌和乳杆菌变化较大,而其它菌群变化较小。腹泻或将腹泻时,大肠杆菌数增加,双岐杆菌和乳杆菌数下降。腹泻康复或即将康复时,大肠杆菌减少,双岐杆菌、乳杆菌数增加。     

Harnessing the genetic toolbox for the benefit of the racing Thoroughbred

The understanding and application of genetics have grown extremely quickly since it has become possible to sequence the whole genome of an organism. The human genome sequence was completed in 2001 and that of the horse in 2007. The significance of this is that it makes it more feasible to explain how both genetically simple and complex traits are transmitted from one generation to the next and, therefore, to make informed breeding decisions, modify how horses are managed and trained to minimise the risk of disease and injury, and improve methods of prevention, diagnosis and treatment of many conditions. The science of genetics/genomics will continue to grow internationally, limited only by the funds available. The application of the science to man, horses and other species raises very complex moral and commercial issues. Thoroughbred breeders are perceived by some as resistant to change, but their apparent intransigence is often based on a genuine concern for the integrity of the breed. By taking control of the application of the advances in genetics, the Thoroughbred industry potentially has the opportunity to improve both the health and performance of Thoroughbreds. If, however, the science is applied in an uncoordinated manner, driven by commercial interests with no underlying concern for the horses themselves, there is a very real risk that breeders, the Thoroughbred breed and individual horses will all suffer as a consequence.     

商品猪胴体性能对分割销售后效益的影响

试验以深圳某集团销售外三元商品猪为研究对象,分析了商品猪不同胴体性能对分割销售效益的影响.结果表明,销售完成率与胴体背膘厚呈正相关,不同背膘厚的销售完成率差异极显著(P<0.01);销售完成率与胴体重呈正相关,不同胴体重的销售完成率差异显著(P<0.05);销售毛利率与胴体背膘厚呈正相关,不同背膘厚的销售毛利率差异极显...     

陕北白绒山羊繁育中心羊场绒山羊日粮的评价

试验选择陕北白绒山羊繁育中心羊场的成年健康母羊（怀孕前期）16只,育成母羊13只,育成公羊13只,空腹称重。测定每只羊1d的采食量,计算其摄入的营养成分含量,并与原苏联绒用山羊饲养标准比较,进行饲养水平评价。结果显示,与饲养标准比较,陕北白绒山羊繁育中心羊场的育成母羊代谢能高2．68MJ,粗蛋白低59．29g,钙低3．00g,磷低1．52g;育成公羊代谢能高3．47MJ,粗蛋白低81．92g,钙低4．42g,磷低2．62g;成年母羊代谢能高2．51MJ,粗蛋白低91．33g,钙低3．09g,磷低1．93g。结合羊的体况综合评价饲养水平基本合理,但尚需要按饲养标准增加粗蛋白、钙、磷等营养物质的供给量。     

猪獾全身骨骼的观测

对致死后的野生雄性猪獾作全身骨骼系统观察测定，共拍摄照片6幅，查明猪獾全身共有252共骨头，另有4块喉软骨，长约4．3cm，略弯圆柱状阴茎骨，16对肋软骨，上下各1对犬齿，较发达，分别长1．4cm,1.3cm，发现猪獾善于穴居或栖居，行动迟缓的骨骼特征：（1）胸椎发达，颈椎，腰椎较发达；（2）胸骨的前端愈合完全，后端膨大突出：（3）前肢短，有29．5cm，后肢长，有33．4cm，均有强大锐利的脚爪；（4）尾椎较长，全长16．9cm。