猪肌肉卫星细胞的分离培养及生物学特性鉴定

以猪胎儿为材料,采用胶原酶消化法或组织块法培养胎儿背部最长肌获得了肌肉卫星细胞,该细胞体外可以传到9代以上。培养的细胞多呈纺锤体型和梭型,具有明显的方向性,呈典型的长轴平行排列。流式细胞仪分析结果显示,该细胞呈CD29、CD166、CD45、CD44阳性,CD71、CD34阴性。RT-PCR检测发现其表达Desmin、C-Myc、Nanog、Pcna、Oct4、Klf4,弱表达Myog,不表达Sox2、MyoD。免疫组化染色发现其表达Desmin等肌肉细胞的特异性标记,同时表达Nanog、Pcna等多能性细胞标记。本试验建立了一种简便高效的猪肌肉卫星细胞体外分离和培养方法,得到的细胞具有肌肉卫星细胞的典型生物学特性,同时表达间质干细胞和多能性干细胞的部分标记。     

肝脏细胞和胰腺细胞的发育与再生

肝脏和胰腺前体细胞都是由胚胎前肠内胚层细胞发育而来的。脊椎动物中,在高度保守的诱导信号和遗传调节因子作用下,肝脏和胰腺前体细胞特化,并获得器官功能和再生能力。由于对肝脏疾病和Ⅰ型糖尿病有重要的临床价值,肝脏、胰腺的发育和再生机制成为了研究热点。通过对不同模式生物的研究,揭示了进化上保守的诱导信号和转录因子诱导肝脏、胰腺细胞的分化机制,这为干细胞和前体细胞如何诱导分化为肝实质细胞和胰腺β细胞提供了理论依据。     

山羊PGCs用于分离与克隆类ES细胞

选择健康成年本地白山羊，自然发情，配种后44d取胎儿，以传统的原始生殖细胞（PGCs)分离与克隆的方法和PGCs与其胎儿生殖嵴周围组织细胞共同培养的方法获得类胚胎干细胞（类ES细胞），并对山羊类ES细胞在不同饲养层上进行培养。结果表明，采用传统方法与共培养的方法并添加细胞因子均能分离获得类ES细胞。分离获得的类ES细胞在同源（山羊）胎儿细胞饲养层上生长效果较好，可传4代或5代，而在小鼠原代成纤维细胞饲养层上类ES细胞仅传3代。另外，共培养不添加细胞因子组仅获1个ES细胞集落，传代后丢失。     

猪十二指肠中生长抑素阳性细胞和免疫细胞发育的研究

应用免疫组织化学技术分别研究猪十二指肠生长发育过程中生长抑素(SS)阳性细胞、IgA阳性细胞和酸性非特异性脂酶(ANAE)阳性细胞数量的变化。结果表明,SS阳性细胞的发育模式与IgA阳性细胞和AENE阳性细胞的呈相反趋势。SS阳性细胞数量于3日龄开始增加,20日龄达到第一个高峰,然后于45日龄呈极显著降低(P<0 01),90日龄又呈显著上升趋势(P<0 05),至120日龄时又达到第二个高峰;从出生至3日龄猪十二指肠无IgA阳性细胞的分布,20日龄时IgA阳性细胞开始出现,45日龄IgA阳性细胞数量显著增加(P<0 05)并达最高峰,90日龄时又呈下降趋势;猪十二指肠AENE阳性细胞数量在3日龄及20日龄均极显著增加(P<0 01)。然后于45日龄开始显著减少(P<0 05)。结果表明猪十二指肠中SS阳性细胞的发育对免疫细胞的发育可能具有重要的调节作用。     

影响山羊类胚胎干细胞分离克隆的因素分析

将本地槐山羊胎儿的原始生殖细胞(PGCs)与其生殖嵴周围组织细胞共同分离,经传代培养后获得了具有干细胞特征的山羊类ES细胞。结果表明高糖DMEM培养基和低糖DMEM培养基相比较,低糖DMEM更适宜于山羊类ES细胞的分离与克隆;类ES细胞在山羊胎儿成纤维细胞饲养层上生长效果较好,可传4代或5代,而在小鼠成纤维细胞饲养层上,类ES细胞仅传3代;联合添加白血病抑制因子(LIF)、干细胞因子(SCF)和碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(bFGF)能显著提高山羊类ES细胞分离与克隆的效率;胎龄为30~45d的胎儿原代培养时可获得大量的细胞集落,克隆培养可传至5代,适合作山羊类ES细胞的分离培养。     

饲养层细胞对胚胎干细胞的影响及其分离培养的影响因素

胚胎干细胞及其相关研究是生命科学领域中最有活力、最有影响力、最有应用前景的研究方向之一，它与遗传工程，转基因技术等相结合具有重大的理论意义与实践价值。饲养层细胞在胚胎干细胞分离培养的过程中起着异常重要的作用。作者结合实践经验就饲养层细胞对胚胎干细胞的影响进行了概述，介绍了饲养层细胞的分类，并分析了饲养层细胞分离培养的影响因素。     

胚胎干细胞及种系嵌合体的研究进展

胚胎干细胞是着床前的囊胚内细胞团或早期胎儿的原始生殖细胞经体外分化抑制培养建立的多能性细胞系 ,具有与胚胎细胞相似的形态特征和分化潜能 ,体外培养时保持未分化状态 ,可以传代增殖。改变维持胚胎干细胞不分化的培养条件 ,胚胎干细胞可自发分化成多细胞结构。在一定诱导下 ,胚胎干细胞可向多个方向分化 ,并生成多种功能细胞。胚胎干细胞注入到胚泡期胚胎或与桑椹期胚胎聚合 ,可以参与包括性腺在内的各种组织的嵌合体的形成。胚胎干细胞在细胞分化与调控 ,胚胎发育 ,遗传病 ,肿瘤 ,免疫和组织或器官移植等研究中显示着广泛的应用前景。而种系嵌合体的获得是实现 ES细胞途径的决定步骤 ,低的种系嵌合率则是制约 ES细胞应用的关键。提高供体 PGCs在受体生殖腺中的比例 ,缩短 ES细胞的体外培养时间 ,以及注入早期发育阶段的受体胚胎等都能提高种系嵌合率。文章从多个方面综述了胚胎干细胞的最新研究成果 ,并着重以禽类 ES细胞为例论述了种系嵌合体的检测方法 ,种系嵌合率的影响因素以及提高种系嵌合率的方法     

猪胃生长抑素阳性细胞和盐酸细胞发育的研究

应用免疫组织化学技术和组织学方法分别研究猪胃生长发育过程中生长抑素(SS)阳性细胞和盐酸细胞数量的变化。结果表明,胃底腺盐酸细胞数量刚出生时很少,但从3日龄开始一直处于上升趋势,直到120日龄才开始下降。从出生1～3日龄,盐酸细胞数量呈极显著增加(P<0 01);在20日、45日龄和90日龄时,盐酸细胞数量仍均呈显著或极显著增加(P<0 05,P<0 01)。然后于120日龄,盐酸细胞数量呈极显著减少(P<0 01)。胃底腺中SS阳性细胞发育与盐酸细胞正相反,从刚出生(1日龄)到3日龄,SS阳性细胞极显著增加(P<0 01),然后从3日龄以后SS阳性细胞逐渐减少,一直持续到120日龄。表明猪胃底腺中SS阳性细胞的发育可能对盐酸细胞的发育具有调节作用。     

The B and T Cell Responses to Orf Virus Infection of Ovine Skin

Abstract— Local scarification and infection with orf virus induced an influx into the dermis of a significantly greater number of T cells than scarification alone. These cells accumulated underneath the early lesion caused by the scarification and later within epidermal pustules which formed as a result of infection. Cells of the γδ, T₄ and T₈ subsets were all implicated in this response. Dermal B cell numbers also rose in response to infection but relatively fewer B cells were found within pustules. Dendritic cells reactive for IgM were prominent under the initial lesion caused by scarification and dense aggregations occurred under the degenerating epidermis about 72 h after infection. Résumé— L'infection par scarification locale de virus de l'ecthyma contagieux du mouton a provoqué un influx de lymphocytes T dans le derme significativement plus important que lors de scarification seule. Ces cellules s'accumulaient sous les lésions précoces provoquées par la scarification et plus tard au niveau des pustules resultant de l'infection. Les lymphocytes T3, T4 et γδ, étaient impliqués dans cette reaction. Le nombre de lymphocytes B dermiques augmentait aussi en réponse à l'infection, mais peu d'entre eux étaient retrouvér dans les pustules. Les cellules répondant à l'lgM étaient majoritaires sous les seules lésions provoquées par scarification et des agrégations denses apparaissaient sous l'épiderme dégénéré 72 heures aprés l'infection. Zusammenfassung— Die lokale Skarifikation und Infektion mit dem Orf-Virus führte zum Einwandern von einer signifikant größeren Anzahl von T-Zellen in die Dermis, als die Skarifikation allein. Die Zellen akkumulierten sich unter der frühen Skarifikationsläsion und später innerhalb der epidermalen Pusteln, die sich durch die Infektion ergaben. Zellen der Gamma-delta-, T4-und T8-SubpopuIationen waren an dieser Reaktion beteiligt. Auch die Anzahl dermaler B-Zellen stieg als Antwort auf die Infektion, aber innerhalb der Pusteln wurden, relativ gesehen, weniger B-Zellen gefunden. Die auf IgM reaktiven Denritenzellen hoben sich unter der initialen Läsion durch die Skarifikation hervor, dichte Aggregationen fanden sich unter der degenerierenden Epidermis ungefähr 72 Stunden nach der Infektion. Resumen Infección e introducción por medio de multiples punturas cutáneas del virus Orf, produjo un mayor aflujo de linfocitos T en la dermis que punturas de manera aislada. Éstas células se acumularon debajo de la lesión primaria causada por las punturas y de forma tardía en las pústulas epidérmicas, las cuales se formaron como resultado de la infección. Las células del tipo yó de los subgrupos T4 y T8, se encontraron todas implicadas en esta respuesta. Los números de linficitos B en la dermis se vieron aumentados como reacción a la infección, pero menos en las pústulas, relativamente. Células dentríticas reactivas a la IgM fueron prevalentes en la lesión inicial por las multiples punturas, y 72 horas despues de la infección, se detectaron agregaciones densas que ocurrieron bajo la epidermis en degeneración.     

水牛卵丘细胞和颗粒细胞单层对卵母细胞体外受精及其胚胎发育的影响

[目的]探讨卵丘细胞对水牛卵母细胞体外成熟、体外受精及颗粒细胞单层对水牛体外胚胎发育的影响。[方法]①按卵母细胞有无卵丘细胞情况分为五个组：即自然裸卵组（Ⅰ组）、自然裸卵＋卵丘细胞共成熟组（Ⅱ组）、人为裸卵＋卵丘细胞共成熟组（Ⅲ组）、AB级卵母细胞成熟后去除卵丘细胞受精组（Ⅳ组）、AB级卵母细胞对照组（Ⅴ组）分别进行体...     

家兔子宫内膜细胞和平滑肌细胞的分离培养

本试验旨在体外分离培养兔子宫内膜细胞(腺上皮细胞和基质细胞)和平滑肌细胞,并且探讨纯化子宫内膜上皮细胞和基质细胞的方法。用差速离心法和差速贴壁法获得纯化的子宫内膜上皮细胞和基质细胞,用滤网法分离得到子宫平滑肌细胞,分别在添加20%胎牛血清(FBS)、100μg/mL牛胰岛素、63.5 nmol/L雌二醇(E2)、7.14nmol/L孕酮(P4)的DMEM/F12(1∶1)培养液和37℃5%CO2的饱和湿度条件下培养;用免疫组化和免疫荧光法鉴定细胞并检测分离的细胞纯度。结果表明用该方法成功地分离培养了兔子宫内膜上皮细胞和基质细胞,且2种细胞纯度都达98%左右,基质细胞出现蜕膜化;子宫平滑肌细胞的纯度为97%左右,而且出现横纹状的生长。本研究表明子宫内膜细胞和平滑肌细胞能够在体外成功培养;在含20?S、100μg/mL牛胰岛素、63.5 nmol/L E2、7.14 nmol/L P4的DMEM/F12(1∶1)培养液和37℃5%CO2饱和湿度的培养条件下最有利于体外培养的子宫内膜细胞和平滑肌细胞的生长。     

Isolation,proliferation and characterization of endometrial canine stem cells

In the last decade, progenitor cells isolated from dissociated endometrial tissue have been the subject of many studies in several animal species. Recently, endometrial cells showing characteristics of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) have been demonstrated in human, pig and cow uterine tissue samples. The aim of this study was the isolation and characterization of stromal cells from the endometrium of healthy bitches, a tissue that after elective surgery is routinely discarded. Multipotent stromal cells could be isolated from all bitches enrolled in the study (n = 7). The multipotency of cells was demonstrated by their capacity to differentiate into adipocytic, osteocytic and chondrocytic lineages. Clonogenicity and cell proliferation ability were also tested. Furthermore, gene expression analysis by RT‐PCR was used to compare the expression of a set of genes (CD44, CD29, CD34, CD45, CD90, CD13, CD133, CD73, CD31 CD105, Oct4) with adipose tissue‐derived MSC. Stromal cells isolated from uterine endometrium showed similar morphology, ability of subculture and plasticity, and also expressed a panel of genes comparable with adipose tissue‐derived MSC. These data suggest that endometrial stromal cells fulfil the basic criteria proposed by the “Mesenchymal and Tissue Stem Cell Committee of the International Society for Cellular Therapy” for the identification of mesenchymal stem cells. Although endometrial mesenchymal stem cells (EnMSC) showed a lower replicative ability in comparison with adipose tissue‐derived MSC, they could be considered a cell therapeutic agent alternative to adipose tissue or bone marrow‐derived MSC in dog.     

牦牛输卵管上皮细胞和卵泡颗粒细胞的培养

分离培养牦牛输卵管上皮细胞和卵泡颗粒细胞的目的是克服体外受精中早期胚胎发育阻断,建立有利于牦牛早期胚胎体外发育的共培养体系.采集牦牛输卵管上皮细胞进行原代及传代培养,同时从卵泡液中获取颗粒细胞进行原代培养,培养过程中观察2种细胞的生长方式和形态特点.输卵管上皮细胞贴壁生长时,呈多边形,且呈单层成簇生长.培养144 h～216 h,可形成细胞单层.颗粒细胞贴壁生长时,呈现聚集生长特性,贴壁细胞形状不规则,呈放射状.培养72 h～96 h,形成颗粒细胞单层.     

Development,phenotype, and function of non-conventional B cells

Three populations of B cells develop in fetal life: B1, B2 and marginal zone B cells. B1 cells play important roles in innate immunity in contrast to B2 cells that perform the conventional roles in adaptive immunity. B1 cells were first identified in mice based on their expression of CD5 and spontaneous secretion of IgM. B1 cells were subsequently found to have unique developmental, phenotype, tissue distribution, and functional characteristics that differ from B2 cells. These phenotypic and functional differences allow B1 cells to play important roles in immunity and homeostasis, but be implicated in autoimmune disease. The presence of B1 cells has been examined in other species including humans, primates, rabbits, guinea pigs, cattle, pigs, and horses. Here we review the known developmental and functional differences between B1 and B2 cells, and discuss the evidence of the presence of homologous population of cells in different species.     

口服ND弱毒苗对鸡十二指肠中2种神经多肽阳性细胞的影响

应用新城疫弱毒苗经消化道黏膜2次免疫鸡后,采用免疫组化的方法检测鸡十二指肠中生长抑素(Somatostatin,SS)阳性细胞和P物质(Substance P,SP)阳性细胞的分布及其数量变化。结果表明,动物首免后第3周,新城疫免疫组SS阳性细胞数量极显著增加(P<0.01),而SP阳性细胞数量显著减少(P<0.05);首免后第5周和第7周,新城疫免疫组和对照组中的2种阳性细胞数差异不显著。     

Quantitative correlation of parasitological and serological techniques for the diagnosis of Trypanosoma congolense infection in cattle

Summary

A comparison was made between serological and parasitological techniques for the diagnosis of bovine trypanosomiasis in Zambia. Overall sero‐prevalence rates as determined by IFAT and ELISA were respectively 2.7‐fold and 2.9‐fold greater then the percentage of samples found positive with the dark ground/phase contrast buffy coat technique (DG). The results obtained by the two serological techniques were found to be closely correlated (94.2% agreement) and titres obtained by ELISA tended to be slightly higher than those obtained by IFAT. Linear regression analysis of the results obtained by the IFAT and DG techniques revealed a highly significant correlation. This finding would permit the use of only one of the techniques in an epidemiological survey and to extrapolate the results from the regression line.     

Isolation and characterization of equine nasal mucosal CD172a+ cells

The nasal mucosa surface is continuously confronted with a broad variety of environmental antigens, ranging from harmless agents to potentially harmful pathogens. This area is under rigorous control of professional antigen presenting cells (APCs), such as dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages. Mucosal APCs play a crucial role in inducing primary immune responses and the establishment of an immunological memory. In the present study, a detailed characterization of CD172a⁺ cells, containing the APCs residing in the equine nasal mucosa was performed for the first time. CD172a⁺ cells were isolated from collagenase-treated equine nasal mucosa fragments by MACS. Expression of surface markers was determined by flow cytometry and functional analysis was done by measuring the uptake of FITC conjugated ovalbumin (FITC-OVA). Cell surface phenotype of the isolated cells was as follows: 90% CD172a⁺, 30% CD1c⁺, 46% CD83⁺, 42% CD206⁺ and 28% MHC II⁺. This clearly differs from the phenotype of blood-derived monocytes: 96% CD172a⁺, 4% CD1c⁺, 11% CD83⁺, 9% CD206⁺, 72% MHC II⁺ and blood monocyte derived DCs: 99% CD172a⁺, 13% CD1c⁺, 30% CD83⁺, 51% CD206⁺ and 93% MHC II⁺. The CD172a⁺ nasal mucosal cells were functionally able to endocytose FITC-OVA but to a lesser degree than monocyte-derived DCs. Together, these results demonstrate that the isolated CD172a⁺ nasal mucosal cells resemble immature DCs in the nasal area.     

小肠上皮细胞分离纯化方法的研究进展

小肠是消化吸收的重要部位,用获取的小肠上皮细胞来研究小肠功能、营养物质吸收机制等具有重要意义,而成功分离小肠上皮细胞则是前提,可以用组织块培养法、非酶学消化法、酶消化分离法等来分离小肠上皮细胞。本文就目前国内外分离小肠上皮细胞的方法进行了综述。