The content of minerals and Fe, Cu and Zn in blood plasma, in erythrocytes and in 10 different tissues of bulls, short scrotum bulls and oxen

The concentrations of minerals (Ca, Mg, Na, K, total-P) and of trace elements (Fe, Cu, Zn) in the plasma and erythrocytes of bulls, of experimentally induced cryptorchids (Muchsen) and of oxen of the breed Holstein-Friesian and of bulls and cryptorchids of a hybrid breed with a high portion of meat-cattle were investigated. Further the concentrations in various tissues (M. semimembranosus, M. longissimus dorsi, left and right ventricle, liver, kidney, adrenal glands, lung, spleen, testis) in bulls, cryptorchids and oxen of the breed Holstein-Friesian were analyzed. The differences of some concentrations of various elements in some tissues are discussed relative to their genesis and significance.     

Concentrations of macro- and micro-elements in the milk of pasture-fed thoroughbred mares

OBJECTIVE: To determine the changes in Ca, P, Mg, Na, K, S, Cu, Fe and Zn concentrations of milk during the lactation in pasture-fed Thoroughbred mares and then calculate the dietary mineral requirements of the sucking foal and the lactating mare. PROCEDURE: Milk was sampled on days 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, 28 and at various times between 55 to 65, 85 to 95 and 135 to 150 days after parturition from 21 pasture-fed mares. The concentrations of macro- and micro-elements in the milk were determined by inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry. RESULTS: Concentrations (mg/L) of these elements were highest in colostrum (Mg 302, Na 561, K 955, S 1035, Cu 0.76, Fe 0.79 and Zn 5.5) except for Ca (1245) and P (895), which where highest on day 7. The mean milk mineral element concentrations (mg/L) over days 55 to 150 were Ca 843, P 543, Mg 47, Na 120, K 590, S 219, Cu 0.19, Fe 0.34 and Zn 2.1. The mean plasma element concentrations (mg/L) over the same period were Ca 120, P 77.1, Mg 17.0, Na 3110, K 168, S 983, Cu 1.1, Fe 1.5 and Zn 0.49. Concentration gradients between plasma and milk were observed and, in the case of Ca, P, Mg, K and Zn, their concentrations in milk were greater than those in plasma, while a reverse situation was observed for Na, S, Cu and Fe. CONCLUSION: With the exception of Ca and P, the highest concentrations of mineral elements were observed in the colostrum. The nursing foal should have access to good pasture or creep feed, because the intakes of Ca, P and Cu from milk may be less than optimum to meet the daily mineral element requirements.     

FAAS法测定羊奶中矿物质元素的含量

采用火焰原子吸收法（FAAS）分别测定羊奶中钾、钙、钠、镁、铁、锌、铜等元素的含量。结果表明,羊奶中钾、钠、镁、钙、铁、锌、铜的含量依次降低,且RSD均小于1．479,6。说明该方法测定羊奶中多种矿物元素的含量简便、灵敏、准确度高。     

新疆不同居群罗布白麻叶片的营养元素含量特征

对新疆阿勒泰市土山罗布麻保护区的5个不同居群的罗布白麻(Poacynum hendersonii)叶片中的N、P、K、Na、Ca、Mg、Cu、Fe、Zn和Mn 10种营养元素含量进行了测定和比较。结果表明,青杆中花麻为N Ca类型、特细叶中花麻和红杆中花麻为N K类型,N含量在特细叶中花麻中显著高于其他4个居群（P＜0.05）;中细叶中花麻为K Ca类型、白花中花麻为K N类型,其K含量显著高于其他3个居群。5个居群罗布麻叶片中4种微量元素的含量,除红杆中花麻居群中Mn含量最高外,其余4个居群均为Fe>Mn>Zn>Cu;各居群Fe和Zn含量无显著差异;各居群间Mn含量差异显著;青杆中花麻、红杆中花麻和特细叶中花麻Cu含量显著高于中细叶中花麻,白花中花麻与各居群间均无显著差异。相关分析表明,罗布白麻居群中Mg与Mn,K与P,Ca与Mg,Fe与Zn含量呈显著正相关性;而Na与Ca,K与Cu和Mn,P与Cu和N含量呈显著负相关（P＜0.05）。     

Content and distribution of macro- and micro-elements in the body of pasture-fed young horses

OBJECTIVE: To determine the content and distribution of Na, K, Ca, P, Mg, S, Cu, Mn, Fe and Zn in the body of pasture-fed young horses and then use a factorial model to calculate the dietary mineral requirements for growth. PROCEDURE: Twenty-one foals were killed at about 150 days of age and the organs, soft tissues, skin and bones and a sample of muscle were dissected out and weighted. The mineral concentrations of elements in all soft tissues and bones were measured by inductively coupled emission spectrometry. The total mineral element composition associated with a tissue was determined from the weight of tissue and its mineral element concentration. RESULTS: Expressed as a percent of total body mineral elements, muscle contained 20% Na, 78% K, 32% Mg, 62% Cu, 36% Mn and 57% Zn, bone contained 47% Na, 99% Ca, 81% P, 62% Mg, 30% Mn and 28% Zn while the organs accounted for a smaller percentage ranging from 0.06% for Ca to 26% for Fe. In liver Cu accounted for 9.2% of total body Cu. Each kilogram of empty body weight was associated with 1.0 g Na, 2.5 g K, 17.1 g Ca, 10.1 g P, 0.4 g Mg, 1.1 mg Cu, 0.39 mg Mn, 52.5 mg Fe and 21.4 mg Zn. CONCLUSION: The mineral element content of body weight gain is a component used in the factorial model to determine dietary mineral element requirements for growth. The calculated dietary mineral requirements, expressed per kg dry matter, for a 200 kg horse gaining 1.0 kg/day were 1.0 g Na, 2.1 g K, 4.6 g Ca, 3.5 g P, 0.7 g Mg, 4.5 mg Cu and 25 mg Zn.     

绵羊宿营法防除天然草地灌木杂草研究Ⅳ新鲜羊粪尿对土壤和植物矿物质元素含量的影响

新鲜绵羊粪尿对土壤和植物矿物质元素含量影响的试验于 1998年在贵州高原草地试验站进行。结果表明 ,绵羊新鲜粪尿加入土壤后 ,土壤 K呈波浪型升高。 K又显著影响土壤 Ca、Fe和Mn的浓度及土壤 p H值。土壤 Na水平呈下降趋势。土壤中 Ca含量与土壤可交换性亚硝态氮和硝态氮显著相关。土壤 Mg的变化不如其他元素变化明显。土壤 Cu受 Ca、Fe和亚硝态氮及硝态氮的影响显著。土壤 Zn比试验前有所下降 ,其含量与土壤铵态氮和亚硝态氮呈显著负相关 ,而与土壤Na、Mg和 Cu呈显著正相关。土壤 Fe在整个试验过程中呈上升趋势 ,UDT处理几乎呈直线上升。土壤 Mn的变化和土壤 K有显著正相关 ,还与铵态氮相关极显著 (R=0 .80 51,P<0 .0 1)。绵羊新鲜粪尿使植物体内 Fe、Zn水平降低 ,但促进植物 Mn的含量升高 ,而对植物 Cu水平影响最小。结果还表明 ,植物体内 K含量受土壤 Cu和 Na的抑制 ,同时还与植物吸收 Mg、Na和 Fe发生拮抗作用 ,促进了植物 Ca的吸收。植物吸收 Na与土壤 Na的浓度显著相关 ,但受到植物吸收 K、Ca和 Mn的抑制。植物 Ca水平与降雨及植物体内 Fe水平呈显著负相关 ,而与土壤可交换性铵态氮和植物体内 K、Mg含量呈显著正相关。植物体内 Mg含量受土壤可交换性铵态氮和硝态氮的显著影响 ,但受土壤 Ca的抑制     

Étude Biochimique des Sécrétions Génitales de Femelles Bovines Infécondes qui Présentent des Cycles Oestrals Normaux

Exocervical samplings of 57 cows' genital secretions (30 normal reproducing and 27 repeat breeder cows) were studied during estrus. An attempt has been made to detect the following electrolytes: A1, Ca, Co, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na and Zn in these secretions. Ca, K, Mg and Na were found. No significant difference is noted in the Ca, K and Mg concentration (P>0.05) between the two groups, whereas a highly significant difference (P<0.001) in exocervical Na concentration has been measured between these groups.     

Mineral Status and Interrelationship in Soil,Forage, and Blood Serum of Horses in the Rainy and Dry Seasons

The objective was to evaluate the content of P, Ca, Mg, K, Na, Cu, Fe, Zn, Se, and Mn in soil, forage, and serum of horses in several production units (PU) during rainy and dry seasons and predict their concentration in serum from their content in soil and forage. Soil and pastures were sampled in the dry (November–December) and in rainy seasons (June–July), and blood samples were collected from the jugular vein of 76 horses in both seasons at four PU. The experimental design was a completely random design within a 4 × 2 (PU × season) factorial arrangement of treatments. Concentration of minerals in soil differed (P < .05) among PU, and contents of P, Ca, Mg, and K were low; Zn and Fe were high; and Cu and Mn were adequate. Mineral concentrations in forage differed among PU and season, and among PU within season (interaction P < .05). Contents of Ca, Mg, Na, Zn, and Cu were low; Fe was high; and P, K, Se, and Mn adequate. The mineral concentration in equine blood serum differed (P < .05) among PU and season. Overall, there were deficiencies of P, Ca, Mg, Na, Cu, and Se, but adequate amounts of K, Zn, and Fe. There are imbalances of minerals in soil and forages which effected their concentration inequine blood.     

Content of minerals (Na,K,Ca,Mg) and of trace elements (Fe,Cu and Zn) in 13 different tissues of fallow deer (Dama dama L.) of various ages

At male deer in the age of 15 and 27 months, at experimentally induced cryptorchids and at castrated animals analyses of the content of Na, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu and Zn in 13 different tissues were performed. In the liver of newborn animals solely the content of Fe, Cu and Zn was determined. The significance of the content of the mentioned elements in the various tissues is described. In the liver of the newborn animals stores of Fe, Cu an Zn were identified. The values can be used as a basis for analyses at deer with a growth inhibition caused by a lack of sodium chloride Fe, Cu and Zn.     

Relationships between liver element concentrations and age in perinatal lambs dying of natural causes in Michigan, USA

A study was designed to characterize potential relationships between liver concentration of nine specific elements and age in preweaned Michigan lambs. All lambs that died before weaning in 1986 from 33 Michigan sheep producers were submitted to the Michigan State University Animal Health Diagnostic Laboratory for necropsy. Inductively coupled argon plasma emission spectroscopy was used to measure liver concentrations of Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Na, Na, P, and Zn in 888 lambs. Linear and non-linear regression techniques were employed to evaluate the relationship between liver element concentration and age. The potentially confounding variables farm of origin and cause of death were significant (P<0.01) in all models. No linear relationship was found between any liver element concentration and lamb age. Significant (P<0.05) non-linear relationships were found between liver concentrations of Cu, Fe, K, Na, Mg, and Zn and lamb age. Because of the large sample size of lambs selected from non-experimental populations, these results should provide diagnosticians with a useful guide for the interpretation of similar data when investigating perinatal lamb mortality.     

Multielement assays of canine serum, liver, and kidney by inductively coupled argon plasma emission spectroscopy

Inductively coupled argon plasma emission spectroscopy was used to measure Al, As, Ca, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Pb, Mg, Mn, Hg, Mo, P, K, Se, Na, Tl, and Zn in canine specimens (70 serum, 270 liver, and 200 kidney). Mean concentrations of each of these elements in detectable amounts in these samples were established, and histograms of the concentration distributions of elements in the samples were developed.     

三江源区不同高寒草地植物矿物元素含量特征及分析

本试验对三江源区不同高寒草地植物中6种矿物元素（钾K,钙Ca,钠Na,镁Mg,锌Zn,铁Fe）的含量进行了测定和分析,结果表明：植物中K元素含量为7.314～12.803 g·kg^-1之间,Ca元素含量为2.851～6.823 g·kg^-1之间,Na元素含量为64.404～185.553 mg·kg^-1之间,Mg元素含量为1.272～2.655 g·kg^-1之间,Zn元素含量为14.718～51.387 mg·kg^-1之间,Fe元素含量为161.056～531.677 mg·kg^-1之间;豆科（Leguminosae）植物和杂类草（Forbs）矿物元素含量显著高于禾本科（Gramineae）和莎草科（Cyperaceae）植物;植物中K元素与Mg元素、Ca元素与Na元素、Ca元素与Zn元素、Na元素与Zn元素含量之间呈极显著正相关关系（P<0.01）,Ca元素与Fe元素、Mg元素与Fe元素之间呈显著正相关关系（P<0.05）;根据美国国家研究理事会（National research council,NRC）绵羊日粮矿物元素需求标准,三江源区各草地植物中Na,Zn元素相对缺乏,其它4种元素均能满足放牧藏羊的矿物营养需求。     

A STUDY OF THE ACCESSORY SEX GLANDS OF BULLS EN ABATTOIRS IN NORTHERN AUSTRALIA

The accessory sex glands of 521 slaughtered bulls were examined for lesions; normal anatomical observations were also made.
The average weights and measurements (length and width) of the seminal vesicles and bulbourethral glands of 110 bulls were 34.1 g and 9.1 × 2.5 cm, and 4.6 g and 2.9 × 1.9 cm, respectively. Weights of both glands were correlated to age, but bulbourethral gland weight was more closely correlated to bodyweight than age. The average length and diameter of the ampulla was 11.1 and 1.0 cm, respectively.
Seminal vesiculitis and ampullitis were found in 9.0% and 3.8% of bulls respectively. The incidence of both conditions was highest in old bulls. Mesonephric duct anomalies (observed in 1.7% of bulls) and other congenital and inflammatory lesions of the accessory sex glands were also recorded.
Macroscopically normal accessory sex glands of 86 bulls were studied histologically and a high percentage of all glands showed inflammatory changes.
Attempts to isolate viral agents, Mycoplasma, and Chlamydia from accessory sex glands were unsuccessful. Corynebacterium pyogenes was isolated from two cases of seminal vesiculitis. IBR-IPV virus, Campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis and Tritrichomonas foetus were frequently isolated from the prepuce of bulls, many of which also had positive serological titres to Leptospira pomona and Leptospira hardjo.
No one factor capable of causing bull infertility was consistently identified, and the incidence figures for observed conditions of the accessory sex glands were generally comparable to those found in bull populations elsewhere.     

368味兽用中药材的性味,归经,毒性与11种元素含量关系的研究

本文分析了３６８味兽用中药材１１种元素含量与其法定药性、药味、归经、毒性的关系。结果表明：各类药１１种元素总平含量是寒凉药〉平性药〉温热药、咸味药〉辛味药〉甘味药〉甘味药〉酸味药、肾经药〉肝经药〉大肠经药〉胆经药〉脾经药〉胃经药〉心经药〉肺经药〉小肠经药〉膀胱经药。统计发现，高Ｆｅ、高Ｍｎ、低Ｋ分别是寒凉药、温热药和平性药的元素谱征；咸味药含Ｆｅ、Ｚｎ、Ｎａ高而Ｌｉ低，辛味药含Ｚｎ、Ｃａ低，甘味药     

西藏那曲地区高寒草地牧草矿物元素动态变化及盈缺分析

测定了那曲地区尼玛县高寒草地不同月份围栏内和围栏外牧草矿物元素（Ca、P、Na、K、Mg、Cu和Zn）含量，并根据元素的吸收率及藏山羊矿物元素需要量，对放牧藏山羊采食牧草中矿物元素的盈缺进行了分析。结果表明：同月份围栏内与围栏外的矿物元素含量差异不显著（P〉0．05），但不同季节的变异很大。夏秋季牧草Ca、P、Na、K、Mg、Cu、Zn的含量（Ca1．25％DM，P0．1419％DM，Na0．06％DM，K1．51％DM，Mg0．28％DM，Cu8．70mg／kg，Zn27．35mg／kg）高于冬春季（Ca0．72％DM，P0．0005％DM，Na0．02％DM，K0．43％DM，Mg0．10％DM，Cu3．02mg／kg，Zn8．49mg／kg）。除Mg和青草期的K能满足藏山羊的需要外，其余元素不能满足藏山羊生长、繁殖和泌乳对矿物元素的需要量。     

紫穗槐植株的养分含量及分布特征

为了探明紫穗槐植株的营养结构特征,测定了生长季(6,7,8,9月)紫穗槐叶和不同径级根、茎的10种养分(有机碳、N、P、K、Ca、Mg、Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn)含量。结果表明,1)根和茎的N、P、K含量与径级呈典型逆相关关系,即随着径级的增大养分含量减少,含量最高的部位集中于叶及小径级的根、茎。2) 各级根、茎的Ca、Mg、Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn含量没有固定的分布特征。3)微量元素间的相关性比其与大量元素的相关性差,茎中所含相关元素对最多,其次是叶,根最少;从元素方面看,N、P、K与较多的元素间存在相关性,与C、Zn、Ca相关的元素较少。4)生长季紫穗槐叶的C、N、Ca、Mn、Cu含量高于根和茎,叶中大量元素的含量顺序为C＞N＞K＞Ca＞Mg＞P,微量元素为Fe＞Mn＞Zn＞Cu。     

The blood composition of different breeds of bulls undergoing beef performance tests

Blood samples taken on three occasions from each of 66 bulls undergoing beef performance tests were analysed for packed cell volume, blood glucose, haemoglobin, serum albumin, urea nitrogen, total protein, inorganic phosphate, Ca, Ca, Mg, K, Na, Cu, Fe and total iron binding capacity. The bulls were individually fed and situated at two centres, one accommodating Lincoln-Red, Devon and Sussex breeds and the other, Hereford. Significant differences between the Lincoln-Red, Devon and Sussex breeds were observed in concentrations of glucose, urea nitrogen, total iron binding capacity (P less than 0.001), Ca (P less than 0.01), Na and Cu (P less than 0.05). There were no significant correlations between the growth rates of individual bulls and their blood composition.     

几种优良人工牧草矿质元素含量的比较研究

就地上部而言,在3种豆科牧草中,白三叶以N、P、K、Fe、Co、Na含量较高,红三叶以Mg、Zn含量较高。在3种禾本科牧草中,鸭茅以P、K、Mg、Mn、Cu、Zn、Mo含量较高,草地早熟禾以Fe较高。3种豆科牧草N、Ca、Mg、V、Sr的平均含量显著高于禾本科牧草。地上部与地下部比较,豆科牧草的P、K、Ca、Mn、Zn、Na含量前者显著高于后者;禾本科牧草的N、P、K、B含量,前者明显高于后者。     

几种蜂产品中类黄酮及部分常量和微量元素含量分析

采用AlCl3 比色法分析几种蜂产品中类黄酮总量 ,发现油菜蜂花粉含2.429mg/g,荞麦蜂花粉为0.729mg/g ,工蜂为1.260mg/g ,蜂蛹和蜂王浆中未检测出类黄酮。采用塞曼原子吸收光谱法测定了蜂王浆和蜂蛹中Ca、Na、K、Mg、Fe、Mn、Zn、Cu、Co9种常量和微量元素含量 ,发现蜂蛹中除Co和Fe之外 ,其余7种元素的含量均高于蜂王浆。     

陕西省3种北极狐饲料中矿物质元素的含量分析

随机抽取陕西境内 3家养狐场哺乳期北极狐饲料 ,对其中的Ca、P、K、Mg、Fe、Cu、Zn、Mn、Co、Se 1 0种矿物质元素的含量进行了检测。结果表明 ,在 3种饲料样品中Ca、Mg、Mn、Co、Se的含量都明显偏高 ,Cu、Zn基本符合要求。另外 ,P在A样中含量较高 ,C样中基本符合要求 ,而B样中略低 ;但部分元素如Ca与P、Cu与Zn、Zn与Ca、P与Cu等之间的比例严重失调。