日粮纤维对猪生产性能影响的研究

自1906年Scheunert首次报道猪能消化纤维素以来,人们对粗纤维在猪日粮中的作用进行了大量研究。日粮纤维在保障猪身体健康和提高其生产性能方面起着关键作用。本文主要就日粮纤维在仔猪、生长育肥猪、母猪生产中的影响作一综述,为今后日粮纤维的研究提供一定的参考。     

日粮纤维在猪生产中的应用

近年来,人们对日粮纤维在猪生产中的作用效果进行了大量研究。结果表明,日粮纤维在保障猪身体健康和提高其生产性能方面起着关键作用。本文主要就日粮纤维在仔猪、生长育肥猪、母猪生产中的影响作一简要综述。     

日粮纤维在母猪生产中的应用研究进展

日粮纤维作为生猪养殖中重要的饲料成分，被誉为第六大营养素。在饲料中添加适量的日粮纤维可以改善母猪的生产和泌乳性能。本文综述了日粮纤维对母猪行为、消化系统、妊娠和泌乳的影响，旨在为日粮纤维在母猪生产中的合理应用提供参考。     

日粮纤维在猪生产中的应用

近年来,人们对日粮纤维在猪生产中的作用效果进行了大量研究。结果表明,日粮纤维在保障猪身体健康和提高其生产性能方面起着关键作用。文章主要就日粮纤维对仔猪、生长育肥猪、母猪生产的影响作一简要综述。     

日粮纤维在妊娠母猪饲粮上的应用

日粮纤维对猪肠道健康与营养利用等具有重要作用,对妊娠母猪尤为重要。在妊娠母猪日粮中添加适量的纤维,能够被妊娠母猪后肠部分或全部发酵降解产生一系列生理生化反应,进而改善妊娠母猪繁殖性能、维持肠道菌群稳态、调节内分泌、减少便秘等。文章就日粮纤维的定义及其在妊娠母猪养殖生产上的应用展开综述,以期为日粮纤维在妊娠母猪饲粮中的合理添加及利用提供理论依据。     

膳食纤维在繁殖母猪生产中的应用

膳食纤维在动物营养和肠道健康等方面具有重要的生理功能,特别是对妊娠母猪具有重要的生理学意义。日粮中添加适宜比例的膳食纤维可改善母猪肠道菌群结构,维持机体血糖稳态,提高泌乳力和繁殖性能等。文章主要阐述膳食纤维的涵义、理化特性及生理功能,并重点强调其在母猪生产中的合理应用,以期为膳食纤维在实际生产中的应用提供参考。     

精氨酸在妊娠母猪日粮中的应用及其对仔猪生长性能的影响

精氨酸为条件性必需氨基酸,在应激状态下和特殊生长阶段,它是必需氨基酸,体内合成的精氨酸不能满足生理代谢需要,但长期或者过量补充精氨酸对机体会造成损害。近年来,精氨酸在妊娠母猪日粮中的应用有诸多报道成为养猪生产的一个热点。本文评述了动物机体精氨酸的来源与代谢以及日粮精氨酸对妊娠母猪繁殖性能和仔猪生长性能的影响,以期对养猪生产有所指导。     

日粮纤维提高母猪繁殖性能机理的研究进展

适当提高日粮纤维含量可以提高母猪繁殖性能,是母猪生产中经常采用的技术措施。文章从日粮纤维对妊娠期相关激素、营养代谢、肠道结构、肠道微生物等作用机理来阐述日粮纤维对母猪繁殖性能的影响。     

膳食纤维在母猪生产中的应用研究进展

膳食纤维在动物营养和肠道健康等方面具有重要的生理功能,特别是对妊娠母猪具有重要的生理学意义。日粮中添加适宜比例的膳食纤维可改善母猪肠道菌群结构,维持机体血糖稳态,提高泌乳力和繁殖性能等。本文主要阐述膳食纤维的涵义、理化特性及生理功能,并重点强调其在母猪生产中的合理应用。     

日粮纤维在猪日粮中的应用研究进展

日粮纤维，一方面会降低养殖成本及养分利用率和猪只生长性能；另一方面，可以通过肠道微生物发酵与抑制病原菌定植提高猪只肠道健康水平。高日粮纤维猪只日粮的负面影响受纤维来源、类型和添加水平影响，而合理使用日粮纤维能改善仔猪肠道健康并提高母猪繁殖性能；添加纤维降解酶可以缓解日粮纤维的抗营养作用，以保证其对仔猪肠道健康的改善作用。文章就日粮纤维类型、使用方法及对猪只营养、肠道健康的影响进行了综述，以期为日粮纤维的有效利用提高养殖生产效益提供参考和依据。     

猪的膳食纤维营养与应用概述

膳食纤维对不同生长阶段猪营养作用表现不同。日粮中添加膳食纤维有助于仔猪肠道发育并维持肠道健康和微生态平衡,减少仔猪断奶应激,缓解仔猪断奶腹泻。肥育猪日粮中添加膳食纤维,可增强后肠发酵,减少粪氮的排放量,降低环境污染,也可节约常规原料。妊娠母猪日粮中添加膳食纤维可减少限饲应激和便秘的发生,并且能改善母猪的繁殖性能,促进哺乳仔猪生长。本文主要综述了膳食纤维的定义、理化性质、分析体系及其在猪营养上的应用,以期为实际生产提供一定的指导意义。     

妊娠－泌乳母猪钙代谢及调控机理研究进展

母猪的生产性能受很多因素的影响，其中日粮矿物质水平是其主要影响因素之一。钙在调控母猪的生产性能方面发挥着重要的作用。机体钙吸收的方式有3种，即主动转运、被动转运和囊泡运输，激素或者其他影响钙吸收的因素大多是通过调控钙吸收方式进而影响日粮钙的利用率。母猪对日粮钙的利用率直接影响其生产性能的发挥，一方面，适当的日粮钙水平可以促进母猪发挥最大的生产潜能，提高养殖效益；另一方面，当日粮钙水平不足或者钙利用率低时，首先，母猪的生产性能潜力不能充分发挥，如产仔数或活仔数低，仔猪的生长速度慢。其次，母猪由于钙利用不足而导致骨骼疾病的发生，尤其是妊娠后期和哺乳期的母猪，最终使其淘汰率居高不下，这一系列的因素最终导致养殖业的生产效益大幅度降低。近年来，国内外学者针对影响母猪对日粮钙利用率的因素进行了大量的研究，并取得了很大的进展，例如，钙的饲喂时间、日粮钙磷比、维生素、激素和消化道pH均影响母猪对日粮钙的吸收利用。因此，研究母猪钙吸收特征及其影响因素对提高母猪生产性能具有重要的实践意义。作者简述了机体钙吸收的作用机制，同时介绍了影响母猪钙吸收的主要因素，旨在为母猪日粮钙的饲喂提供理论依据。     

Research Advance in Effects of Starch and Fat on Glucolipid Metabolism and Reproductive Performance of Sows

With the fetal growth and mammary gland development during late gestation,the metabolic of sows is gradually increased.Owing to imbalance of glucose and lipid metabolism,the metabolic disorder appears.The physiological changes and environmental stress experienced by sows in the reproductive cycle are of great significance to glycolipid metabolism.Energy accounts for more than 70% of the dietary composition.It is direct and effective to develop appropriate dietary energy sources during gestation and lactation for improving the reproductive performance of sows by regulating the balance of glycolipid metabolism.Starch and fat are the main energy sources of sows’ dietary.Previous studies have shown that dietary energy sources have a significant effect on puberty initiation of gilts or improvement of reproductive performance of sows.However,it is rarely reported that summary on the effects of different sources and levels of starch and fat on the reproductive performance of sows based on the glycolipid metabolism characteristics of sows.This paper firstly reviewed the characteristics of glycolipid metabolism during pregnancy and the possible mechanism behind metabolic changes,summarized the adverse effects of metabolic disorders during pregnancy on reproductive performance of sows,and then introduced the absorption and metabolism characteristics of starch and fat in dam,compared and analyzed the effects of different levels and sources of starch and fat on the reproductive performance of sows.Finally,to maximize the economic benefits of the pig farm,the basis for selecting the appropriate energy source was summarized according to the actual production purpose.The purpose of this paper was to offer data and theoretical support for the selection of appropriate levels and sources of starch and fat to improve the reproductive efficiency of sows.     

淀粉与油脂对妊娠母猪糖脂代谢及其繁殖性能影响的研究进展

妊娠后期随着胎儿生长速度和乳腺发育加快，母猪机体代谢强度逐渐增加，机体糖脂代谢失衡，出现代谢紊乱。能量占整个日粮成分的70%以上，选择适当的日粮能量来源以调节糖脂代谢的平衡是提高母猪繁殖效率的有效方法。淀粉与油脂作为母猪日粮主要能量来源，均可显著影响后备母猪的初情期启动或经产母猪的繁殖性能，但以母猪本身的糖脂代谢特征为出发点，评述不同来源与水平的淀粉或油脂对母猪繁殖性能的影响鲜有总结报道。文章首先综述了母猪妊娠期糖脂代谢特点和代谢机制，简述了妊娠期代谢紊乱对母猪繁殖性能的不良影响，介绍了淀粉与油脂在母体的吸收及代谢特点，对比分析了不同水平与来源的淀粉和油脂对母猪产仔性能和泌乳性能的影响。最后，为最大化提高猪场经济效益，根据实际生产目的，总结了选择合适能量来源的依据。该综述旨在选择日粮适宜水平和来源的淀粉和油脂以期为提高母猪繁殖效率提供数据支持和理论指导。     

提高母猪繁殖利用率的综合技术措施

本文从建立和保持合理结构的母猪群体，及时淘汰生产性能低的母猪，加强母猪各饲养阶段的管理，严格控制繁殖阻碍性疫病等方面，总结了提高母猪繁殖利用率的相关技术措施，并提出了有效增加母猪窝产仔数的技术措施，对提高母猪生产具有一定指导意义。     

Dietary fiber and microbiota interaction regulates sow metabolism and reproductive performance

Dietary fiber is a critical nutrient in sow diet and has attracted interest of animal nutritionists for many years. In addition to increase sows’ satiety, dietary fiber has been found to involve in the regulation of multiple biological functions in the sow production. The interaction of dietary fiber and gut microbes can produce bioactive metabolites, which are of great significance to sows'' metabolism and reproductive performance. This article reviewed the interaction between dietary fiber and gut microbes in regulating sows'' gut microbial diversity, intestinal immune system, lactation, and production performance, with the aim to provide a new strategy for the use of dietary fiber in sow diets.     

牛磺酸在母猪生产中的应用及其作用机理

牛磺酸作为一种重要的条件性必需氨基酸,对母猪和仔猪营养起着至关重要的作用,但通过内源合成和传统饲粮供给并不能满足母猪适宜营养需要.近期研究发现,母猪妊娠和泌乳饲粮中添加适量牛磺酸对母猪乳腺发育、抗氧化能力以及仔猪生长性能、免疫功能有积极的调控作用.本文综述了近年来牛磺酸在母猪生产中的应用效果及作用机制,以期引起畜牧生产...     

某猪场母猪繁殖性能预测和logistic回归分析

为了衡量猪场生产效率，研究根据某公司7个分场繁殖母猪2016—2019年的生产记录，运用时间序列分析预测母猪繁殖性能的未来短期趋势，发现母猪未来一段时间的生产性能不会出现较大变动，与实际值较吻合，说明时间序列对母猪繁殖性能方面的预测，有较强的实用价值；再通过建立logistic回归模型，进行模型分析以寻找影响母猪繁殖性能的关键因素，进一步确定胎次是影响母猪繁殖性能重要因素。并且该模型还可用于其他生产指标的因素分析，可以为提高母猪群繁殖性能提供科学依据。     

Effects of feeding sows fat or fructose during late gestation and lactation

The effects of dietary fat or fructose supplementation during late gestation and lactation on sow milk production and composition and on progeny were examined. On d 88 of gestation, 24 sows were allotted by parity to three dietary treatments (eight sows/treatment). Treatments were 1) a 12.5% crude protein, corn-soybean meal control, 2) the control + 10% added fat or 3) the control + 23% high fructose corn syrup. All treatments were fed to supply 1.82 kg/d of the control diet from d 89 of gestation to parturition with sows in treatments 2 or 3 receiving .18 kg of additional fat or .53 kg of additional high fructose corn syrup, respectively. Feed was gradually increased from d 1 to 7 of lactation to 4.54 kg/d of the control diet (plus .45 kg of added fat and 1.33 kg of added fructose for treatments 2 and 3) and remained at these levels for the remainder of the 21 d lactation period. All treatments were iso-nitrogenous; treatments 2 and 3 were iso-caloric. Litter birth weights, number of pigs born alive, weaning weights and piglet survival rate were not affected by sow treatment. Stillbirths were less (P less than .05) for sows fed fat. Lipid content of milk 24 h post-farrowing was greater (P less than .05) from sows fed fat compared with sows fed fructose. Milk production estimates indicated that multiparous sows fed fat produced more (P less .05) milk than sows fed the control diet. On d 112 of gestation and d 15 of lactation, serial blood samples were drawn to monitor sow response to a glucose challenge (1 g/kg body weight).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Effect of organic and inorganic selenium sources and levels on sow colostrum and milk selenium content

A study was conducted to evaluate the short-term effects of feeding two dietary Se sources at various Se levels on the transfer of Se to the dam's milk and nursing pig. Six dietary treatments were arranged in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement with two additional treatments in a randomized complete block designed experiment. Inorganic (sodium selenite) or organic (Se-enriched yeast) Se sources were added to the diet at .15 or .30 ppm Se. A non-Se-fortified corn-soybean meal basal diet served as a negative control, and a sixth group was fed .15 ppm Se from both inorganic and organic Se sources. A total of 43 sows were fed their treatment diets at 2.2 kg/d from 6 d prepartum to parturition and at full feed through a 14-d lactation period. Ten sows were initially bled at 6 d prepartum, and three sows and three pigs from their litters were bled at 7 and 14 d postpartum. Serum was analyzed for its Se concentration and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity. Colostrum was collected within 12 h postpartum and milk at 7 and 14 d of lactation. When the basal diet was fed, sow serum GSH-Px activity declined from 6 d prepartum and remained low throughout lactation. When dietary Se levels increased, sow serum Se concentration and serum GSH-Px activity increased (P < .05) at both 7 and 14 d postpartum. The short-term feeding of either Se source at .15 or .30 ppm Se did not affect colostrum Se content when inorganic Se was fed, but it was increased when organic Se was provided. This resulted in a significant Se source x Se level interaction (P < .01). Milk Se at 7 and 14 d postpartum was 2.5 to 3 times higher when the organic Se source was provided and resulted in a significant Se source x Se level interaction (P < .05). When the combination of inorganic and organic Se was fed at .15 ppm Se, colostrum and milk Se contents were similar to those of sows fed .15 ppm Se from the organic Se source. Pig serum GSH-Px activity was not affected at 7 and 14 d of age by dietary Se level or Se source fed to the sow, but serum Se increased (P < .05) as dietary Se level increased, particularly when sows had been fed organic Se. The results demonstrated that organic Se increased milk Se content more than did inorganic Se and increased the nursing pig's serum Se. These results indicate that inorganic Se was more biologically available for sow serum GSH-Px activity, but organic Se was more effectively incorporated into milk.