2014年上海城区家养犬猫刚地弓形虫血清学抗体情况调查

为监测自2002年起弓形虫病防控技术实施以来上海市区犬猫弓形虫病的感染情况,本研究应用弓形虫酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA),对2014年本市4个城区免疫点收治的共291条犬和91只猫的血清样品进行了抗体检测。ELISA检测结果显示,2014年犬、猫弓形虫抗体阳性率分别为5.50%和5.49%,不同季节间差异显著(P0.05),春季最高,为16.48%。本次调查表明上海市区仍然存在犬猫弓形虫感染,但弓形虫病防控技术的实施对降低其感染起到一定作用。笔者对16例弓形虫抗体阳性家养犬病例和5例弓形虫抗体阳性家养猫病例进行了回访调查,结果发现,该21例动物主人的弓形虫检测结果均为阴性。     

厦门市宠物医院犬猫弓形虫病血清学调查

为了解厦门市宠物医院犬猫弓形虫感染情况,2019-2020年采集犬血清235份、猫血清191份,进行弓形虫病血清学调查。经酶联免疫方法检测发现,厦门地区犬弓形虫抗原和IgG抗体阳性率为4.68%,猫弓形虫抗原阳性率为5.24%,IgG抗体阳性率为4.71%。对不同健康状态、生活环境、性别和年龄进行比较分析,发现犬猫弓形虫感染与性别、年龄差异不显著,不同健康状态下虽差异不显著,但不健康状态下带虫率较高。宠物关养与放养或流浪这两种生活环境对犬猫弓形虫抗原和抗体阳性率存在显著差异。调查表明:厦门地区存在一定的犬猫弓形虫病流行,犬猫弓形虫感染与生活环境密切相关,要定期做弓形虫检查和驱虫工作。本研究初步了解厦门地区犬猫弓形虫感染情况,为今后弓形虫病防控提供数据支持。     

2016年北京地区犬猫弓形虫抗体检测与分析

为贯彻落实“北京市中长期动物疫病防治规划(2013-2020)”,依据“2016年北京市动物疫病监测与流行病学调查计划”,采集北京16个区犬血清892份,猫血清835份,进行弓形虫抗体血清学调查.经IHA检测发现,犬弓形虫抗体阳性率2.24％,猫弓形虫抗体阳性率1.92％,不同区县以及不同场户类型的犬猫弓形虫感染率存在差异.     

内蒙古部分地区犬猫弓形虫病流行情况调查

为了调查内蒙古呼和浩特地区犬猫弓形虫病的流行情况,采用酶联免疫吸附试验和胶体金免疫层析法对呼和浩特地区共254只犬猫进行弓形虫抗体检测,采用胶体金免疫层析法对阳性感染犬猫进行抗原检测.结果显示,利用酶联免疫吸附试验检测犬的弓形虫阳性率为12.6%,猫为10.3%;利用胶体金免疫层析方法检测犬的弓形虫阳性率为11.4%,猫为9.2%;利用胶体金免疫层析方法对阳性犬猫进行抗原检测,检出率分别为23.8%和33.3%.调查表明,不同来源犬猫的弓形虫感染率差异显著,因此,加强对散养及流浪犬猫的管理是非常必要的.同时建议加强血清学监测,以便及时有效地采取预防措施.     

厦门市宠物犬猫中布鲁氏菌、弓形虫、A型流感病毒及巴尔通体的流行病学调查

为初步了解厦门市宠物犬猫中布鲁氏菌、弓形虫、A型流感病毒及巴尔通体的流行情况,采用荧光PCR、ELISA及血凝抑制等检测方法,对2021年从厦门市32家动物诊疗机构中采集的304份宠物犬猫血清及对应的全血样品进行抗体及核酸检测。结果显示：宠物犬猫中,布鲁氏菌（光滑型及粗糙型）表观流行率为2.0%,真实流行率为0.5%（95%CI：0~1.3%）;弓形虫表观流行率为3.3%,真实流行率为0.8%（95%CI：0~1.8%）;A型流感病毒表观流行率为8.6%,真实流行率为7.7%（95%CI：4.7%~10.7%）,检出H9亚型抗体阳性样品19份（抗体滴度为4log2~6log2）,未检出H5亚型及H7亚型抗体阳性样品（抗体滴度＜1log2）。未检出布鲁氏菌、弓形虫、巴尔通体及A型流感病毒核酸阳性样品。结果表明,厦门市宠物犬猫中存在一定的A型低致病性流感病毒传播风险,其他病原流行风险较低,但这些病原均具有感染人和其他动物的潜在风险,需要继续加强监测,做好个人防护。本研究为本地犬猫人兽共患病防治提供了依据。     

福州城区犬猫弓形虫病流行现状调查

犬猫是人畜弓形虫病的重要传染源,笔者自2018年10月至2019年7月对福州六城区家养的宠物犬猫弓形虫感染情况进行调查。结果显示,福州城区犬弓形虫病抗体阳性率为4.14%,猫弓形虫病抗体阳性率为2.71%。不同城区犬猫弓形虫感染率存在差异。     

河南省遂平县部分奶牛场弓形虫病血清学调查

弓形虫病为重要的人畜共患性寄生虫病之一,奶牛为重要的宿主之一,奶牛弓形虫病对人类公共健康造成一定的威胁。于2017—2018年应用IHA法对遂平县部分地区奶牛弓形虫病流行情况进行调查。结果显示,该地区被检测的672份奶牛血清样品中共72份为弓形虫病抗体阳性,平均阳性率为10.71%(72/672),2017年和2018年奶牛弓形虫病阳性率分别为12.59%和9.51%;不同规模奶牛场弓形虫病阳性率存在较大差异,散养户较规模奶牛场高,分别为15.03%和10.02%。此外,养猫的奶牛场弓形虫病阳性率较不养猫的奶牛场高,分别为13.87%和6.51%。     

湖南省长沙市宠物医院犬弓形虫病血清学调查

为了解湖南省长沙市宠物犬弓形虫感染状况,2017—2018年对长沙市宠物监测点的犬只抽样,采用间接酶联免疫方法进行弓形虫抗体检测。2017年共抽检血清707份,发现抗体阳性率为9.34%;2018年抽检血清711份,发现抗体阳性率为8.02%,较2017年稍微下降。从不同地区比较,天心区弓形虫感染率较高,均在13%以上;芙蓉区、岳麓区阳性率出现下降趋势,其中芙蓉区下降最快,从9.88%下降到4.79%,岳麓区从10.20%下降到6.98%;其他两区阳性率维持在7%～9%之间,相对平衡。对不同犬种、性别、年龄及季节进行比较分析发现,不同品种犬的弓形虫感染情况有差异,萨摩、中华田园、雪纳瑞、博美、柯基等犬种的阳性率相对偏高,在10%以上;犬弓形虫感染与性别关联性不大,差异不显著(P=0.086, 0.05);1岁以上犬的阳性率明显高于1岁以下犬,差异显著(P=0.012,0.05);不同季节犬只的弓形虫抗体阳性率差异显著(P=0,0.05)。调查表明:长沙市城区存在一定的犬弓形虫流行,整体呈下降趋势;犬弓形虫感染与年龄、季节相关,年龄越大阳性率越高,冬季更易感染。建议加强犬类管理,向饲养者普及相关饲养及弓形虫病预防知识,尤其是弓形虫感染严重地区;定期做好弓形虫检查和驱虫工作,重点关注感染率较高的犬种和1岁以上犬,尤其是冬季。本研究初步摸清了长沙市城区宠物犬弓形虫的感染程度及分布特点,为今后弓形虫病防控提供了数据支撑。     

西安地区猫弓形虫病的血清学调查

为了解西安市猫弓形虫的感染及流行情况，采集全市7个区的猫血清样品356份，应用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测弓形虫抗体。结果：检出阳性样品31份，阳性率8.71%;猫弓形虫感染与饲养区域、环境、年龄、季节4种因素均有密切关系。     

2021—2022年铜仁市碧江区猪场弓形虫的血清学调查

为初步调查碧江区部分猪场弓形虫病感染情况，2021年6月—2022年6月采用间接血凝试验(IHA)检测碧江区30个猪场850份血清样品的弓形虫抗体阳性率。90份血清样品检测为弓形虫抗体阳性，平均阳性率为10.59%(90/850);5个乡(镇)来源猪血清样品弓形虫抗体阳性率分别为7.92%、4.38%、10.00%、21.67%、13.33%。不同发育阶段猪群弓形虫抗体阳性率存在差异，其中经产母猪较其他年龄阶段猪群阳性率高；经常出现野猫和老鼠的猪场来源样品弓形虫抗体阳性率高于出没频率低的猪场。研究结果表明：碧江区部分猪场弓形虫感染情况较为严重，猪场应定期进行弓形虫抗体监测，同时注意灭鼠和驱猫等工作。     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1988

In late November 1988, 1581 small and mixed animal clinics and institutional veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1988, and 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 181,577 dogs were blood-tested for heartworm disease and 367 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 60 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1988 as 441 (0.24%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1985

In late December 1985, 1485 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1985 and 44% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 137,300 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1210 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 36 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number diagnosed in 1985 as 1247 (0.91%).

Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland and Saskatchewan but most (1126) of the cases were in Ontario. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. From Quebec, 91 cases were reported mostly from and around Montreal. From Manitoba, 19 cases were reported from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 28% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 78% had a history of not having left Canada.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1984

In late December 1984, 1853 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1984 and 35% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 97,794 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1417 dogs (1.45% of those tested) were found with heartworm. Another 34 dogs were amicrofilaremic, but were diagnosed as having heartworm disease, to give the total number diagnosed in 1984 as 1451 (1.48%). Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland but most (1310) of the cases were in Ontario. In Quebec, 126 cases were reported mostly from west of Montreal.

Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 27% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 72% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1989

In late November 1989, 1732 clinics and institutional veterinarians were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis, and 51.7% responded. Of 247,716 dogs tested, 394 had D. immitis microfilariae and 51 were amicrofilaremic for a total of 445 cases and heartworm prevalence of 0.17%. Most (408) of these dogs had no preventive medication and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 1.01%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Thirty-seven dogs with heartworm had preventive medication. Heartworm was most frequent in companion dogs over three years of age maintained outdoors in rural areas. About 75% of the cases had never left Canada, 26% had clinical signs and 125 were not treated.

Heartworm was reported from British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, but 383 cases were in Ontario. South-western Ontario was the primary focus of infection. There were 33 cases in Quebec and 24 in Manitoba, mainly found in and around Metropolitan Montreal and Winnipeg respectively.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1987

In late November 1987, 1246 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1987, and 50% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 165,428 dogs were blood tested for heartworm disease and 511 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 78 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1987 as 589 (0.35%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1986

In late December 1986, 1224 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1986; 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 150,989 dogs were blood-tested for microfilariae and 869 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 65 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease and one was found with heartworm at necropsy to give the total number diagnosed in 1986 as 935 (0.62%).

Heartworm was reported from Manitoba, New Brunswick, Ontario and Quebec, but most (810) of the cases were from Ontario. South-western Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. There were 103 cases reported from Quebec, mostly from and around Montreal, and 21 cases from Manitoba, from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 33% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 81% had a history of not having left Canada.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1983

In late December 1983, 2 800 veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of heartworm disease in Canada in 1983 and 26% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 59 504 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 771 dogs (1.30% of those tested) were found with Dirofilaria immitis. Heartworm disease was diagnosed in all provinces except New Brunswick and Newfoundland but most (733) of the cases were in Ontario.

Heartworm disease was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 31% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 64% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continues to be the focus of the infection and most of the dogs there had not left the province previously.